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Resisting Disinfodemic: Media and Information Literacy for Everyone by Everyone

Abuja: UNESCO Abuja Regional Office (2020), 253 pp.

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Disinfodemic: Deciphering COVID-19 Disinformation
Key Guidance

Julie Posetti, Kalina Bontcheva

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 16 pp.

"COVID-19 disinformation creates confusion about medical science with immediate impact on every person on the planet, and upon whole societies. It is more toxic and more deadly than disinformation about other subjects. That is why this policy brief coins the term disinfodemic. Using this frame, the ... more

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FactShala User Study: Executive Summary. Baseline Status of Internet Users in India

Internews;DataLEADS;fact India Media Literacy Network (2020), 29 pp.

"The study revealed some clear patterns about why people fall for misinformation, regardless of their age, gender or education level. Some of the key trends common across city and village respondents were: 1. Majority of the respondents do not question the source of the information, or assess if the ... more

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Internet y pandemia en las Américas: Primera crisis sanitaria en la era digital

Elaine Ford, Winfried Weck (eds.)

Ciudad de Panama: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS);Democracia Digital (2020), 286 pp.

"[...] se identificaron rápidamente las principales temáticas a incluir en el libro. Estas son: acceso a Internet y derechos humanos online, populismo y desinformación, privacidad, ciberseguridad, big data y datos abiertos, teleeducación, teletrabajo, cooperación digital y transformación digit ... more

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Desinformation aufdecken und bekämpfen: Interdisziplinäre Ansätze gegen Desinformationskampagnen und für Meinungspluralität

Martin Steinebach, Katarina Bader, Lars Rinsdorf, Nicole Krämer, Alexander Roßnagel (eds.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 217 pp.

"Was macht Desinformation im deutschsprachigen Internet aus? Wie wirkt Desinformation? Wie kann sie mithilfe technischer Mittel erkannt werden? Was kann und könnte mit regulatorischen und rechtlichen Maßnahmen gegen Desinformation getan werden? Aus den Erkenntnissen von Journalistik, Medienpsychol ... more

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Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation: How AI Changes the Way Disinformation is Produced, Disseminated, and Can be Countered in Security and Human Rights

Katarina Kertysova

Security and Human Rights, volume 29, issue 1/4 (2020), pp. 55-81

"This article explores the challenges and opportunities presented by advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of information operations. The article first examines the ways in which AI can be used to counter disinformation online. It then dives into some of the limitations of AI solut ... more

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Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Quick Overview

Samantha Bradshaw, Hannah Bailey, Philip N. Howard

Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute (2020), 23 pp.

"Our 2020 report highlights the recent trends of computational propaganda across 81 countries and the evolving tools, capacities, strategies, and resources used to manipulate public opinion around the globe. We identify three key trends in this year’s inventory of disinformation activity: 1. Cyber ... more

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Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and Identifying Ways to Effectively Counter Them

Samuel Greene, Gregory Asmolov, Adam Fagan, Ofer Fridman, Borjan Gjuzelov

European Parliament, Directorate General for External Policies of the Union (2020), 101 pp.

"Disinformation is an endemic and ubiquitous part of politics throughout the Western Balkans, without exception. A mapping of the disinformation and counter-dis in for mation landscapes in the region in the period from 2018 through 2020 reveals three key disinformation challenges: external challenge ... more

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10 Things to Know About Misinformation and Disinformation

Jonathan Tanner

London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI) (2020), 13 pp.

"By accident or design, the internet and social media have created the ideal conditions for a huge increase in false information and conspiracy theories. This can cause real harm offline, especially because digital literacy and digital policy are both currently unable to keep up with the pace of cha ... more

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10 Tips for Reporting on Disinformation

Data & Society Research Institute (2020), 4 pp.

"For journalists, disinformation presents a unique challenge; while they are guided by the mission of exposing wrongdoing to hold power to account, they are also one of the most common targets of disinformation campaigns. Without realizing it, journalists can amplify disinformation simply by doing t ... more

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Combatting Digital Disinformation: An Evaluation of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Disinformation Strategy

