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Matching the Market and the Model: The Business of Independent News Media

Michelle J. Foster

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 34 pp.

"According to this paper, many media businesses lack management skills and experience in developing effective business models. "Compounding this is a lack of media development assistance targeted to media managers, the expansion of economic constraints on media businesses, and a lack of access to in ... more

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Voices from Villages: Community Radio in the Developing World

Mary Myers

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 52 pp.

"Since the 1990s community radio has mushroomed throughout the developing world. In fact it has grown faster than either state or commercial radio. Across Africa, community radio grew, on average, by a significant 1,386 percent between 2000 and 2006. Asia and Latin America have also seen remarkable ... community radio booms. This has been due mainly to the widespread liberalization of the airwaves, the falling costs of the necessary technology, and a thirst for alternatives to government-controlled and commercial media. International aid agencies are showing ever greater interest in community media’s ability to inform and empower. More governments are acknowledging the contribution of community media to education, public health, and economic development and are creating policy and legal frameworks to enable its expansion. Nevertheless, community radio still faces repression in many countries. This report explores the reasons for this expansion and the constraints and challenges community radio still faces. It also looks at community radio’s record in terms of development and examines its real achievements against its ideals. For purposes of this report, community radio is defined as radio by and for the community, be it a physical community or a community of interest, with an emphasis on community ownership and management on a not-for-profit basis. Wider and more hybrid definitions are acknowledged and explored, and community radio’s differences from vernacular, fundamentalist, and hate radio are clarified. The report also points out where community radio is most prevalent in the developing world and the reasons for this, looking especially at the kind of pro-freedom policies that allow it to thrive and what positive change is possible where community radio works well. A short case study takes a more detailed look at India, where community radio was only recently allowed. The major challenge for community radio continues to be economic survival and sustainability beyond donor and NGO support. Various models are explored, including some new initiatives that emphasize a more business-oriented approach than has been the case in the past. Another big challenge is the right of community radio to exist at all. The record of the support given by the World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters (AMARC, in the French acronym) is examined in light of these continuing struggles, as well as the work of national-level platforms also engaged in advocacy." (Executive summary, page 5) more

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News on the Go: How Mobile Devices Are Changing the World’s Information Ecosystem

Dale Peskin

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 26 pp.

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Iraq’s News Media After Saddam: Liberation, Repression, and Future Prospects

Sherry Ricchiardi

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 46 pp.

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Evaluating the Evaluators: Media Freedom Indexes and What They Measure

John Burgess

Washington, DC; Philadelphia: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA); Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) (2010), 63 pp.

"The organizations that conduct country rankings should continue to increase technical sophistication, cultural neutrality, and transparency. In particular, continued attention must be paid to digital media, notably the Internet and mobile phones, which now number approximately 4.6 billion worldwide ... more

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The Pentagon, Information Operations, and International Media Development

Peter Cary

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 43 pp.

External Link (96)

Cash for Coverage: Bribery of Journalists Around the World

Bill Ristow

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 33 pp.

"With all the organized efforts to support media development and defend press freedom around the world, there has been remarkably little done in any concerted way to reduce the problem of corrupt journalism", states this report. Ristow proposes that international journalism organizations should issu ... more

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U.S. Government Funding for Media Development

Laura Mottaz

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 11 pp.

The report analyzes spending on media development by the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), which budgeted $140.7 million for media development efforts in FY 2010. This figure represents a dramatic increase when compared with the $68.9 million spent only ... more

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Broadcasting in UN Blue: The Unexamined Past and Uncertain Future of Peacekeeping Radio
Deep Insights

Bill Orme

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 73 pp.

"For almost twenty years, United Nations peacekeeping missions have set up local radio stations in conflict-prone countries - 14 to date, seven of which remain in operation. According to this report, some of the fourteen peacekeeping radio stations implemented by the United Nations contributed more ... more

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Winds from the East: How the People’s Republic of China Seeks to Influence the Media in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia

Douglas Farah, Andy Mosher

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 32 pp.

"The People's Republic of China is seeking to influence the media in Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia through a variety of means: direct aid to state-run media in the form of radio transmitters and financing for national satellites; the provision of content and technology to allies and pote ... more

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Shifting Sands: The Impact of Satellite TV on Media in the Arab World

Deborah Horan

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 30 pp.

