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Journals
Output Type
Digital Access and Barriers in Displacement-Affected Communities in White Nile, Sudan: Results of a Connectivity Needs and Usage Assessment (CoNUA) by the Norwegian Refugee Council, the GSMA and REACH Initiative
London: GSMA (2022), 38 pp.
"This report shares findings on the access and use of mobile technology among South Sudanese refugees and the communities that host them in three areas of White Nile, Sudan. White Nile is a state in southern Sudan sharing a border and refugee crossing points with South Sudan. It is home to nearly 70
...
Simplified Guide on Internet Shutdown
Dar es Salaam: ZAINA Foundation (2022), 19 pp.
"This is the proactive simplified internet shutdown guide for human rights defenders in Sub Saharan Africa. The internet is the key infrastructure in democracy. Access to the internet and other technological communication tools is vital during this period of human rights in the digital era. This gui
...
Beyond Borders: Satellite Applications for Humanitarian Emergencies
Deep Insights
Farnham, Surrey (UK): Caribou Space; UK Humanitarian Innovation Hub (2022), 97 pp.
"Satellite applications are being developed by an increasingly complex web of supplyside stakeholders and are being applied across a range of use cases in the life cycle of a humanitarian emergency. However, there is a limited body of evidence to offer humanitarians guidance on where satellite techn
...
"Key findings include: 1. Peru’s digital ecosystem is one of many contrasts. There have been sustained advances over the last 30 years in connectivity, digital literacy, digital rights, digital government, and the digital economy; 2. Challenges in digital policy implementation and coordination cap
...
‘Data Sovereignty’ or ‘Data Colonialism’? Exploring the Chinese Involvement in Africa’s ICTs: A Document Review on Kenya
Journal of Contemporary African Studies, volume 40, issue 2 (2022), pp. 270-285
"Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become a crucial sector of China–Africa relations. As scholars have noted, Africa’s 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) risks transforming into a new ‘scramble’ with foreign actors harnessing Africa’s data. The present article explores th
...
Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Moldova
USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2022), 104 pp.
"Key findings include: Moldova is home to a competitive telecommunications market, affordable internet, and well developed internet infrastructure, much of which has been achieved over the last 10 years; cybersecurity implementation and capacity have not kept pace with policy development. The govern
...
Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Uzbekistan
USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2022), 116 pp.
"Key findings: Overcoming the digital divides between men and women and urban and rural populations requires long-term planning and resource commitments that include broad stakeholder engagement and coordination [...] The public’s appetite for online content is growing, but accessible, diverse, hi
...
"Key findings include: Connectivity infrastructure is fairly well developed in coastal urban areas but lags behind in Libya’s sparsely populated southern region; COVID-19 has accelerated the adoption of digital tools and services across sectors; however, Libyans are reluctant to adopt new tools du
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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Eastern and Southern Caribbean
USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2022), 118 pp.
"The Eastern and Southern Caribbean (ESC) Regional Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) report presents the findings and recommendations of the DECA, covering 11 ESC countries: Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenad
...
"The Zambia Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment report outlines the key aspects of the country's digital ecosystem and provides recommendations for the international development community to create a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment to achieve development outcomes." (https://www.usaid
...
Making Internet-Enabled Phones More Affordable in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
London: GSMA (2022), 43 pp.
"This report provides an overview of approaches and business models that are improving the affordability of handsets for various underserved populations in LMICs. It explores some of the nuances among these groups, considerations for meeting their different needs and variations between markets in Su
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"Nepal’s digital ecosystem does not yet meet the needs of all Nepalis and runs the risk of falling further behind. Over the past decade, mobile phones, and mobile internet have become increasingly widespread in Nepal; however, the government’s capacity to implement digital policies and solutions
...
Tseltal and Zapoteco Shared Networks: The Paths Towards a Pluriversal Internet
Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania (2022), 23 pp.
"Fernanda R. Rosa explores the Indigenous networks, principles, and practices of internet infrastructure building and sharing in Tseltal and Zapoteco sovereign territories in Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico. More specifically, she uses the concept of shared networks to examine “the first mile signal-sh
...
Africa, China, and the Development of Digital Infrastructure Governance: A Case Study of Ghana and Tanzania
Vienna: Central European University, School of Public Policy, Master Thesis (2022), v, 35 pp.
"This thesis uses a comparative case study to examine Tanzania and Ghana, two countries where China has contributed or sold large amounts of infrastructure, but who have seen different political reactions to and uses of this infrastructure. It poses the question: how do we explain the differing path
...
Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures 2022
Deep Insights
Geneva: ITU (2022), iv, 26 pp.
"As the world welcomes its 8 billionth inhabitant, an estimated 5.3 billion people – roughly 66 per cent of the global population – are using the Internet. Yet some 2.7 billion people worldwide remain totally offline, with universal connectivity still a distant prospect in least developed countr
...
Loss of Tonga’s Telecommunication: What Happened, What Were the Consequences and How Were They Managed?
Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (2022), 4 pp.
"In January 2022 the subsea volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in Tonga had a major eruption which also cut the country’s communication lines nationally, between Tonga’s inhabited islands and the outside world. The damage led to a complete halt in international communication (a “digital darkn
...
"The digital divide is not a problem the market alone will solve. We need to do things differently. Globally there is a growing movement of community connectivity providers — including community networks, municipal networks, cooperatives, and social enterprises — connecting underserved communiti
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Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures 2021
Geneva: ITU (2021), iv, 26 pp.
"An estimated 4.9 billion people are using the Internet in 2021, according to latest estimates in this 2021 edition of Measuring Digital Development: Facts and figures. That means that roughly 63 per cent of the world’s population is now online – an increase of 17 per cent – with almost 800 mi
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The State of Mobile Internet Connectivity 2022
London: GSMA (2021), 76 pp.
"Mobile internet use has reached 55% of the world's population. By the end of 2021, 4.3 billion people were using mobile internet, an increase of almost 300 million since the end of 2020. Growth in mobile internet adoption has almost entirely been driven by people living in low- and middle-income co
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National Emergency Telecommunications Plans: Enablers and Safeguards. A Brief Evaluation Guide for Policy Practitioners
London: GSMA (2021), 16 pp.
"Section 1 focuses on creating an enabling environment. Mobile network operators (MNOs) operate in a regulated environment.5 However, if this environment is not sufficiently enabling to support disaster preparedness, response and recovery, MNOs will encounter challenges when disaster strikes. This s
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