"La emergencia de las radios comunitarias se da al interior de un proceso comunitario y colectivo de toma de conciencia de las agresiones institucionales por parte del Estado; de los intentos de despojo del territorio por parte de empresas trasnacionales, de la desinformación de los medios comercia
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les y de opresión política. En este proceso se articulan diferentes actores, entre ellos el movimiento de la CNTE, detonando un movimiento sui generis como fue el de la APPO en 2006, la lucha del 2016, y que dejarían su impronta hasta la fecha. La paulatina apropiación de esos medios, va sacando de las sombras una cotidianidad local y regional culturalmente densa y vital que potencia a hombres, mujeres niños y ancianos, y que se orienta a otros horizontes civilizatorios. Y va nutriendo y se va nutriendo de los movimientos sociales. Sin embargo, el patriarcado que históricamente ha determinado la sumisión de la mujer, la subordinación del espacio doméstico al espacio público, la negación de la participación de las mujeres en dicho espacio público, se hace visible también en la forma de funcionar de las radios comunitarias, con mayor énfasis en el ámbito rural que en el ámbito urbano. La mayoría de las mujeres entrevistadas, fuimos expulsadas de los propios procesos que encaminamos, expulsadas por la violencia que en esos espacios se reproduce y se controla. Espacios que, si cumplen con una función social, que están ahí siendo contestarías para otras causas, pero no para defender la vida e integridad de sus mujeres. Ocurre que mujeres que habían ya problematizado los roles de género, gracias a la influencia de maestros, al hecho de haber salido de sus comunidades, al rechazo al prototipo de mujer vivido en el hogar, se encuentran que, en las radios, que pretenden subvertir un sistema injusto, se reproducen las relaciones de género machistas. Eso no les impide seguir luchando a contracorriente en un proceso que va reconfigurando sus identidades e impactando las identidades masculinas. Al finalizar esta investigación, arribe junto a una serie de reflexiones que me hacen abrir la mirada con mayor profundidad. Iniciaré compartiendo desde una mira en perspectiva que si bien la situación de las mujeres en los medios de comunicación se presenta como un objeto estereotipado y cubriendo las cuotas de género que se exige en la sociedad." (Reflexiones finales, página 113-114)
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"Weltweit ist das Radio das Medium, das die meisten Menschen erreicht. In Europa verliert der Hörfunk zwar an Zuhörerschaft, aber gerade in Ländern des Südens sind Radiostationen ein sehr wichtiges Mittel der Kommunikation. Eine südafrikanische Universität entwickelte jüngst ein Spracherkennu
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ngsprogramm für Acholi und zwei weitere Lokalsprachen in Uganda. Mit deren Hilfe können nun Menschen selbst von entlegenen Dörfern aus über den Äther bei öffentlich geführten Debatten mitreden. Die Empfangsgeräte sind zugleich Sender, die das Radio ganz im Sinne Brechts als partizipatives Medium auch für jene öffnet, die keine schriftlichen Eingaben machen und keine Protestschreiben verschicken können. Ein Community Radio ist freilich nicht schon per se emanzipatorisch, und nicht jeder Freie Sender hat antirassistische und antisexistische Sprachregelungen in den Statuten stehen. Wann also ist die Aneignung von Kommunikation ein emanzipatorischer Akt? In unserem Dossier fragen wir außerdem: Welche Relevanz hat das Radiomachen heute für die Wahrnehmung des Rechtes auf freie Kommunikation? Sind Freie Radios und Piratensender ein Auslaufmodell, oder sind sie eine Avantgarde?" (Editorial)
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"The study sought to find out radio listenership among women in Kipkelion West Sub-County, to establish the choice of radio programs and stations that interests the women, to assess the preference of radio to other mass communication media among women and to find out the gratifications women seek to
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satisfy from listening to radio programs. The research was based on the theory of the uses and gratification which is concerned with what people do with the media rather than what media does to the people [...] The study found that majority of the respondents indicated that they had radios in their households and they listen to it. The study also found out that Majority of the women listened to radio mostly in the evening and morning hours. Chamgei FM was the most preferred radio station. News and agricultural programs were the most preferred programs. Finally the study found out that women listened to radio to be informed and entertained. This study concludes that radio is a very common communication channel among women and thus it should be well utilized by development practitioners. The study recommends that Radio programmers should schedule important programs or messages in the evening and early morning when listenership is high. Radio programs should be produced in an edutainment format and to enhance listenership of radio in this region it is necessary that the government enhances infrastructure such as electricity." (Abstract)
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"The study shows that very little time and space is given to women as news sources and subjects in Myanmar media. The overall figure of 16% representation across all mediums, can be interpreted as an established practice of media to defer in most cases to the male source. Female and male sources are
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most frequently sourced as spokespersons of an organization or group. In this case it is the organization or group being represented, not the reporter, who is choosing who is interviewed. This indicates that 1) the high proportion of male sources in news reflects the concentration of men in high-status positions in society, and 2) reporters make little effort to interrupt this systematic representation of male voices, when actually they can make a difference through their other choices of sources." (Conclusion)
