"The digital divide is not a problem the market alone will solve. We need to do things differently. Globally there is a growing movement of community connectivity providers — including community networks, municipal networks, cooperatives, and social enterprises — connecting underserved communiti
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es, often at faster speeds and lower prices than incumbent providers. These are the networks we need to promote, support, and invest in. Yet, almost all of them struggle to access capital. This is a nascent movement and the financial tools and capital stacks have not yet matured to meet the needs of these networks and the communities they serve. We now need to cultivate the financial infrastructure that will allow community connectivity providers to grow and scale. This report is designed to provide a foundation of understanding about what these providers look like, their various ownership and operating models, and how they can be financed sustainably. It is a practical tool for those who want to build networks and for funders and investors. The report’s 10 case studies show where and how community connectivity providers are already getting the job done and demonstrate how underserved communities can build their own internet infrastructure and take control of their digital futures. We hope this report will help more communities to achieve digital equity, catalyze more funding for community connectivity providers, and accelerate access to the internet and digital tools so that everyone can fully participate in our digitalizing world." (Foreword)
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"In this article we consider the notion of digital global public good and articulate our understanding of it. Against this conceptual foil, we examine the development of DHIS2 (District Health Information Software Version 2), a global health platform inspired by public goods, focusing on the paradox
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es that arise in the scaling process. We find that the scaling dynamics played out differently at the macro and micro levels, giving rise to the following paradoxes: addition of new functionalities to cater to the universe of users across the world (macro level) works counter to the needs of users in particular locations (micro level); responsiveness to the requests of the donors with a global view (macro level) distorts the production process, as the voices of users, situated in remote locations in developing countries, are not adequately heard; the system needs to be simultaneously relevant across the global (macro level) and the local (micro level), when the former calls for decontextualization and the later (re)contextualization. We then discuss challenges these paradoxes create with regard to attaining non-rivalry and non-exclusion, the defining characteristics of a public good." (Abstract)
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"The FNF Global Innovation Hub published in 2022 this guide using easily understandable language and examples of daily scenario that civil servants and the public encounter to help readers to painlessly grasp technical terms such as open source, FLOSS software, and open standard. Also, the Guide exp
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lains why Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) is the key to improve transparency, accountability, accessibility, and effectiveness of public digital service. It enables readers to establish Public Money? Public Code! as the mindset of perceiving public digital service: If a public digital service is built by using tax payers’ money, it should be supervised and examined by them as all public infrastructure. Finally, the Guide also provides practical policy recommendations on enhancing the use of FLOSS in governments." (Publisher description)
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"This study argues for the diversification of South Africa's digital economy, as it builds a case for the support of platform co-operatives, which are worker-owned and managed social enterprises that contribute to the diversification, decentralisation and democratisation of the digital economy by fo
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stering structural change for fair social outcomes as a natural consequence of economic development. Platform cooperatives represent an important counterbalance to the rent-seeking venture capital funded tech monopolies that currently dominate the platform economy. This study views their emergence - as well as other social enterprise models - as a gauge for the diversification of South Africa's digital economy." (Introduction)
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"Both the challenges to a democratic internet and challenges to internet access make clear that good digital products accessible to us all are not natural byproducts of digitalisation. Instead, they require coordinated proactive and joint efforts by the global community in order to come into being.
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Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) presents an opportunity for global civil society to engage in this process of digital development, create transparency and empower its citizens. We need a global civil society to hold agency in co-creating the digital transformation. Free and Open Source Software is of huge potential to diversify the tech industry with many positive impacts, also for all of us: an open source focused, diversified digital ecosystem helps us in enhancing data security and fostering an independent, free internet. By following a multistakeholder approach, it limits the influence of monopolies, enables participation by start-ups and innovative new actors as well as civil society. FOSS is an approach to learning on both sides, and by sharing knowledge and innovation." (Foreword, page 2-3)
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"This article is an outcome of an actionresearch project that gathered community members, farmers, technologists, agroecologists and community network practitioners to make possible a community network in the quilombo of Ribeirão Grande/Terra Seca, located in Barra do Turvo city, São Paulo state,
