"Este trabajo está basado en un sondeo online diseñado por Guillermo Franco con el apoyo de Diego Fajardo, realizado entre el 5 de junio y el 20 julio de 2009, en el que participaron 588 personas de la región, que representaban medios tradicionales, blogs en plataformas públicas, medios online,
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sitios gubernamentales, empresariales, universitarios o vinculados a organizaciones sociales o centros de investigación. Entre las principales conclusiones que arrojó este estudio se encuentran que “para los creadores de contenidos web en América Latina, la mayor necesidad en términos de formación es aprender a contar historias en video y otras formas complejas. Aunque identifican como su mayor problema la generación de ingresos para financiar el sitio o medio en internet, paradójicamente tienen muchísimo menor interés en aprender sobre modelos de negocios o venta de publicidad”. Además, los resultados del sondeo se presentan discriminados por país o región; por tipo de sitio; por origen; por filiación del sitio y por tamaño de la operación. Incluye también un inventario muy parcial de la oferta de capacitación online disponible y una reflexión final acerca de las implicaciones de los resultados de la investigación." (Introducción)
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"This report is intended to serve as a guide for organizations considering establishing journalist-training programs in Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda. The report provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities in the journalism profession in these three countries. Generalizations across countri
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es are difficult. Thus, we encourage anyone making use of this report for program planning to consider the findings on each country as a distinct entity." (Executive summary)
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"Martin Chautari (MC) has been researching various aspects of Nepali media for almost a decade now. In this study, MC’s focus is on one of the major components of the media sector in Nepal, namely, media training, a subject which has so far been neglected by academics and other researchers. In thi
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s study, we focus on various aspects of the current practices of media training in Nepal: institutions involved in media training, training curricula, trainers, trainees, as well as the financial aspects of the training business. Though the research was largely concentrated in the Kathmandu valley (the capital of Nepal) where a majority of the media training providers are located, field research was also carried out in six other urban centers—namely, Nepalgunj and Dhangadi in western Nepal, Butwal and Pokhara in central Nepal, and Dharan and Biratnagar in eastern Nepal (see appendix 3 for a map of Nepal where the field research sites are shown). Hence major cities for media training in all the five development regions of the country were covered in this study. To assess the quality and availability of the media trainings, our research team visited most of the institutions involved in media training in Nepal and interviewed 166 persons in total (see appendices 1 and 2 for lists of the institutions and individuals) between September and November 2009." (Preface, page vi-vii)
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"[...] The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of international media training on radio professionals in Indonesia. The study examined the effectiveness of training organizations in implementing training programs in Indonesia. Diffusion of innovation theory was used as a theoretical fr
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amework based on the premise that training has been one of the most common tools used to diffuse new ideas and knowledge other than the formal education setting. A mixed-methodology by combining focus group discussion and survey was used in order to understand the impact of training for Indonesian radio professionals. Finding suggested that most journalists and managers adopted training and diffused the new knowledge and skills to fellow professionals. Some of them continued to adopt while others stopped due to both internal and external challenges. Journalists said management was the main obstacle to for adoption; while managers blamed the market situation. In addition, other factors that occurred in training also played a role in adoption including participant selection, needs assessment, training materials, trainers and the structure of training." (Abstract)
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"One of the main dilemmas facing journalism education across Africa is whether one can argue for a ‘universal’ set of journalistic standards while at the same time maintaining a culturally sensitive journalism practice. Underlying the dilemma is the question of whether there is a need to identif
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y an ‘African journalism’ philosophy that is normatively different from its Western counterpart. In light of a newly started MA programme in journalism at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, this article argues that rather than seeing journalistic practices as a negotiation between journalism ‘universals’ and cultural particulars they ought to be seen as the interplay between the two. Following this argument, the article calls for a rethinking and distinction of the roles of conventional news media and alternative media." (Abstract)
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"One of the major obstacles to the development of a professional media is the lack of qualified education and training and media training remains a neglected area in Sudan. Education and training in journalism and related areas provided by universities are not responding sufficiently to the needs of
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building journalistic skills. Meanwhile, a number of media training initiatives carried out by Sudanese and international media training institutions have largely been conducted ad hoc but do not address the needs with a long-term and integrated vision, and without overall coordination and strategy framework. In order to address this need, International Media Support developed a project with the objective to map out lessons learned and the challenges and priorities for media training in Sudan." (Introduction, page 4)
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"Journalism education (based for most of the past three decades at three Pacific universities) and industry short-course training have followed different yet parallel paths in the region. Aid donors have played important roles in both sectors, although often not particularly well coordinated. While
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journalism education was being established in the region for the first time at the University of Papua New Guinea in 1975, media industry executives met to plan a strategy to boost on-the-job training and to defend themselves from growing pressures from post-colonial governments. The industry established the Pacific Islands News Association (PINA), which became a major regional media lobby group. Subsequently, the region’s state broadcasters broke away in 1988 to form a rival body, Pacific Islands Broadcasting Association (PIBA), and to establish the region’s first news cooperative, Pacnews. For a brief three-year period between 1988 and 1991, the university journalism education sector and industry training managed reasonable cooperation under UNESCO’s Pacjourn project. During this time, UPNG hosted Pacjourn and its staff of media academics and trainers ran short-courses for the benefit of the media industry. The focus then swung back to Fiji with a new UNESCO project leading to the establishment of the PINA-initiated Pacific Journalism Training Development Centre. While the UPNG Journalism Programme was funded initially by New Zealand aid, DWU was a private institution funded primarily by the Catholic Church and staffed mainly by volunteers. The degree programme