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Informe sobre la situación de la libertad de expresión en Nicaragua. Contribución para el cuarto ciclo del examen periódico universal sobre Nicaragua

PEN Internacional; Periodistas y Comunicadores Independientes de Nicaragua (PCIN); Fundación por la Libertad de Expresión y Democracia (FLED); PEN Nicaragua en el Exilio; IFEX-ALC; Article 19; Comité para la Protección de los Periodistas (CPJ); Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa (SIP) (2024), 20 pp.

"Este es un informe presentado en conjunto por las organizaciones mencionadas arriba. El objetivo del informe es presentar información y visibilizar ante el Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU en Ginebra, durante el Examen Periódico Universal (EPU) a Nicaragua en 2024, las continuas violaciones ... more

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Ataques legales contra el periodismo de investigación y la participación en asuntos de interés público en América Latina: Estado del arte y recomendaciones

Edison Lanza

Montevideo: UNESCO (2024), 25 pp.

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Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists: Annual Report 2023

Sylvie Coudray, Guilherme Canela De Souza Godoi, Mirta Lourenco et al.

Paris: UNESCO (2024), 67 pp.

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Liberdade de expressão no (pós-)governo de Bolsonaro: Ataques, capturas e controvérsias

Nara Lya Cabral Scabin (ed.)

São Paulo: Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação; Gênio Editorial (2024), 327 pp.

"[...] o presente livro, enquanto resultado de um esforço coletivo do GP Comunicação, Mídias e Liberdade de Expressão da Intercom, busca oferecer um balanço crítico dos debates sobre liberdade de expressão construídos no campo comunicacional brasileiro que abordam o contexto do governo de J ... more

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Southern European press challenges in a time of crisis: A cross-national study of Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece and Malta

Lada Trifonova Price, Marilyn Clark, Lambrini Papadopoulou, Theodora A. Maniou

Journalism, volume 25, issue 11 (2024), pp. 2420-2439

"The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for newsrooms across the world range from severe economic hardship to increased threats to press freedom. The “perfect storm” that engulfed the media and journalists globally has threatened and continues to challenge their existence, and the core of the ... more

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Protection mechanisms in Latin America: How to stregnthen the fragile shield protecting journalists

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2024), 13 pp.

"Ensuring a safe environment for journalists continues to be a major challenge for Latin America’s democracies. At least 338 journalists have been killed in the region since 2000. These deaths have been compounded by waves of harassment, arbitrary arrests and judicial persecution, which have force ... d journalists to flee abroad. Due to this systemic violence, protection mechanisms are urgently needed. These statesector programmes aim to protect individuals who are exposed to risks because of their journalistic work or because they combat corruption, organised crime, and abuses carried out by authorities. These initiatives are often launched in response to pressure from civil society and international organisations. In the past ten years, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Honduras all established such mechanisms. More recently, Ecuador and Peru launched protection initiatives in response to increased attacks. After several administrations that were hostile towards the media, Guatemala is now also trying to implement a protection policy, while draft laws are being discussed in Chile and Paraguay. Despite national differences, these mechanisms are built around common missions: assessing risks, determining appropriate measures and implementing protection plans for those under state protection. The methods used can take various forms, ranging from regular police patrols and emergency communication channels with law enforcement to enhanced protection measures such as bodyguards, armoured vehicles, bulletproof vests, surveillance cameras, and even relocation to safer places in the most serious situations. With support from UNESCO, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has worked to strengthen these mechanisms since 2021. In 2022, RSF published a report entitled “Protection paradigm: making protection mechanisms work for Latin American journalists” on Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Honduras. Now, this report focuses on the initiatives emerging in Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Peru. Through this report, RSF reaffirms its commitment — together with civil society and authorities — to establishing concrete responses to the threats against journalists. The number of protection mechanisms are growing, but their efficacy varies considerably and depends on an integrated approach involving various actors in order to prevent violence and ensure that those responsible are brought to justice. Many programmes are cruelly lacking in resources and can offer only limited state support, meaning they often fail to react to threats or prosecute attackers." (Foreword, page 3) more

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Violence, impunity and their impact on press freedom

Lada Trifonova Price

In: The Routledge Companion to Freedom of Expression and Censorship

John Steel, Julian Petley (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2024), 11 pp.

