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Journals
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Causes and Consequences of Mainstream Media Dissemination of Fake News: Literature Review and Synthesis
Annals of the International Communication Association, volume 44, issue 2 (2020), pp. 157-173
"Research indicates that the reach of fake news websites is limited to small parts of the population. On the other hand, data demonstrate that large proportions of the public know about notable fake news stories and believe them. These findings imply the possibility that most people hear about fake
...
Understanding Misinformation on Mobile Instant Messengers (MIMs) in Developing Countries
Deep Insights
Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (2020), 27 pp.
"We conducted a mixed-methods research project in Nigeria, India, and Pakistan consisting of surveys, survey experiments, and semi-structured interviews, to better understand the spread and impact of misinformation, and in particular of misinformation on mobile messaging apps (MIMs). One of our goal
...
Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories
London; New York: Routledge (2020), xx, 680 pp.
"Taking a global and interdisciplinary approach, the Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories provides a comprehensive overview of conspiracy theories as an important social, cultural and political phenomenon in contemporary life. This handbook provides the most complete analysis of the phenomenon
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Combating Misinformation in Bangladesh: Roles and Responsibilities as Perceived by Journalists, Fact-checkers, and Users
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, volume 4, issue CSCW2, Article 130 (2020), 32 pp.
"The spread of misinformation on Facebook in Bangladesh, a country with a population of over 163 million, has resulted in chaos, hate attacks, and killings. By interviewing journalists, fact-checkers, in addition to surveying the general public, we analyzed the current state of verifying misinformat
...
"The study's findings, based on survey responses and interviews, point towards the poor quality of fact-checking practices in Pakistani newsrooms and stress the urgent need of introducing media literacy trainings to journalists and media practitioners." (Executive summary)
Countering Online Misinformation Resource Pack
UNICEF Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (2020), 26 pp.
"The pack provides easy access to various types of resources (tools, reports, toolkits, journal articles, etc.) that can support the development of tactics and plans to counter misinformation. The pack also provides a summary of what the research indicates as potential solutions to tackle misinforma
...
Strengthening Media Freedom: The Protection of Journalists in Europe, Hate Speech, Disinformation and the Role of Platforms
European Parliament (2020), 20 pp.
"European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2020 on strengthening media freedom: the protection of journalists in Europe, hate speech, disinformation and the role of platforms (2020/2009(INI))." (Introduction)
Exploring Turkey's Disinformation Ecosystem: An Overview
Istanbul: Edam Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (2020), 28 pp.
"The study’s key findings revealed that the Turkish information landscape is exposed to nearly all kinds of false information at very high rates. Frequent botnet and troll activity in Turkey’s social media use brings about more disinformation, fueling polarization and subversive discourse. Above
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Fact-Checking and Source Verification Manual in Times of COVID-19: Journalists and Media Organizations
Digital Rights Foundation (DRF) (2020), 50 pp.
"Without proper training in digital news verification, the dissemination of misinformation is both rapid and disastrous. Journalists are often processing a massive amount of information through social media with very little time to verify it--this presents unique challenges for journalists working w
...
Was tun gegen Verschwörungsideologien? Eine Hilfestellung für den Alltag, im Privat- oder Berufsleben, Unternehmen oder Verein
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2020), 8 pp.
"Neben Fake News transportieren Verschwörungsideologien Inhalte, die die Grundwerte offener und demokratischer Gesellschaften angreifen. Folgende Fragen helfen dabei zu verstehen, was hinter den Erzählungen steckt: Wird ein Feindbild konstruiert und wenn ja, wie? Werden antisemitische, rassistisch
...
Under the Surface: Covid-19 Vaccine Narratives, Misinformation and Data Deficits on Social Media
First Draft (2020), 95 pp.
"This research demonstrates the complexity of the vaccine information ecosystem, where a cacophony of voices and narratives have coalesced to create an environment of extreme uncertainty. Two topics are driving a large proportion of the current global vaccine discourse, especially around a Covid-19
...
10 Things to Know About Misinformation and Disinformation
London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI) (2020), 13 pp.
"By accident or design, the internet and social media have created the ideal conditions for a huge increase in false information and conspiracy theories. This can cause real harm offline, especially because digital literacy and digital policy are both currently unable to keep up with the pace of cha
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Die Psychologie des Postfaktischen: Über Fake News, "Lügenpresse", Clickbait & Co.
Deep Insights
Berlin: Springer (2020), ix, 219 pp.
"In diesem Buch werden in 18 Kapiteln Phänomene der Kommunikation im digitalen Zeitalter vorgestellt und die psychologischen Hintergründe anhand von wissenschaftlichen Theorien und Analysen erörtert. Viele Menschen sind verunsichert durch eine Medienwelt, die unausgewogen erscheint (Fake News, L
...
Using Misinformation as a Political Weapon: COVID-19 and Bolsonaro in Brazil
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 2 (2020), 8 pp.
"With over 30,000 confirmed cases, Brazil is currently the country most affected by COVID-19 in Latin America, and ranked 12th worldwide. Despite all evidence, a strong rhetoric undermining risks associated to COVID-19 has been endorsed at the highest levels of the Brazilian government, making Presi
...
Combatting and Defeating Chinese Propaganda and Disinformation: A Case Study of Taiwan’s 2020 Elections
Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (2020), 63 pp.
"In its 2020 presidential and legislative elections, Taiwan combatted and defeated Chinese propaganda and disinformation through a whole-of-society approach, one in which the government became better at debunking fake news and raising awareness of these attacks; civil society became more alert and c
...
Digital Resistance: An Empowering Handbook for Teachers on How to Support Their Students to Recognise Fake News and False Information Found in the Online Environment
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2020), 88 pp.
"This handbook and additional dossiers, freely available at the Digital Resistance project homepage (www.digi-res.eu), provide all the information teachers need to conduct a short module on the topic of “fake news” in the classroom or other settings with a group of students aged between 14 and 2
...
Breaking Harmony Square: A Game That “Inoculates” Against Political Misinformation
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 8 (2020), 26 pp.
"We present Harmony Square, a short, free-to-play online game in which players learn how political misinformation is produced and spread. We find that the game confers psychological resistance against manipulation techniques commonly used in political misinformation: players from around the world fi
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Fake News, Framing, Fact-Checking: Nachrichten im digitalen Zeitalter. Ein Handbuch
Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2020), 569 pp.
"Digitale Kanäle wie Youtube, Facebook oder Instagram, Künstliche Intelligenz, Fake-News-Vorwürfe und zunehmend fragmentierte Publikumsinteressen haben das Format Nachricht ebenso verändert wie das journalistische Handwerk und die Nachrichtenrezeption. Was bedeutet dieser grundlegende Wandel fü
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Regulación para combatir la desinformación: Estudio de ocho casos internacionales y recomendaciones para un enfoque democrático
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2020), 32 pp.
"El análisis revela los desafíos al proceso de construcción de soluciones reguladoras que protejan derechos y sean efectivas para promover el acceso a información confiable. La desinformación está profundamente entrelazada con los procesos políticos y sociales, y no es posible pensar en soluc
...
