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Authors & Publishers
Media focus
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Journals
Output Type
Persuasive strategies in online health misinformation: A systematic review
Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 11 (2021), pp. 2131-2148
"A proliferation of a variety of health misinformation is present online, particularly during times of public health crisis. To combat online health misinformation, numerous studies have been conducted to taxonomize health misinformation or examine debunking strategies for various types of health mi
...
Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation
USENIX Security Symposium (2021), 18 pp.
"Disinformation is proliferating on the internet, and platforms are responding by attaching warnings to content. There is little evidence, however, that these warnings help users identify or avoid disinformation. In this work, we adapt methods and results from the information security warning litera
...
Edelman Trust Barometer 2021: Global Report
Edelman (2021), 58 slides
"After a year of unprecedented disaster and turbulence – the Covid-19 pandemic and economic crisis, the global outcry over systemic racism and political instability – the 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer reveals an epidemic of misinformation and widespread mistrust of societal institutions and leade
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Humanitarian Communication in a Post-Truth World
Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 1, issue 1 (2021), pp. 49-55
"When people look online for information about humanitarian crises, they increasingly encounter media content that blurs the line between reality and fiction. This includes everything from rumour and exaggeration to partisan journalism and completely invented stories designed to look like real news
...
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lubljana; Sarajevo: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Mediacentar (2021), 29 pp.
"The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in BiH is fragmented and unaligned with European standards, and there are few cases of its processing. Ways to combat disinformation mainly rely on self-regulatory frameworks and fact-checking platforms, and there are no comprehensive stra
...
From Grassroots Activism to Disinformation: Social Media in Southeast Asia
Singapore: ISEAS (2021), 277 pp.
"This book reflects on the role of social media in the past two decades in Southeast Asia. It traces the emergence of social media discourse in Southeast Asia, and its potential as a "liberation technology" in both democratizing and authoritarian states. It explains the growing decline in internet f
...
The COVID-19 Story: Unmasking China's Global Strategy
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2021), 7 pp.
"China has used Covid to benefit its global image through the activation of existing media dissemination channels overseas and the use of new tactics such as disinformation and misinformation. China’s largescale medical diplomacy campaign has also provided propaganda wins in many developing countr
...
Disinformation Primer
Key Guides
USAID (2021), 96 pp.
"This primer presents an overview of disinformation culture to give readers a sense of key concepts, terminology, select case studies, and programmatic design options. Disinformation is by no means new. Although social media platforms have emerged as the most efficient spreaders of false information
...
The Road Ahead: Mapping Civil Society Responses to Disinformation
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2021), 27 pp.
"Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) bring a wide range of skill sets to the problem of digital disinformation. Some organizations focus on digital media literacy and education; others engage in advocacy and policy work. Another segment has developed expertise in fact-checking and verification. Other
...
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Turkey
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 14 pp.
"The current legislation should include a direct expression of hate speech and expand the scope of hate speech in terms of person and subject as much as possible. The anti-discrimination state bodies should focus on protecting the human rights of the most vulnerable groups, broadening legal protecti
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National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Montenegro
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Montenegro Media Institute (2021), 19 pp.
"Competent institutions should react in case of spreading hate speech and introduce appropriate measures to combat the spread of disinformation, which would serve as a middle ground between arresting those who spread disinformation and a too passive approach to this problem. In addition to this, the
...
Fake News is Bad News: Hoaxes, Half-Truths and the Nature of Today's Journalism
Intech Open (2021), 260 pp.
"The publication is focused on the ways fake news, disinformation, misinformation and hateful statements are spread across society, predominantly within the online environment. Its main ambition is to offer an interdisciplinary body of scholarly knowledge on fake news, disinformation and propaganda
...
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Serbia
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 26 pp.
"In the process of accession to the European Union, Serbia is harmonizing laws with the EU legislation. In this process, the majority of regulations related to the prevention of hate speech and the spread of disinformation generally meet standards or are in the process of being amended. This factshe
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"This report explores how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses foreign social media influencers to shape and push messages domestically and internationally about Xinjiang that are aligned with its own preferred narratives. Our research has found key instances in which Chinese state entities have s
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How to Counter Disinformation: 10 Strategic Demands
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2021), 8 pp.
"1 Words matter: Use the correct terms
2 Images and emotions: Understanding the entire range of disinformation
3 Creating structures for the digital education of every age group
4 Securing the freedom of expression: Smart regulation against overblocking
5 A modern constitutional state
6 Focus on tec
...
The Impact of Disinformation on Democratic Processes and Human Rights in the World
Brussels: European Parliament, Directorate General for External Policies of the Union (2021), 54 pp.
"Disinformation undermines human rights and many elements of good quality democracy; but counter-disinformation measures can also have a prejudicial impact on human rights and democracy. COVID-19 compounds both these dynamics and has unleashed more intense waves of disinformation, allied to human ri
...
"Con la vista fija en una mejor calidad en la percepción misma de la información, así como en el desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas para disminuir la vulnerabilidad a la manipulación y contrarrestar el secuestro mismo de la libertad de consciencia, surge el Observatorio Venezolano de Fake New
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Disinformation in Iraqi Media
London: LSE Middle East Centre; Conflict Research Programme (CRP) (2021), 21 pp.
"This paper examines the key narratives of disinformation that are prevalent in Iraqi media. It provides an analysis of the messages, agents, intentions and impact of the spread of disinformation. Focusing particularly on the period during which planned national elections were postponed, it identifi
...
Motivations for Sharing Misinformation: A Comparative Study in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries
International Journal of Communication, volume 15 (2021), pp. 1200-1219
"In most African countries, “fake news,” politically motivated disinformation, and misinformation in the media were common occurrences before these became a preoccupation in the Global North. However, with a fast-growing population of mobile users, and the popularization of apps such as WhatsApp
...
Authoritarianism and Gendered Disinformation: A Case Study of the Philippines
Washington, DC: Elliott School of International Affairs Global Capstone; #ShePersisted (2021), 39 pp.
"First, disinformation is enabled by the Philippines' history of colonialism and martial law, high social media usage and low digital literacy, compounding crises, strongman governance, and sexist and misogynist rhetoric from elected leaders. While the first three factors create conditions that gene
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