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Authors & Publishers
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Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
MENA Monitor: Arabic COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Online
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 19 pp.
"Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and the subsequent development and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines are rampant across Arabic-language Facebook pages and groups. They are also linked to a larger network of anti-vaccination websites, Twitter accounts and YouTube channels across the web. Researchers f
...
The COVID-19 Story: Unmasking China's Global Strategy
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2021), 7 pp.
"China has used Covid to benefit its global image through the activation of existing media dissemination channels overseas and the use of new tactics such as disinformation and misinformation. China’s largescale medical diplomacy campaign has also provided propaganda wins in many developing countr
...
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Kosovo
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 13 pp.
"Regarding media and information literacy, the Kosovo Government and relevant education institutions, such as the Ministry of Education, should urgently introduce subjects that will be taught in school to provide a better understanding of the media and information literacy. Kosovo’s educational in
...
Authoritarianism and Gendered Disinformation: A Case Study of the Philippines
Washington, DC: Elliott School of International Affairs Global Capstone; #ShePersisted (2021), 39 pp.
"First, disinformation is enabled by the Philippines' history of colonialism and martial law, high social media usage and low digital literacy, compounding crises, strongman governance, and sexist and misogynist rhetoric from elected leaders. While the first three factors create conditions that gene
...
Final Report
Aspen Institute (2021), 78 pp.
"This report is the culmination of an in-depth investigation aimed at better defining the causes and challenges of information disorder, and offering a viable framework for action [...] The Aspen Institute’s Commission on Information Disorder invited voices from across our society to help build up
...
YouTube Regrets: A Crowdsourced Investigation Into YouTube's Recommendation Algorithm
Mozilla (2021), 39 pp.
"YouTube is the second-most visited website in the world, and its algorithm drives 70% of watch time on the platform—an estimated 700 million hours every single day. For years, that recommendation algorithm has helped spread health misinformation, political disinformation, hateful diatribes, and o
...
"In the Eastern DRC where the 10th Ebola epidemic was coming to an end, the advent of COVID-19 raised additional concern of dealing with two major health emergencies at the same time with implications for effective audience engagement, and compliance to public health measures. These concerns came ag
...
The Chilling: Global Trends in Online Violence Against Women Journalists. Research Discussion Paper
Deep Insights
UNESCO (2021), 94 pp.
"Online attacks on women journalists appear to be increasing significantly, as this study demonstrates, particularly in the context of the ‘shadow pandemic’ of violence against women during COVID-19. The pandemic has changed journalists’ working conditions, making them yet more dependent on di
...
Misinformation Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Laws and Regulations to Media Literacy
London: University of Westminster Press (2021), 220 pp.
"The volume first examines the teaching of media literacy in state-run schools in seven Sub-Saharan African countries as of mid-2020, as relates to misinformation. It explains the limited elements of broad media and information literacy (MIL) included in the curricula in the seven countries studied
...
Maria Ressa: Fighting an Onslaught of Online Violence. A Big Data Analysis
Washington, DC: International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) (2021), 44 pp.
"This groundbreaking collaborative case study is the most comprehensive assessment of online violence against a prominent woman journalist to date. We conducted a forensic analysis of the torrent of social media attacks on internationally celebrated digital media pioneer Maria Ressa over a five-year
...
What Works: Addressing COVID-19 Misinformation. Lessons from the Frontlines in 100 Countries
Internews (2021), 14 pp.
"A global COVID-19 vaccine rollout must be coupled with funding and strategies to support trusted local media worldwide. The experience of communities in countries across the world demonstrates an urgent need to support groups at the local level if misinformation and mistrust is to be tackled effect
...
A Systematic Literature Review on Disinformation: Toward a Unified Taxonomical Framework
New Media & Society, volume 23, issue 5 (2021), pp. 1301-1326
"There is no commonly agreed typology framework, specific categorization criteria, and explicit definitions as a basis to assist the further investigation of the area. Our work is focused on filling this need. Our contribution is twofold. First, we collect the various implicit and explicit disinform
...
A Race to the Bottom: Populism, Mis/Disinformation and South Africa's 2021 Election
Anti-Disinformation Project (2021), 103 pp.
"For analysing populist and dis- and minformation-driven campaigning, three sub-groupings of South African Twitter deserve particular attention. A) A community of radical populists made of black consciousness voices emphasising the struggle against 'white monopoly capital,' using this phrase as a di
...
The Long Tail of Influence Operations: A Case Study on News Front
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 17 pp.
"This case study examines two websites and two blogging accounts which appear to be linked to News Front, a Crimean-based news organisation previously accused of being a source of pro-Kremlin disinformation and influence operations. The sites and accounts shared stories and images in many cases iden
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Disinformation in the Brazilian pre-election context: Probing the content, spread and implications of fake news about Lula da Silva
Communication Review, volume 24, issue 4 (2021), pp. 297-319
"This research scrutinizes the content, spread, and implications of disinformation in Brazil’s 2018 pre-election period. It focuses specifically on the most widely shared fake news about Lula da Silva and links these with the preexisting polarization and political radicalization, ascertaining the
...
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Montenegro
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Montenegro Media Institute (2021), 19 pp.
"Competent institutions should react in case of spreading hate speech and introduce appropriate measures to combat the spread of disinformation, which would serve as a middle ground between arresting those who spread disinformation and a too passive approach to this problem. In addition to this, the
...
The Gender Dimensions of Foreign Influence Operations
International Journal of Communication, volume 15 (2021), pp. 4596-4618
"Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 7,506 tweets by state-sponsored accounts from Russia’s GRU and the Internet Research Agency (IRA), Iran, and Venezuela, this article examines the gender dimensions of foreign influence operations. By examining the political communication of feminism and women
...
Hate Narratives and Disinformation in Online Media in Albania
Tirana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 27 pp.
"The case studies analyzed here show that, in general, the mainstream media does not produce hate speech narratives on its own, but does become a vehicle for carrying them. The greatest producers of hate narratives, division, disinformation, and polarization remain the political actors, partly becau
...
Renforcer la résilience communautaire et la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre, Mali (Tabale Kunkan)
Search for Common Ground (2021), 56 pp.
"L’étude de base du projet « Renforcer la résilience communautaire et la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre du Mali intitulé “Tabalé Kunkan’’ a pour but d’établir la situation de référence du projet à partir de laquelle les progrès seront mesurés. Elle a util
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"O presente relatório propôs, através de uma análise de transparência passiva e ativa, um diagnóstico quanto à transparência e a garantia do direito de acesso à informação pública de saúde, em período sensível de calamidade no Brasil - a pandemia do novo coronavírus. O contexto de in
...