"The political landscape of individual countries, including their level of internal legitimacy and perceived vulnerability to political extremists, influences the level of media freedom enjoyed in that country at any given moment. In many MENA countries, media freedom is a privilege bestowed by mona ... more

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Libel Tourism: Silencing the Press Through Transnational Legal Threats

Drew Sullivan

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 41 pp.

"This report by Drew Sullivan, a journalist, editor, and media development specialist, explains how lawsuits can force media organizations to censor themselves or limit the distribution of their news content, restricting freedom of expression and thus threatening one of the foundations of democracy. ... more

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Covering Corruption: The Difficulties of Trying to Make a Difference

Rosemary Armao

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 37 pp.

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U.S. Universities and Media Development

Anne Nelson

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 27 pp.

"In July 2010, World Journalism Education Council gathered more than 400 journalism educators from about 50 countries for the second World Journalism Education Congress in South Africa. There was broad recognition that social media has become a major force in the field that cannot be marginalized an ... d that Africa has become a world-class incubator for media innovation. At the August meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Eric Newton carried these ideas a step farther, laying out the “four transformations” for U.S. journalism programs. Journalism schools are: 1. Becoming better connected to other university disciplines and departments, expanding the definition of what it means to be a journalist; 2. Playing an increasing role as content and technology innovators; 3. Emerging as promoters of collaborative, open approaches and models; 4. Becoming news providers that understand the ecosystem of their communities. In the digital age, journalism schools are trying to engage more deeply with the people we used to call the audience. These transformations are even more urgently required in the field of media development. In the future, media development projects will originate in an ever-widening pool of university departments. These will include law, public health, library science, computer science, international relations, visual design, and even architecture and urban planning, where striking advances in mapping applications are taking place. Nonetheless, programs that specialize in data will also require skills from the traditional journalism toolkit: verification, story-telling ability, and contextualization. Academia could be an ideal setting for this exchange of ideas, a meeting place between core values and technological innovation. Universities could also provide a space for frank discussion about the limitations of technology and the means to discern when new technologies offer concrete benefits to the user and when they constitute a distraction. These questions are even more critical in resource-poor societies in the developing world. To achieve these ends, more coordination is needed, both within and among universities, to serve as a critical bridge–between North and South, between technologists and humanists, between social media and traditional journalism." (Conclusion, page 23) more

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Experimentation and Evolution in Private U.S. Funding of Media Development: A Report

Anne Nelson

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 25 pp.

External Link (92)

Under Attack: Practicing Journalism in a Dangerous World

Bill Ristow

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 46 pp.

"This report examines the key issues surrounding threats to the physical safety of journalists, particularly in countries with hostile media environments. While acknowledging the serious impact of repressive measures such as imprisonment, the focus of the report is sharply on incidents of violence. ... more

External Link (106)

Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States
Deep Insights

Mary Myers

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 64 pp.

"This publication describes the main media assistance funders outside the USA in an alphabetical fashion from 'Arab States' to 'United Kingdom', complemented by data on the European Commission (EC), UNESCO and UNDP. The EC is likely to be the biggest single funder of media development projects besid ... more

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Challenges to U.S. Government Support for Media Development

Andrew Green

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 22 pp.

"Media play a pivotal role in U.S. foreign policy, but the two U.S. government bodies most directly involved in media development assistance - the State Department's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) - face significant resour ... more

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The Role of New Media in the 2009 Iranian Elections

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 7 pp.

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Media Literacy: Empowering Youth Worldwide

Paul Mihailidis

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 30 pp.

"Government agencies, NGOs, foundations, and private developers looking to support civic and democratic endeavors in the developing world should be made aware of media literacy as a key educational component for developing stable democratic discourse. This report explores support and development of ... more

Broadcasting in UN Blue: The Unexamined Past and Uncertain Future of Peacekeeping Radio Deep Insights

Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States Deep Insights

Broadcasting in UN Blue: The Unexamined Past and Uncertain Future of Peacekeeping Radio
Deep Insights

Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States
Deep Insights