"This guide explains how the Data Protection Act (DPA) applies to journalism, advises on good practice, and clarifies the role of the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO). It does not have any formal legal status and cannot set any new rules, but it will help those working in the media understa
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nd and comply with existing law in this area." (About this guide, page 3)
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"This publication [...] deals with the major ethical challenges facing journalists and other media practitioners in an environment in which social media has been assuming increasing importance and influence. By providing guidelines on how to deal with these challenges, this publication can serve as
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a practical guidebook for journalists and other media practitioners. In addition, this publication discusses the relationship between media ethics, law and freedom of expression. It presents different models of media regulation and gives examples of journalistic codes of ethics from around the world. In doing so, the publication puts the debate about media ethics in a broader context and provides an up-to-date framework to rethink media ethics for the media of today." (Foreword)
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"This study surveys the ethical beliefs of citizen journalists in several sub-Saharan African countries. The research showed that they are driven by a sense of social responsibility and a wish to inform their readers and the general public. Citizen journalists show a clear anti-authoritarian strain
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and an antipathy towards government regulation, yet most see themselves as subject to the same ethics that guide traditional journalism." (Abstract)
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"The rise of digital and social media necessitates a new way of considering the ethical questions facing practicing journalists. This volume considers the various individual, cultural and institutional influences that have an impact on journalistic ethics today. It also examines the links between et
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hics and professionalism, the organisational promotion of ethical values and the tensions between ethics, freedom of information and speech, and the need to disseminate information. By comparing the theoretical underpinnings of journalistic ethics with a variety of international case studies, this volume provides a comparative global analysis of the ethical challenges faced by the media in the twenty-first century." (Publisher description)
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"The system of self-regulation for the press was subject to contentious debates in South Africa from 2010 to 2012. The Press Council of South Africa and the accountability mechanism for the press (self-regulation) underwent two separate processes of review during this period, subsequently altering t
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he procedures of the press complaints body to some degree, and replacing the selfregulatory system with one of independent co-regulation. A significant change to the system, in January 2013, was the introduction of the allowance of third-party complaints. In an environment of increasing perceived threats to press freedom from government, and acknowledging the low public profile of the press accountability body, the introduction of third-party complaints enables the raising of public awareness about the purpose of the Press Council of South Africa and its relationship to the defence of press freedom, in a format which was not previously possible." (Abstract)
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"This article analyses how ethnicity influences the ethical decisions of journalists at the Nation Media Group (NMG) in Kenya. Ethnic identity is regarded as one of the key factors that shape the political beliefs of Kenyans in general, and for journalists and media practitioners in particular ethni
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c identities also influence their normative positions. The conflicting loyalties between ethnic belonging and journalistic norms of professionalism and independence especially come to the fore during democratic processes such as general elections and national referenda. Based on Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchy of Influences Model, the article draws on qualitative interviews of journalists at the Nation Media to argue that the highly ethnicized publics as audience and the media institution at the macro level and individual journalists at the micro level act as key levels of ethnic influence in the news production process at the NMG in Kenya. Shoemaker and Reese in their model argue that the power to shape content is not the media’s alone, but is shared with a variety of other sectors in the society, including the public. The article then proposes the inclusion of ethnicity as a ‘key level of Influence’ in Shoemaker and Reese’s model, especially when applying the model to the African media context. The article will address the following questions: How does ethnicity at the micro level of individual journalists and at the macro level of the media institution influence the ethical decisions of journalists at the NMG in Kenya? How do the highly ethnicized publics in Kenya influence the decisions of journalists at the NMG? How does this ethnic level of influence impact on the Nation Media’s capacity to fulfil its democratic roles in the society?" (Abstract)
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"Do existing structures of media accountability - such as press councils, codes of ethics, and ombudspersons - suffice, or do we urgently need new instruments and initiatives in today's converging media world? These questions were tackled in an international survey of 1,800 journalists in twelve Eur
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opean and two Arab states conducted by the EU-funded research project, «Media Accountability and Transparency in Europe» (MediaAcT). The results provide a solid empirical basis for the discussions taking place. This book advances research on media accountability and transparency, and also offers innovative perspectives for newsrooms, media policy-makers, and journalism educators." (Back cover)
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"ESOMAR and WAPOR recognise there are particular issues in the collection and reporting of opinion poll and survey information and have therefore issued this Guideline as part of the self-regulatory framework that applies to international research. It highlights the responsibilities of researchers t