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Brazil. The quilombos emerged as refuges for Black people who escaped repression during the entire period of slavery in Brazil, between the 16th and 19th centuries. The inhabitants of these communities are called quilombolas. With the 1988 Constitution, they gained the right to own and use the land they were on, but not without plenty of political struggles. Today Brazil has more than 15,000 quilombola communities. Within quilombo Ribeirão Grande/Terra Seca there is a group of women that takes part in a network called Agroecological Network of Women Farmers (RAMA in Portuguese – Rede Agroecológica de Mulheres Agricultoras), and one of the issues they faced collectively related to difficulties of communication [...] This essay explores positive and negative aspects of our practices in the design and nurturing of the Ribeirão Grande/Terra Seca community network, the use of feminist and popular education methodologies, respect and appreciation of local knowledge, and the importance of considering gender, race and colonialism as oppressions present in the places where community networks operate and are needed. We share these reflections so that they can be useful for other community network activists, advocates and groups when it comes to their technological practices and methodologies. In our search for socially, culturally, ethically engaged and responsible definitions of technology, we come across our own gaps and prejudices: especially how to see and work on racial relations and, crucially, how community network practitioners ignore their own prejudices." (Pages 1-2)
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"David Nemer draws on extensive ethnographic fieldwork to provide a rich account of how favela residents engage with technology in community technology centers and in their everyday lives. Their stories reveal the structural violence of the information age. But they also show how those oppressed by
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technology don't just reject it, but consciously resist and appropriate it, and how their experiences with digital technologies enable them to navigate both digital and nondigital sources of oppression—and even, at times, to flourish. Nemer uses a decolonial and intersectional framework called Mundane Technology as an analytical tool to understand how digital technologies can simultaneously be sites of oppression and tools in the fight for freedom. Building on the work of the Brazilian educator and philosopher Paulo Freire, he shows how the favela residents appropriate everyday technologies—technological artifacts (cell phones, Facebook), operations (repair), and spaces (Telecenters and Lan Houses)—and use them to alleviate the oppression in their everyday lives. He also addresses the relationship of misinformation to radicalization and the rise of the new far right. Contrary to the simplistic techno-optimistic belief that technology will save the poor, even with access to technology these marginalized people face numerous sources of oppression, including technological biases, racism, classism, sexism, and censorship. Yet the spirit, love, community, resilience, and resistance of favela residents make possible their pursuit of freedom." (Publisher description)
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"The purpose of this guide is to share the basics of installing a solar-powered HF radio station. For some years now, Rhizomatica has been working to “modernize” HF technology, allowing the transmission and reception of digital information. HF technology offers many advantages for autonomous com
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munication in remote areas, and from our experience, it is possible and feasible to train people without much previous technical experience in the installation and use of solar-powered HF communication systems. This guide is an attempt to share the learnings from on-the-ground experiences and interactions with communities, and to facilitate and support further training processes for the use and installation of HF-based communication networks. The guide is aimed primarily at facilitators of training processes in HF radio and as reference material for people who have at least some prior knowledge of HF radio. In other words, it is not aimed at novices or people who are completely new to the subject." (Introduction)
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"Fernanda R. Rosa explores the Indigenous networks, principles, and practices of internet infrastructure building and sharing in Tseltal and Zapoteco sovereign territories in Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico. More specifically, she uses the concept of shared networks to examine “the first mile signal-sh
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aring practices” (page 8) among these underserved Indigenous communities and highlight their active participation in designing their own first mile infrastructure as “internet codesigners” (page 8). The paper draws on extensive fieldwork that Rosa conducted in 2017 among different institutions and actors in Chiapas and Oaxaca - two states with the lowest Internet connectivity rates in Mexico - and illuminates it is the local community members, rather than the big internet service providers (ISP), that truly drive the first mile internet connection." (https://www.asc.upenn.edu)
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"Este trabajo de investigación examina el surgimiento de las redes compartidas en comunidades tseltales y zapotecas de Chiapas y Oaxaca (México): la primera milla de señal de internet compartido que articulan la infraestructura de interconexión y los valores de convivencia para extender el inter
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net a zonas donde los servicios de los grandes proveedores de internet existentes no son satisfactorios o no están disponibles. En los estudios de caso analizados, los pueblos indígenas se convierten en co-diseñadores de internet al crear la infraestructura de sus propias redes locales e interconectarse con el internet global. Este documento sostiene que se materializa un híbrido a nivel de la interconexión de redes cuando la comunalidad o la forma de estas comunidades, apoyada en frecuencias sin licencia del espectro electromagnético, torres, antenas de radio, tejados de casas, routers y cables, se une a los valores de los proveedores de servicios de internet y a sus políticas. Las redes compartidas son el resultado de lo que estos arreglos establecen y limitan así como la evidencia de las vívidas luchas de las redes indígenas latino-céntricas hacia un internet pluriversal." (Resumen)
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"We present a case study of a community media project development Alert4You and describe the process of fostering a local community information platform through socio-technical innovation in 4 rural and remote island communities of Santo Antão in Republic of Cabo Verde. A mix of analogous and digit