Amy O’Hara, Jodi Nelson

Hewlett Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The Hewlett Foundation’s decision to add a focus on disinformation to its 2017 US Democracy strategy was motivated by a desire to figure out how best to encourage social media platforms to reduce polarization exacerbated by disinformation.1 The foundation invested in two major efforts to support ... this ambition: a multi-funder partnership with Facebook to create data access for independent researchers to study the impact of social media on democracy and elections; and a grant making portfolio conceived to build an academic field to deepen the understanding of disinformation and identify policy solutions that mitigate its spread and impact on society . We found compelling the suggestion that disinformation is better considered a topic than a coherent field, and that multi-disciplinarity brings richness in framing, methods, and applications. Among Hewlett grantees, scholars self-identify as members of different fields that carry with them important epistemological and philosophical differences. We found evidence that there are perceived gaps between researchers, platforms, journalists, policy makers, civil society and others that obstruct the development of policy solutions. The missing competency among many academics to translate research findings for use, and of the need for tighter connections between scholars and decision makers were additional insights we gained about important gaps in the current landscape. During the two-year grantmaking period, the disinformation portfolio invested in varied policy and academic institutions and supported a diverse group of principal investigators. This is in contrast to the perceptions we heard about the foundation’s lack of a diverse grantee portfolio and approach. We learned from key informants and secondary research that there is an inextricable link between disinformation, racial and social equity and justice. A stronger communication strategy about the foundation team’s approach to diversity, equity and inclusion is warranted, as is a deliberate effort to showcase the work of all their grantees and their distinct perspectives. The foundation’s significant role in creating momentum for this body of work was widely noted, as was the need for continued leadership and support." (Executive summary, page 2-3) more

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Whose Fingerprint Does the News Show? Developing Machine Learning Classifiers for Automatically Identifying Russian State-Funded News in Serbia

Ognjan Denkovski, Damian Trilling

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 4428-4452

"Democratic nations around the globe are facing increasing levels of false and misleading information circulating on social media and news websites, propagating alternative sociopolitical realities. One of the most innovative actors in this process has been the Russian state, whose disinformation ca ... more

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Countering Fake News: A Comparison of Possible Solutions Regarding User Acceptance and Effectiveness

Jan Kirchner, Christian Reuter

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, issue CSCW2, Article 140 (2020), 27 pp.

"This work takes a user-centered approach on means to counter identified mis- and disinformation in social media. We conduct a three-step study design on how approaches in social media should be presented to respect the users’ needs and experiences and how effective they are. As our first step, in ... more

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Under the Surface: Covid-19 Vaccine Narratives, Misinformation and Data Deficits on Social Media

Rory Smith, Seb Cubbon, Claire Wardle

First Draft (2020), 95 pp.

"This research demonstrates the complexity of the vaccine information ecosystem, where a cacophony of voices and narratives have coalesced to create an environment of extreme uncertainty. Two topics are driving a large proportion of the current global vaccine discourse, especially around a Covid-19 ... more

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Cómo combatir la desinformación: Estrategias de empoderamiento de la ciudadanía digital

Nicole Harper, Debora Albu, Janaina Costa, Thayane Guimarães

Barcelona: Digital Future Society (2020), 67 pp.

"Partiendo de la premisa de que se puede y se debe empoderar a la ciudadanía si se mejora la producción, el consumo y la circulación de la información, este informe analiza en profundidad dos cuestiones: ¿Qué instrumentos, iniciativas y políticas actuales ayudan a la ciudadanía a formarse un ... more

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Vaccine Misinformation Management Field Guide: Guidance for Addressing a Global Infodemic and Fostering Demand for Immunization

Angus Thomson, Gary Finnegan

New York: UNICEF (2020), 61 pp.

"This guide should help practitioners to: develop an evidence-grounded understanding of misinformation in the context of vaccination, how it spreads and gets traction, what can be done to mitigate its impact; implement evidence-based approaches to address misinformation; develop a comprehensive and ... more

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Help Stop the Spread of Disinformation! A Guide and 10-Point Checklist to Help People Think Before They Link

Tina McCorkindale

Institute for Public Relations (2020), 6 pp.

"Advancements in technology have made it difficult for people to discern real posts, sites, or videos from fake ones. To help, IPR has created “10 Ways to Identify Disinformation—A Checklist” to help people think before they link: 1. Who is the author or source? 2. How current is the source? 3 ... more

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Real-Time Rumor Tracking for COVID-19: System Design and Implementation Guide

Breakthrough Action;USAID (2020), 27 pp.

"This document is written for humanitarian or public health organizations as well as national governments seeking to document rumors in a systematic and dynamic fashion. First, the document provides an overview of the role of rumors in a public health or humanitarian emergency, followed by a summary ... more

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Fighting the Spread of False Information: A Fact-Checking and Verification Toolkit

Johannesburg: Africa Check;Fojo Media Institute (2020), 13 pp.

"This fact-checking and verification toolkit was developed by Africa Check for African journalists. It aims to equip journalists with the knowledge and practical tips to stop the spread of false information. This toolkit, which was developed as the world was in the midst of its battle against the Co ... more

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Lutter contre la diffusion de fausses informations: Un ensemble d'outils pour la vérification des faits

Johannesburg: Africa Check (2020), 13 pp.

Disinfodemic: Deciphering COVID-19 Disinformation Key Guidance

Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation Quick Overview

Disinfodemic: Deciphering COVID-19 Disinformation
Key Guidance

Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Quick Overview