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Verschwörungserzählungen
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2020), 16 pp.
Talking Back: Journalists Defending Attacks Against Their Profession in the Trump Era
Journalism Studies, volume 21, issue 11 (2020), pp. 1496–1513
"According to neo-institutional theory, the survival of institutions in society is predicated on a cultural discourse. Dubbed “the institutional myth,” this discourse reflects the core values, practices and aspirations of an institution and legitimizes its existence to internal and external stak
...
"Any technology that can be used to generate false or misleading content, from photocopiers and Photoshop software to deep fakes, can be weaponised. This paper argues that policymakers face a narrowing window of opportunity to minimise the consequences of weaponised deep fakes. Any response must inc
...
Real-Time Rumor Tracking for COVID-19: System Design and Implementation Guide
Breakthrough Action; USAID (2020), 27 pp.
"This document is written for humanitarian or public health organizations as well as national governments seeking to document rumors in a systematic and dynamic fashion. First, the document provides an overview of the role of rumors in a public health or humanitarian emergency, followed by a summary
...
Trends in the Business of Misinformation in Six Eastern European Countries: An Overview
Deep Insights
Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 11 pp.
"All six reports find that misinformation is prevalent, yet the channels used for distribution of such content are somewhat different. The misinformation landscape in Serbia, for example, is dominated by mainstream media outlets. Small misinformation websites simply cannot compete with “misinforma
...
Fake News, the Media & COVID-19 in West Africa
East Legon: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2020), 11 pp.
"This report briefly examines the phenomenon of fake news in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Anglophone West Africa. It specifically addresses the following areas: fake news trends; how the phenomenon has impacted the work of the media and the fight against the pandemic; measures taken so fa
...
Misinformation Review
Deep Insights
"The HKS Misinformation Review is a new format of peer-reviewed, scholarly publication. Content is produced and “fast-reviewed” by misinformation scientists and scholars, released under open access licensing, and geared towards emphasizing real-world implications. All content is targeted towards
...
The 101 of Disinformation Detection
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2020), 21 pp.
"Disinformation tactics and the responses in place to try to mitigate them online are changing rapidly. Organisations witnessing or targeted by disinformation therefore require a baseline understanding of the threats posed by disinformation and how to spot them while conducting their work. This tool
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The Hype Machine: How Social Media Disrupts Our Elections, Our Economy, and Our Health - and How We Must Adapt
London: HarperCollins (2020), xv, 390 pp.
"It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to wha
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Lie Machines: How to Save Democracy from Troll Armies, Deceitful Robots, Junk News Operations, and Political Operatives
New Haven; London: Yale University Press (2020), xviii, 221 pp.
"Artificially intelligent “bot” accounts attack politicians and public figures on social media. Conspiracy theorists publish junk news sites to promote their outlandish beliefs. Campaigners create fake dating profiles to attract young voters. We live in a world of technologies that misdirect our
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Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 Misinformation
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 13 pp.
"In this RISJ factsheet we identify some of the main types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation seen so far. We analyse a sample of 225 pieces of misinformation rated false or misleading by factcheckers and published in English between January and the end of March 2020, drawn from a colle
...
Tackling Disinformation and Infodemics Demands Media Policy Changes
Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 6 (2020), pp. 855-863
"Disinformation and infodemics have been central for the media policy agenda in most countries and in particular in Europe. Yet, the European Commission has had a soft law approach centralizing obligations to handling information disorder on a content level. This commentary argues that by focusing p
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Internet y pandemia en las Américas: Primera crisis sanitaria en la era digital
Ciudad de Panama: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS); Democracia Digital (2020), 286 pp.
"[...] se identificaron rápidamente las principales temáticas a incluir en el libro. Estas son: acceso a Internet y derechos humanos online, populismo y desinformación, privacidad, ciberseguridad, big data y datos abiertos, teleeducación, teletrabajo, cooperación digital y transformación digit
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Behind Closed Curtains: Disinformation on Messenger Services
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 30 pp.
"Several studies analysed in this paper show that messenger services facilitate and exacerbate the spread of disinformation. Any solution must make allowances for the complexity with which information spreads. The case studies show that a lack of trust in government is a key factor in the proliferat
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Vaccine Misinformation Management Field Guide: Guidance for Addressing a Global Infodemic and Fostering Demand for Immunization
New York: UNICEF (2020), 61 pp.
"This guide should help practitioners to: develop an evidence-grounded understanding of misinformation in the context of vaccination, how it spreads and gets traction, what can be done to mitigate its impact; implement evidence-based approaches to address misinformation; develop a comprehensive and
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Causes and Consequences of Mainstream Media Dissemination of Fake News: Literature Review and Synthesis
Annals of the International Communication Association, volume 44, issue 2 (2020), pp. 157-173
"Research indicates that the reach of fake news websites is limited to small parts of the population. On the other hand, data demonstrate that large proportions of the public know about notable fake news stories and believe them. These findings imply the possibility that most people hear about fake
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Report on the Facebook Third-Party Fact-Checking Programme
London: Full Fact (2020), 33 pp.
"Full Fact first started working with Facebook on the Third-Party Fact-Checking programme in January 2019. When we joined the programme we committed to reporting regularly on its operation. Our first report, published in July 2019, covered January to June 2019.1 This second report details our experi
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More-Troll Kombat: French and Russian Influence Operations Go Head to Head Targeting Audiences in Africa
Graphika (2020), 83 pp.
"On December 15, Facebook announced that it had taken down three separate networks that it had discovered for “coordinated inauthentic behavior” that targeted communities across Africa. One, centered on the Central African Republic (CAR) and Mali, was linked to individuals associated with the Fr
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Lügen, Hass und Desinformation: Lateinamerika in postfaktischen Zeiten
Perspectivas (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung), issue 6 (2020), 36 pp.
"In Lateinamerika haben Politiker wie Bolsonaro in Brasilien oder Bukele in El Salvador die Präsidentschaftswahlen nicht zuletzt durch ihre Abgrenzung vom politischen Establishment gewonnen, ungeachtet dessen, dass auch sie schon lange zu diesem von ihnen so diskreditierten Politikbetrieb gehören.
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Russische Medien in Deutschland: Wie der russische Informationskrieg und Desinformation Einfluss auf Deutschland ausüben
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 27 pp.
"In Deutschland wollen RT Deutsch, Sputnik mit SNARadio, Ruptly und die neuen Internet-Firmen Maffick Media und Redfish eine Gegenöffentlichkeit zu den aus ihrer Sicht manipulierten deutschen Medien schaffen. Dabei präsentieren sie sich als unabhängige Alternative. Dies entspricht aber nicht den
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