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al technologies, their affordability and accessibility open up a new space for collaboration in the community, as well as between people, researchers and engineers, that is based on ethnography and participatory design techniques. We describe the process of community information platform co-creation and appropriation in the first stages of research and deployment of community radio stations that foster participation. Participation is an ongoing interaction involving decisions concerning technologies, the actors involved, the production of the content and the institutional framework. We argue that this is influenced by several unpredictable factors and challenges which we aim to describe. The contribution this paper makes is in highlighting challenges in the design and deployment of ICT in rural and remote island communities in Africa." (Abstract)
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"The policy brief we hereby present to the Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) includes recommendations and specific proposals to enable community networks in Brazil, considering extensive research in both the global and Brazilian context, the state of the art of these small, not-f
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or-profit players and the findings and experiences of 32 interviewees all related in some capacity to Brazilian community networks: internet access, spectrum management, the digital divide or research on information and communications technology (ICT) projects. We hereby summarise the priority areas that need to be addressed and the recommendations to reduce barriers and unlock the potential of Brazilian community networks." (Executive summary)
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"Este manual reúne informações a partir de experiências concretas de redes comunitárias no Brasil e América Latina para responder a perguntas como: o que são redes comunitárias? Que tipos existem? Como planejar, implementar, instalar e gerir uma rede comunitária? Dessa maneira, esta publica
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ção busca apresentar um conjunto de informações práticas e trazer uma visão geral deste campo, bem como reunir indicações de outros materiais que possam apoiar comunidades interessadas em imaginar, construir e manter redes e soluções de conectividade, tudo isso com muitas ilustrações e com base na educação popular." (Cubierta del libro)
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"The eight articles in the publication can be broadly grouped into two main sets. The first set discusses the different types of digital skills required from a more academic perspective, in particular in the context of the pandemic and post-pandemic period, as countries accelerate their move towards
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the digital transition. It also features an article that looks at a specific development sector – humanitarian assistance – and demonstrates how digital skills training can help communities affected by crisis. The second set of articles presents concrete examples, from countries in different regions, of digital skills initiatives, policies and programmes; and provides insights on lessons learned and recommendations on the way forward." (Page 4)
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"Turning to an ICT-based community development known as the Telecentre Programme amongst Orang Asli, an indigenous people groups in Peninsular Malaysia, this paper describes why a remote virtual management devise was invented to encounter challenges related to rugged terrain constraints, which would
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have directly impacted the planning and the execution of programmes designed at the telecentres. This paper argues as a technological solution, the virtual remote management system has powered an ecosystem, which shored up the digital inclusion of the indigenous communities and in the process enabled the enhancement of local informational capabilities. To this end, it reduced their technological dependency on outsiders leading to the usability and sustainability of the telecentre for local capacity building and socioeconomic benefits for the disadvantage communities." (Abstract)
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"Este manual no pretende en ningún caso ser conclusivo, ni ofrecer recetas para migrar a software libre, quiere ser un espacio que reúne experiencias como coordenadas comunes de la brújula que marca la política tecnológica y de contenido de ALER. Por ello, dejamos abierta la posibilidad de segu
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ir dialogando sobre acuerdos que nos permitan profundizar la incidencia en favor de los derechos humanos y de la naturaleza, que se nos hace tan urgente en nuestra Abya Yala. Tenemos el gusto de compartir este manual de Migración a tecnologías libres que responde a la iniciativa de pensar, proponer e intercambiar prácticas comunicativas orientadas al Buen Vivir, que como sabemos, son diversos y variopintos caminos que están en debate y construcción permanente. Invitamos a dejarnos interpelar, a cuestionar nuestras rutinas de producción, con el compromiso ético que nos permita hacer los mundos que necesitamos a través de la palabra." (Presentación, página 4)
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"This Open Source Documentation Guide aims to help you understand what you can do to prepare real open source documentation, how you come up with open source solutions, finalised products and overcome challenges in process and methods." (Page 2)
"The Kit is a collaborative, self-learning resource that makes investigative techniques and tools used by experienced investigators more accessible to people and communities who feel motivated to start their own investigations, collect and verify information, build evidence and create a better under
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standing of issues without losing sight of ethical or safety considerations. The aim is to help people develop the ability to question information that they suspect is false, find information when it is scarce and filter information when it becomes overwhelming. Here you can explore tools to access websites that have been removed from the internet, content that does not appear in search engines or data from videos and images that would otherwise remain invisible. You will discover ideas on how to approach investigations into companies and public funds or to find out how products you use and consume were made, and what abuses might have happened along the way. You can figure out how to use maps to investigate places and events, or how to prepare for field research. You will get tips about talking to people and observing places, assessing risks, collecting and using information safely and ethically, and making sure that you and others involved can stay out of harm’s way. You will also see how to approach data from unexpected entry points or discover information resources and tools you didn’t know about." (What is this kit, page 3)
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