Filter
710
Featured
Free Access
629
Inspiring Practice
3
Key Guidance
18
Quick Overview
8
Top Insights
32
Topics
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
359
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
192
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
74
COVID-19 Communication
70
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
53
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
51
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
50
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
43
Election Campaigns: Social Media
39
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
36
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
35
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
30
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
30
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
26
Propaganda
25
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
24
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
23
Twitter & Microblogs
20
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
20
Facebook
19
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
18
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
17
Countering Misinformation & Rumours
17
Social Media in Political Communication
15
Deepfakes (Realistic-Looking Media Content that has been Modified, Generated or Falsified Using AI)
15
Gendered Disinformation
15
WhatsApp
14
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
13
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
12
Government Communication Strategies
10
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
10
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
10
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
9
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
9
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
9
Populism
9
Government Propaganda
8
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
8
Artificial Intelligence
8
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
8
Antisemitism
8
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
8
Election Campaigns
7
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
7
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
7
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
7
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
7
Telegram
7
YouTube
7
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
7
Manipulation
7
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
7
Media Use, Media Consumption
6
Rumours & Rumour Management
6
Algorithms & Big Data
6
Digital & Information Literacy
6
Social Media
6
Freedom of Expression
5
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
5
Bots
5
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
5
TikTok
5
Countering Defamation & Harassment
5
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
5
COVID-19 Pandemic & Religion
5
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
4
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
4
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
4
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
4
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
4
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
4
Environmental Disinformation & Misinformation
4
Reporting on Disinformation & Misinformation
4
Educational Games, Serious Games
4
Environmental Communication
4
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
4
Media & Information Literacy
4
Media Literacy: Youth
4
Right-Wing Extremism
4
Political Communication
4
Censorship
3
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
3
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
3
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
3
Journalism Ethics
3
Good Practice Examples
3
Health Campaigns: Experiences
3
Nazism
3
European Union (EU)
3
Election Reporting
3
Media Literacy: Secondary Education
3
Social Media Landscapes
3
Public Opinion
3
Randomised Control Trials & (Quasi-) Experimental Designs
3
Society
3
Population
3
Reality & Communication, Truth & Media
3
User-Generated Contents
3
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
2
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
2
Authoritarian Discourse
2
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
2
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
2
Holocaust
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
War Reporting
2
Behaviour Change Communication
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
2
Google
2
Influencers (Social Media)
2
AI & Democracy / Democratization
2
LGBT & Communication / Media
2
Racism in Communication & Media
2
Effects of Disinformation on Democracy
2
Humour, Parody, Satire
2
Self-Regulation of Media
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
2
History of Journalism
2
United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
2
Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalistic Quality
2
Journalists
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
2
Media Law & Regulation
2
Polarization, Political Polarization
2
Election Monitoring
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Public Media, State Media
2
Cyberpsychology
2
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
2
Persuasive Communication
2
Religion and Communication
2
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
2
Islamophobia
2
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
2
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
1
Electoral Advertising, Political Advertising
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
1
Behavior Tracking & Cookies
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Health Information Access & Use
1
Information Needs in Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Campaigning: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Catholic Social Thought
1
Children & Digital Media
1
Girls and Media
1
Media Literacy: Children
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Communication Rights
1
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
1
Communication Strategies
1
Crisis Communication
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Design & Implementation
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Viral Spots & Viral Online Communication
1
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
1
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
1
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Early Warning: Conflicts & Crises