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o conduct opinion polls in a professional and ethical way, and report them with sufficient transparency so that the public can judge the quality of results. Both will help ensure public confidence in opinion polls and published surveys. This Guideline: sets out the ethical rules that opinion researchers must follow; underlines the rights and safeguards to which participants are entitled; highlights the key information to be made available to maintain transparency when results are published; specifies standards to guide the agreements to be in place with those who commission polls to ensure published survey results are presented in an unbiased way; highlights the core methodological principles that apply in the design and conduct of such research; underlines some of the additional issues that arise with specific forms of opinion polls." (Introduction, page 4)
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"While several codes in these countries [where news media are considered less free] call for media owners to place responsibility for content above their commercial interests, the reality is that when promulgated by governments they can threaten rather than enhance freedom of the press. When volunta
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ry, they are little more than aspirational. Thus, some view the very notion of codes of ethics for media owners as potentially dangerous as well as ineffective. Nonetheless, media funders and implementers are urged to assist groups that seek to hold media owners accountable for the sins of omission and commission that occur in the publications, broadcast networks, and other media they own and control. As the funding of public-interest journalism becomes more challenging, notions of corporate social responsibility and good governance in management of media become more relevant and confidence-building actions that will encourage change across the ownership landscape, old and new, are urgently needed." (Introduction, page 7-8)
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"This study critically reflects on a schism evident in debates surrounding ‘humanitarian communication’. On one hand, it is approached as embodying an ideal of ethical practice. On the other, ideal humanitarianism is deployed as the grounds for a critique, whereby ‘humanitarian practice’ is
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seen as compromised by exigencies and political-economic influence. Drawing on the testimony of humanitarian communication practitioners within major international agencies, we argue this also reflects a felt tension within the field, where practitioners are very aware of the practical constraints and material influences to which they are subject. In both cases, however, an assumed opposition between the ‘practical’ and the ‘ethical’ tends to position ‘humanitarian ethics’ as an ahistorical ideal that stands apart from, and acts as a check on, instrumental action. This paper argues that a more historically grounded analysis suggests a more complex interrelationship between ethical and instrumental concerns." (Abstract)
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"In developing countries, the media is often confronted by a combination of factors that create fertile grounds for corruption, such as lack of training and technical skills, low professional standards, limited financial resources, opaque or government controlled ownership structures, inadequate and
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undemocratic legal frameworks. Types of corruption in the media vary from bribery in the form of cash for news, staged or fake news, gift giving, concealed advertisement to nepotism and capture by vested private or political interests. Fighting corruption in the media can involve a wide range of approaches, varying from raising awareness of ethical standards, strengthening the freedom of the press, introducing adequate media policies and legislation, promoting media accountability as well as supporting investigative journalism through technical training." (Summary)
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"Ferramenta fundamental para fiscalizar e abrir espaço à contribuição social, os conselhos já são instrumentos consolidados em setores como saúde e educação, mas ainda lutam para respirar quando o tema é a garantia do direito à liberdade de expressão, reiteradamente condicionada pelo pod
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er econômico. A obra resgata o papel fundamental dos conselhos que jogam a favor da implementação de políticas públicas e da realização da democracia direta, ao permitir a participação dos atores sociais na elaboração de propostas." (Apresentação, página 7)
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"The guidelines are intended to ensure that all actors who play a role in facilitating or engaging in media reporting on gender-based violence (GBV) are aware of and able to prioritize the ethical and safety considerations that preserve the safety, confidentiality and dignity of survivors, their fam
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ilies, their communities, and those who are trying to help them. The audience for these guidelines is two-fold: first, the guidelines are meant to support those actors who are working in humanitarian contexts to address the needs of GBV survivors, e.g. as part of a UN, NGO or Government entity, including senior management of these organisations. Second, the guidelines propose best practices for journalists and other media professionals who are reporting on GBV in emergency contexts." (Page 1)
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"Ethical reporters and editors must strive to tell the truth with courage, fairness and balance, open to the possibility that their reporting may lead to a story that varies with their initial concept. They do not give pre-eminence to the government or official version of events, but give voice to t
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he voiceless, seeking out unofficial sources and people on the ground. They offer all parties to a conflict or dispute the chance to have their say and present their views fairly and objectively, and they do not skew comments to advance a particular point of view or agenda. They should not withhold relevant information in order to bolster or undermine a given point of view. They should not doctor photos or documents to distort their meaning. Ethical reporters and editors make every effort to give those named in stories the opportunity to respond to allegations of wrongdoing, and they report the results of those efforts within their news stories. They credit other publications and writers as appropriate, and never plagiarize. Where information is obtained through social media, they acknowledge its use and strive to insure the authenticity of sources and information obtained." (Page 4)
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"This monograph provides a critical overview and assessment of the new and rising phenomenon of dakwahtainment or Islamic televangelism in post-reformasi Indonesia. This phenomenon feeds on the increasing materialist, consumerist, nihilistic and voyeuristic culture of celebrity that is currently eng
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ulfing Indonesia. It is set against a context where democratisation and media liberalisation are taking root in the Indonesian state and society. This work stems from action research conducted throughout 2012." (Introduction)
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