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"This article outlines the findings from the first stage of a grassroots action research project conducted with a support group for women of lived prison experience, based in Adelaide, South Australia, to investigate radio production as a means for supporting women in their transition to life outsid
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e of prison. The research found that empowerment manifested itself in a number of distinct ways, through both processes and the products of the project. Through the production of radio, women of prison experience recognised their own expertise and took ownership of their stories, while the radio products educated the wider public and validated the participants’ experiences." (Abstract)
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"Maestri and Profanter highlight that the methodological approaches adopted in this volume are both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary. Focusing on the changing relationship between the dynamics of Arab communication spaces and the role of Arab women both in and through the media, the introduct
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ion reveals the editors’ ambitious task to link a series of chapters reflecting applied research on highly sensitive and pivotal issues. The influence of new technologies and feminism is seen as an important historical determinant of the human development process in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Maestri and Profanter highlight the rise of new convergences between secular and Islamic aspirations in the Arab female world and in their media and cyberspheres, where education is confirmed as a vehicle of mutual respect." (Extract)
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"These guides are for media professionals working to help audiences affected by humanitarian crises. They give a brief overview of common humanitarian issues in emergencies. They will help you: understand what kinds of problems your audiences are likely to be facing in emergencies; work alongside re
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lief experts to provide audiences with accurate, relevant and life-saving information." (Introduction)
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"Free Press Unlimited believes that gender equality is central to achieving its overall long-term objective that media and journalists constitute a diverse and professional media landscape and function as change agents. As such, they contribute to the overall vision of a just, inclusive and peaceful
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society. Inclusive refers to men and women of all ages and backgrounds. Free Press Unlimited’s focus on equal access, opportunities and rights for men and women media practitioners is based on existing and persisting gaps and stereotypes in media and society that often benefit men over women. To contribute to bridging these gaps, Free Press Unlimited adopted the thematic area Gender & Media. Its vision of success is: ‘Media actively advocate for gender equality and work towards increased participation and decision making of women in and through the media.’ The Gender Equality Policy reinforces this commitment and outlines the organisation’s objectives and standards in relation to gender and the media. The objective of this policy is to promote gender equality in the programmes, in partnerships and cooperation with others, in the organisation itself and in external communication." (Page 3)
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"Junge Frauen machen in Irakisch-Kurdistan ein Radioprogramm für Flüchtlinge. Tabuthemen kennen sie keine - Tratsch und Klatsch kommen auch nicht zu kurz." (Seite 56)
"The contributions in this volume address a variety of geographical and cultural contexts through an analysis of cinema, from the representation of women and Islam in Middle Eastern film, and female audience reception in Nigeria, to changing class and race norms in Bollywood dance sequences. The boo
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k includes a special focus on women directors in a global context, examining films and filmmakers from Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. Alongside a comprehensive overview of feminist perspectives on genre, this collection also offers discussion on a range of approaches to spectatorship, reception studies, and fandom, as well as transnational approaches to star studies and the relationship between feminist film theory and new media. Other topics include queer and trans* cinema, ecocinema, the post-human, and the methodological dimensions of feminist film history." (Publisher description)
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"En 2015 los medios de comunicación registraron 286 femicidios. Entre ellos, 86 de las víctimas tenían entre 19 y 30 años y 39 eran adolescentes de entre 13 y 18 años. Resulta interesante analizar la contradicción entre la hipersexualización de niñas y adolescentes en el discurso y las imág
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enes habituales de los medios, el modelo de mujer que se les impone y el tratamiento posterior que reciben al ser víctimas de agresiones en las que suelen surgir diversos estereotipos. Con frecuencia el modo en que iban vestidas, por ejemplo, se puede transformar en un justificativo de lo que les ocurrió. Esto fue el disparador por el que decidimos centrarnos en este monitoreo en las adolescentes [...] Parafraseando un reclamo feminista, los medios insisten en enseñarles a las mujeres cómo deben comportarse y vestirse si no quieren ser violadas o atacadas de alguna otra forma, en lugar de condenar los comportamientos de los varones violentos y enseñarles a éstos que la violencia contra las mujeres no tiene lugar en nuestra sociedad." (Conclusiones, página 48)
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"The Council of Europe Seminar, Combating Sexist Hate Speech, brought together a group of around 60 participants, including human rights and women’s rights activists, youth leaders, journalists and policy makers to challenge sexist hate speech, its causes, forms and consequences, and to propose so