1
Enemy Images
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
1
Computational Content Analysis
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Hermeneutics
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Memes
1
Literature
1
Popular Cultures
1
Popular Religious Cultures & Practices
1
Open Society Foundations (NGO network)
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Cybercrimes
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Digital Labour, Digital Work
1
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
Digital & Social Media Effects
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Political Microtargeting
1
Search Engines
1
Instagram
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
AI in Journalism & Media
1
AI & Social Justice
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Discrimination in Language & Media
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Uyghurs, Uighurs
1
Xenophobia
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Infectious Diseases' Outbreak Communication
1
QAnon (Conspiracy Narrative)
1
Government-Sponsored Disinformation
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Sports Reporting
1
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Sexuality
1
Collaboration
1
Gatekeepers
1
Health Communication
1
Health Campaigns: Planning & Implementation
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Polio Communication
1
History of Disinformation
1
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
1
Foreign Correspondents
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Sputnik (Russian State News Portal & Radio Broadcast Service)
1
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
1
NATO
1
Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Sources
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Newsroom Management
1
Radio Journalism
1
Asian Languages
1
Media Assistance
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Information Ecosystems
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Mindfulness, Mindful Communication
1
Human Rights
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Pop Music
1
Aquinas, Thomas (1225-1274)
1
Cadwalladr, Carole (British Investigative Journalist)
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Ressa, Maria
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
1
Public Opinion Manipulation
1
Public Spheres
1
Public & State Television
1
Emotions in the Media, Emotional Functions & Messages of Media
1
Psychology (General)
1
Archetypes
1
Everyday Life
1
Opinion, Opinion Formation, Opinion Change
1
Prejudices
1
Perception, Cognition & Comprehension
1
Third-Person Effects
1
Buddhism
1
Esotericism & New Age
1
Taliban
1
Islam
1
Islamism
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Islam
1
Mythology
1
New Religious Movements
1
Religion (General)
1
Religion and Politics
1
Religion and Society
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Research Centres
1
Research Methods
1
Research Report Writing
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Discrimination
1
Countering Discrimination & Racism
1
Civic Coalitions
1
Digital Media Technologies
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Software
1
Remote Work, Teleworking, Working from Home
1
SMS
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Checking PolitiFact’s Fact-Checks
Journalism Studies, volume 22, issue 3 (2021), pp. 358-378
"In this article we examine PolitiFact’s fact-checking process. We collect a random sample of 858 fact-checks and evaluate them in the light of criteria based on or inspired by fact-checking literature and the International Fact-checking Network’s code of principles. Our analysis reveals the fol
...
Trust, personality, and belief as determinants of the organic reach of political disinformation on social media
Social Science Journal (2021), 12 pp.
"False political information spreads far and fast across social media, with negative consequences for society. Individual users play a key role in sharing such material, extending its range through the phenomenon of organic reach. An online experiment tested the hypotheses that higher trust in the s
...
Motivations for Sharing Misinformation: A Comparative Study in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries
International Journal of Communication, volume 15 (2021), pp. 1200-1219
"In most African countries, “fake news,” politically motivated disinformation, and misinformation in the media were common occurrences before these became a preoccupation in the Global North. However, with a fast-growing population of mobile users, and the popularization of apps such as WhatsApp
...
Trends in combating fake news on social media: A survey
Journal of Information and Telecommunication, volume 5, issue 2 (2021), pp. 247-266
"This study explores the various methods of combating fake news on social media such as Natural Language Processing, Hybrid model. We surmised that detecting fake news is a challenging and complex issue, however, it remains a workable task. Revelation in this study holds that the application of hybr
...
Disinformation in the Brazilian pre-election context: Probing the content, spread and implications of fake news about Lula da Silva
Communication Review, volume 24, issue 4 (2021), pp. 297-319
"This research scrutinizes the content, spread, and implications of disinformation in Brazil’s 2018 pre-election period. It focuses specifically on the most widely shared fake news about Lula da Silva and links these with the preexisting polarization and political radicalization, ascertaining the
...
Desinformation: Risiken, Regulierungslücken und adäquate Gegenmaßnahmen
Top Insights
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW;Hans-Bredow-Institut (2021), 97 pp.
"Auf der Grundlage der identifizierten Schutzlücken erarbeitet das Gutachten mögliche Gegenmaßnahmen und beschreibt die nötigen Wirkungsvoraussetzungen. Die zentrale Frage lautet: Welche Risikopotenziale für individuelle und gesellschaftliche Interessen weist Desinformation auf und welche Gover
...
Disinformation and freedom of opinion and expression: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
Quick Overview
United Nations, General Assembly (2021), 20 pp.
"In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression examines the threats posed by disinformation to human rights, democratic institutions and development processes. While acknowledging the complexities and challenges posed
...