"The right of journalists to work in a secure environment, without being intimidated, harassed, attacked, abused or murdered, is of fundamental importance to freedom of expression globally. Yet, in many countries around the world, journalism has become a deadly occupation and those who practise it o ... more

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Intimidation, Repression and Censorship: The Status of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression in Afghanistan

Rawadari (2024), 26 pp.

"The Taliban have revoked and suspended laws that included the right to access information and freedom of expression, and currently there is no effective legal mechanism to protect media outlets and journalists against interference and intimidation. This has led to widespread violation of the right ... more

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Freedom of Afghan Media: Challenges facing Afghan journalists in Afghanistan and abroad

Mujtaba Haris

Journalists for Human Rights (JHR) (2024), 38 pp.

"Erosion of Media Freedom in Afghanistan: Since the Taliban regained power in August 2021, media freedom in Afghanistan has drastically declined. Over half of the country's media outlets have closed, leading to widespread unemployment among journalists. The Taliban's media policies enforce strict ce ... nsorship, resulting in self-censorship and threats to journalists still working. As one journalist in Kabul said, "The media in Afghanistan is dead; we were forced out of our jobs, and those who remain face daily threats." Severe Content Censorship: The Taliban has imposed strict regulations on media content, banning any reports that contradict their interpretation of Islamic values or Afghan national interests. As a result, 95% of journalists surveyed in Afghanistan reported facing restrictions when attempting to document and broadcast their work. "We are no longer allowed to report on incidents involving the Taliban, especially when it comes to conflicts within their ranks," shared a journalist from Badakhshan. Gender-Based Discrimination and Exclusion: Female journalists have been systematically targeted, leading many to leave the profession. Women working in the media are subjected to strict limitations, such as being required to cover their faces while on air and being denied opportunities to work. This has effectively silenced female voices in Afghan media. Arbitrary Detention and Physical Abuse: The Taliban have used arbitrary detention and physical abuse as tools to suppress independent journalism. Journalists are often detained without charge, held in poor conditions, and subjected to physical abuse. "Many of us live in fear of being arrested without cause," said one journalist who had been detained. The report found that 73% of detained journalists reported experiencing physical abuse during their detention. Self-Censorship as a Survival Tactic: The pervasive atmosphere of fear and intimidation has led to widespread self-censorship among journalists, both within Afghanistan and in exile. This has resulted in a homogenized media landscape, with many journalists avoiding sensitive topics to protect themselves from potential repercussions. A journalist in Afghanistan said, "Many of us live in fear of being arrested without cause." (Key findings, page 6) more

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Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas: Audiencia regional
Top Insights

Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights; Media Defence; Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo (Abraji); Article 19; Asocación de Periodistas de El Salvador (APES); Asociação de Jornalismo Digital (AJOR); Centro Prodh; Coalização em defesa do Jornalismo; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ); CIMAC; El Veinte (2024), 68 pp.

"El presente informe detalla la información aportada durante la audiencia regional temática "Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas" liderada por 25 organizaciones de la sociedad civil durante el 190° Período Ordinario de Sesiones de ... more

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Restricciones a la libertad de prensa y asfixia mediática en el contexto electoral en Venezuela

Freedom House; Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP); Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ); Fundamedios; IFEX-ALC; Reporters Without Borders; Free Press Unlimited; Voces del Sur (2024), 26 pp.

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Digital authoritarianism: A systematic literature review

Tony Roberts, Marjoke Oosterom

Information Technology for Developpment (2024), 25 pp.

"Authoritarianism is in the ascendancy across the globe, with digital technologies being used by both governments and non-state actors to repress rights and freedoms. Competing terms have emerged to conceptualize such use of digital technologies, including the term digital authoritarianism and a ran ... more

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Russian Bans on ‘Fake News’ about the war in Ukraine: Conditional truth and unconditional loyalty

Elena Sherstoboeva

International Communication Gazette, volume 86, issue 1 (2024), pp. 36-54

"This article examines Russia’s practice of the ban introduced by the so-called ‘fake news laws’ during the war against Ukraine. It blends doctrinal legal with discourse analysis to study how and why Russian courts have applied the laws, which epistemology of knowledge they have constructed wh ... more

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Internet Shutdowns, Sovereignty, and the Postcolonial State in Africa

Nicole Stremlau

Global Policy (2024), 8 pp.