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lutions to counter it [...] A wide range of proposals for actions by different stakeholders were made during the Seminar, highlighting the fact that sexist hate speech is an issue that should be addressed not only by the different sectors of the Council of Europe, but also by national governments, the media and civil society organisations. Specific activities were proposed, such as the creation of a logo and online stickers, the use of videos, the promotion of strategic litigation and the organisation of feminist camps for young women. Specific recommendations were also made regarding the role of the media sector, including platform providers and the need for codes of ethics to ensure more effective moderation in social media; and active gender equality policies regarding media content but also in the media sector. A set of necessary policy actions to address sexist hate speech were also identified, including clarifying concepts and definitions, eliminating gaps in legislation, especially related to combating violence against women, eliminating sexism from the language and practice of all institutions, promoting gender equality and media literacy training, and promoting the integration of a gender equality perspective in all aspects of education." (Summary, page 5-7)
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"The war journalist is often portrayed as a ruggedly masculine individual who survives on hard work, self-sufficiency, and heroic dedication to the truth in a stoic culture and dangerous environment. Yet, the growing number of female war journalists subtly complicates this traditional narrative. Fem
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ale war reporters navigate the precariousness of the conflict zone through the strategy of shape shifting—of switching gender performances depending on the environment and the audience. This article examines the shape-shifting phenomenon in the field, relying on 72 qualitative interviews conducted with English- and Arabic-speaking female journalists who have covered various wars and conflicts in the Arab region and beyond. On one level, interviewees say that they can work in precisely the same way as their male counterparts, downplaying their femininity and accentuating their own masculine qualities. On another rather paradoxical level, women war correspondents also sometimes foreground their feminine accessibility and intuition, especially when engaging female sources and entering private spaces inaccessible to male journalists. Finally, female conflict reporters sometimes perform an exaggerated version of feminine weakness or tacitly accept sexist treatment, especially when shape shifting can save them from danger or help them circumvent obstructions." (Abstract)
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"A qualitative study was conducted in Indonesia and Sri Lanka to understand the varied perceptions on the use and ownership of mobile phones [...] The study was conducted amongst four groups of people (urban men, urban women, rural men, and rural women) in each of two countries. The study found that
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: Gender does have some effect on how the phone is used. Women use it more for coordination. Men on the other hand seem to use it more for livelihood activities and for making and maintaining social connections. Men in general have greater decision-making power in a phone purchase even for their spouses. The most significant difference in the utility derived from mobile phones between urban and rural dwellers is the fact that, for the latter, the ability of the phone to help connect to needed infrastructure and services was more important. This was less of a concern for urbanites since essential infrastructure and services were generally close by, unlike for those rural dwellers." (Executive summary)
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"Evidence from the study reveals that the visibility of women (candidates or voters) during coverage of the 2016 general elections in Uganda was significantly low relative to that of men, not only in terms of being read about or being heard, but also being seen in pictures. The study findings show t
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hat the representation of women as news subjects was only 20% as opposed to 80% for men; emanating from the study also is that there is a direct linkage between one’s status in Ugandan society – sex, occupation, and family status – and the likelihood of being covered in election related stories and providing additional information, in the case of the role, news subjects or the source play in the news stories." (Executive summary)
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"The handbook seeks to shine a spotlight on media organisations that have prioritized gender equality within their organizations, leadership teams, and within their audience, and as a result, have seen a positive return. At best, we hope these stories inspire media to take concrete action to priorit
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ize gender equality and inclusion in their management structures and newsrooms. At the very least, we hope they start a broader conversation around this important subject." (Introduction)
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"How does media influence beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors? We know surprisingly little about this influence and I argue that two mechanisms account for its impact. Media provides new information that persuades individuals to accept it (individual channel), but also, media informs listeners about w
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hat others learn, thus facilitating coordination (social channel). Using a field experiment in Mexico, I disentangle these effects and analyze norms surrounding violence against women. I examine the effect of a radio program when it is transmitted privately versus when it is transmitted through public outlets. Although I find no evidence supporting the individual mechanism, the social channel increased rejection of violence against women, support for gender equality, and unexpectedly, increased pessimism regarding the future decline of violence." (Abstract)
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