founded at USP in the mid 1990s was funded by the French government for four years. In 1994, the Fiji media industry established a vocational training centre, the Fiji Journalism Institute (FJI), with UNESCO and other donor funding assistance along with the Fiji government, which provided office space. Although this venture collapsed after six years under a cloud over financial accountability, both the Fiji Media Council and PINA moved to revive the centre through the Fiji Institute of Technology. The Samoa Polytechnic (now the Samoa Institute of Technology) also established a vocational journalism school in 2002. Fiji has been the only Pacific country where the media industry has established a vocational programme competing with an established journalism school at a university—the region’s largest. This has prompted concerns about duplication and wastage of resources. AusAID, through its Pacific Media and Communications Facility and its associated Media in Development Initiative programme in Papua New Guinea, has gained ascendancy in the region as a media aid donor—and in most other fields, too. It has sought to achieve greater coordination in the region’s media training and aid cooperation between agencies. This also led to the merger of PINA and PIBA in 2004 for the benefit of the region. However, this trend has also led to growing concern in media and academic circles over a loss of independence and sovereignty over media training and educational policies—is aid a panacea or Pandora’s box for media training and education sustainability? It is critical for governance that future media training aid should have more transparency with funds being spread more evenly across several agencies so that no single industry group effectively holds too much power over journalism training policy. And the media should become proactive over reportage and debate over media aid issues and challenge conflicts of interest. Non-government organisations such as AusAID and the UN organisations need to tackle aid policy more robustly to push for a new funding paradigm in support of the Fourth Estate in the region in the digital age." (Conclusion)
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"The findings from this research reveal the complexity of delivering journalism training and the challenges involved in capturing evidence of impact. Content analysis is a useful tool for measuring change in media output. It can both inform training delivery and provide evidence of improvements to o
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utput after training has taken place. The detailed and systematic collection and analysis of data can detect subtle changes in content, presentation of output and production elements that might not be captured by other research techniques. Although content analysis provides evidence that the output has changed it may not necessarily be a direct result of the intervention. Content analysis records media output - it does not measure the situation under which the news is produced. For example, during the training period managers might have introduced editorial guidelines or style guides to the organisation independently of the training intervention. Changes in output might be attributable to the actions of management rather than the training experience. Content analysis is also limited to measuring changes to output only – not to the skills acquired by particular trainees. For example, a trainer worked with the news room team to produce a radio package - at the last minute the management refused to broadcast the piece due to editorial policy. Although the improved content was not broadcast, and therefore not included in the content analysis, journalists acquired skills in the production process." (Research learnings, page 8)
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"The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization has prepared model curricula intended to improve international journalism education. While the overall goal is worthy, serious obstacles exist to its implementation in the "developing countries and emerging democracies" if it is
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promoted as a tool to reshape the education of future professionals. This article discusses those political, economic, legal, and cultural obstacles and suggests that the focus of journalism education under such conditions be development of students' practical professional skills and an understanding of the widely accepted professional values of fairness, balance, accuracy, and ethics." (Abstract)
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"The intellectual undernourishment of journalism education and research is tied to wider problems in Pacific academic culture. On a macro level, Pacific media communities can apply their own social capital to the task of media development according to their own agendas, drawing on sound data and ana
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lysis. The methodology of teaching that will be most effective is one where educators use data on the demand-side, that is, allowing information needs, once identified, to become the catalyst for creative production, harnessing the inherent capacities and collective wisdom of communities in their own vernaculars, rather than simply transferring the received wisdom of media technocrats." (Conclusion)
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"Internews Network, a U.S.-based organization that for more than two decades has trained journalists around the world, in 2002 received funding from the United States Agency for International Development to launch a project in Africa to help media improve their coverage of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Cal
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led “Local Voices,” the project expanded to Ethiopia in 2005 and India in 2006. In 2004, Internews Europe started a similar project in the Mekong region of Southeast Asia, “Turnaround Time,” with funds from the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development. That project evolved to do trainings in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. This report evaluates Local Voices and Turnaround Time and aims to help strengthen the continuing training programs [...] Both projects had a similar, overarching goal: To increase the quality and quantity of HIV/AIDS coverage, improving the environment for prevention, treatment and care. Although we have no way of assessing whether the projects had an impact on a societal level, over 1000 journalists went through carefully designed workshops, subsequently printing or broadcasting more than 5600 HIV/AIDS-related stories that Internews mentors often helped produce. Journalists clearly benefited from the trainings at each site, and many praised the program for fundamentally altering how they approach their jobs." (Executive summary)
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"This report explores the current state of university-based journalism education and describes avenues for engaging those international media developers by highlighting three strategies: • Universities are important for entry-level journalism training. International media developers should conside
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r investing in journalism schools; however, the type and level of assistance should depend on local circumstances. • International funders are showing interest in mapping journalism education worldwide. Such efforts must draw information from every part of the world in order to help media developers find the most promising entities for investment of their limited development funds. • The media sector has changed dramatically, but many journalism programs fail to meet the new challenges of the industry. Media developers can help overcome this gap in several ways: funding teacher training and curriculum development, providing updated educational materials and adequate equipment, facilitating the creation of student-run media to develop practical skills, and funding cross-disciplinary partnerships and programs." (Executive summary)
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