"Despite strong international condemnation, there is growing acceptance of internet shutdowns as a legitimate response to online content that governments—particularly in Africa—find concerning. This article explores government decision- making around internet shutdowns during contentious periods ... more

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Clearing the Fog of War: Protecting Freedom of Expression in Armed Conflict

London: Article 19 (2024), 60 pp.

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The Invisible Hand of Media Censorship in the Balkans: A Closer Look at Media Ownership in the Balkans and the European Media Freedom Act

Balkan Free Media Initiative (BFMI) (2024), 80 pp.

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Global Case Law Database
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New York: Columbia University Global Freedom of Expression (2024)

"Columbia Global Freedom of Expression seeks to strengthen freedom of expression worldwide by advancing the understanding of international and national norms and institutions that best protect the free flow of information and expression in an interconnected global community. We do so by sharing know ... more

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An unbroken spirit: Afghanistan exiled media since the Taliban takeover
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Berlin: JX Fund (2024), 44 pp.

"A large portion of independent media has relocated to United States of America, Canada, and European countries such as Germany, France, UK, Ireland after the Taliban took over. The teams of many of these outlets operate in a hybrid model with editorial leadership in exile and staff members and free ... lancers in Afghanistan. Just over half of Afghan exiled media (57%) were founded in Afghanistan before the Taliban took over, but others (42%) were established in exile after August 15, 2021. Exiled media publish their content in multiple languages, including both the official languages of Afghanistan: Pashto and Dari (Farsi). Out of 47 media surveyed, 35 also publish their content in English. Afghan women journalists have founded several media outlets spanning various platforms, including online publications, radio and television channels, social media platforms, and podcasts. Through these outlets, they amplify the voices of Afghan women and shed light on the challenges they face under Taliban rule. In exile, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and political affiliations continue to influence the content and ownership of some media outlets, with direct consequences on their credibility. Afghan exiled media mostly aim for nation-wide coverage (90%). Only 10% of exiled media focus on regional coverage. Media consumption in Afghanistan has shifted towards exiled media. In addition, since the Taliban takeover, audiences increasingly relied on the internet, particularly social media platforms, to access information and entertainment programs. The study reveals that Facebook, X, and YouTube are the most popular social media platforms for exiled media outlets – both for audiences to consume content and interact with publishers. Television still stands as the predominant broadcasting platform in Afghanistan, with urban areas exhibiting a higher prevalence of household TV ownership compared to rural regions. Television coverage extends to nearly 40 percent of Afghanistan’s population. At least 12 Afghan TV exiled projects are accessible via satellite, web, social media, apps and streaming platforms. Fact-checking information coming from on-the-ground sources is becoming harder. The Taliban severely restricted information flows. Most Afghan exiled media rely on citizen journalism and anonymous sources. Lack of financial sustainability is a major concern. Afghan exiled media have lost their previous funding opportunities and need to cover budget gaps from international organizations or other philanthropic sources." (Executive summary, page 3) more

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Freedom of Expression: Inter-American Standards and Their Transformative Impact

Catalina Botero Marino

In: The Impact of the Inter- American Human Rights System

Armin von Bogdandy, Flávia Piovesan, Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor, Mariela Morales Antoniazzi (eds.)

Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2024), pp. 473-494

"This chapter has shown the positive relationship and virtuous circle between domestic authorities and international bodies that strengthens the protection of human rights by highlighting progress on two issues within the right to freedom of expression: criminalization and access to information. Ele ... more

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Venezuela: Situación del Derecho a la Libertad de Expresión e Información. Informe 2023

Carlos Correa (coord.)

Caracas: Espacio Público (2024), 184 pp.

Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas: Audiencia regional Top Insights

Global Case Law Database Top Insights

An unbroken spirit: Afghanistan exiled media since the Taliban takeover Top Insights

Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas: Audiencia regional
Top Insights

Global Case Law Database
Top Insights

An unbroken spirit: Afghanistan exiled media since the Taliban takeover
Top Insights