Hashtag Wars: Political Disinformation and Discursive Struggles on Twitter Conversations During the 2018 Brazilian Presidential Campaign
Social Media + Society, volume 7, issue 2 (2021), 13 pp.
"In this article, we analyze the spread of political disinformation in events of discursive struggles on Twitter, during the 2018 presidential election in Brazil. These were disputes for the hegemonic narrative between two stories based on opposed hashtags: one based on news from mainstream media an
...
Authoritarianism and Gendered Disinformation: A Case Study of the Philippines
Washington, DC: Elliott School of International Affairs Global Capstone;#ShePersisted (2021), 39 pp.
"First, disinformation is enabled by the Philippines' history of colonialism and martial law, high social media usage and low digital literacy, compounding crises, strongman governance, and sexist and misogynist rhetoric from elected leaders. While the first three factors create conditions that gene
...
The Gender Dimensions of Foreign Influence Operations
International Journal of Communication, volume 15 (2021), pp. 4596-4618
"Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 7,506 tweets by state-sponsored accounts from Russia’s GRU and the Internet Research Agency (IRA), Iran, and Venezuela, this article examines the gender dimensions of foreign influence operations. By examining the political communication of feminism and women
...
Malign Creativity: How Gender, Sex, and Lies are Weaponized Against Women Online
Washington, DC: Wilson Center (2021), 61 pp.
"This report strives to build awareness of the direct and indirect impacts of gendered and sexualized disinformation on women in public life, as well as its corresponding impacts on national security and democratic participation. In an analysis of online conversations about 13 female politicians acr
...
Regulating Disinformation in Europe: Implications for Speech and Privacy
UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law, volume 6 (2021), pp. 9-36
"This article examines the ongoing dynamics in the regulation of disinformation in Europe, focusing on the intersection between the right to freedom of expression and the right to privacy. Importantly, there has been a recent wave of regulatory measures and other forms of pressure on online platform
...
Review of social science research on the impact of countermeasures against influence operations
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 2, issue 5 (2021), 17 pp.
"Based on key term searches and forward and backward citation mapping, we constructed a review of 223 studies published since 1972 related to countermeasures designed to combat influence operations. Each identified study included: (1) a source of variation in exposure to countermeasures; (2) a clear
...
Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation
USENIX Security Symposium (2021), 18 pp.
"Disinformation is proliferating on the internet, and platforms are responding by attaching warnings to content. There is little evidence, however, that these warnings help users identify or avoid disinformation. In this work, we adapt methods and results from the information security warning litera
...
Effective state practices against disinformation: Four country case studies
Helsinki: European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE) (2021), 30 pp.
"[...] this Research Report has selected four country case studies: Sweden, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France. Obviously, other cases would have been interesting, particularly the United States. But the United States is already at the centre of other works, including by Hybrid CoE. Being divers
...
Manual para periodistas y estudiantes de periodismo: IV Desorden informativo y fake news
Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL);Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung (2021), 75 pp.
Primera encuesta MediaScan Panamá: Percepción ante la desinformación. Consumo de medios. Confianza en las fuentes informativas
Mediáticos;Centro Internacional de Estudios Políticos y Sociales (CIEPS) (2021), 12 pp.
A Systematic Literature Review on Disinformation: Toward a Unified Taxonomical Framework
New Media & Society, volume 23, issue 5 (2021), pp. 1301-1326
"There is no commonly agreed typology framework, specific categorization criteria, and explicit definitions as a basis to assist the further investigation of the area. Our work is focused on filling this need. Our contribution is twofold. First, we collect the various implicit and explicit disinform
...
The Long Tail of Influence Operations: A Case Study on News Front
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 17 pp.
"This case study examines two websites and two blogging accounts which appear to be linked to News Front, a Crimean-based news organisation previously accused of being a source of pro-Kremlin disinformation and influence operations. The sites and accounts shared stories and images in many cases iden
...
How Journalists Can Address Misinformation on Telegram
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2021), 35 pp.
"As of July 2021, Telegram had 550 million active users worldwide – more than the individual user bases of Twitter, Snapchat or Discord. It is the fifth most-popular messaging app after Facebook-owned Whatsapp and Messenger, and WeChat and QQ which dominate the Chinese market [...] For this paper,
...
