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Media and Information Literacy

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 13 pp.

"Media and Information Literacy (MIL) plays an essential role in helping people navigate the media. It helps them separate fact from fiction, exercise their right to access information and be active members of the media ecosystem. DW Akademie’s goal is to empower young people to be active and act ... more

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The Next Generation of Media and Information Literacy

Lena Nitsche

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 9 pp.

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Sostenibilidad de medios comunitarios en la Red CORAPE

Patricio Cerón Llive, Jorge Guachamín

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie; Coordinadora de Radios Populares y Educativas del Ecuador (CORAPE) (2020), 33 pp.

"La Coordinadora de Medios Comunitarios, Populares y Educativos de Ecuador (CORAPE) es la red de medios comunitarios más grande de Ecuador y desde 2016 ha sido socio principal de DW Akademie en el país sudamericano. Entre 2016 y 2019 ambas organizaciones ejecutaron un proyecto financiado por el Mi ... nisterio de Cooperación Económica y Desarrollo alemán (BMZ) cuyo objetivo era el de fortalecer los medios comunitarios de Ecuador en su labor de brindar acceso a información a poblaciones vulnerables, especialmente en lenguas indígenas. Una línea central de este proyecto fue la sostenibilidad financiera de medios comunitarios, que históricamente ha sido uno de los grandes problemas que ha enfrentado este sector. La viabilidad económica de los medios comunitarios se vio agravada durante el proyecto debido a cambios económicos y políticos en el país: la caída del precio del petróleo y la reestructuración del estado por la crisis fiscal, llevaron a una drástica reducción de los ingresos por publicidad en los medios comunitarios. El proyecto se construyó de manera participativa con miembros de la red de CORAPE. Para ello se definieron cuatro enfoques de sostenibilidad financiera (publicidad; proyectos productivos y emprendimientos; alianzas y articulaciones; producción de programas) y se acordaron una serie de herramientas metodológicas. Una selección de ocho medios comunitarios, diversos en su carácter, constitución y en sus fuentes de financiamiento, participaron en un proceso de autoanálisis, asesorías externas e intercambios entre pares con el objetivo de buscar soluciones de sostenibilidad. De esta manera se lograron definir una serie de procesos y crear herramientas especializadas que pueden ser aplicadas en otros medios de la red, así como otros medios comunitarios en el mundo. Esta publicación se divide en tres capítulos. El primero de ellos presenta los antecedentes, justificación de este proyecto, y la metodología aplicada. El segundo capítulo muestra los aprendizajes y buenas prácticas de cuatro de los medios comunitarios que participaron de este proceso. Finalmente, el último de los capítulos recomienda ocho pasos y herramientas a seguir, que son el aprendizaje de este proyecto, para que los medios comunitarios puedan alcanzar la sostenibilidad." (Página 7) more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Uganda

Dennis Reineck, Luise Krumm

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 25 pp.

"Young Ugandans are reluctant to voice their concerns and take part in public discussions according to indicative findings from the MIL INDEX country study presented here. The eight focus groups conducted for the study in Kampala and Bugembe early in 2019 revealed that youths are using both traditio ... nal and social media extensively, but discussions of political and public issues take place mainly in closed circles on platforms like WhatsApp. “It is a suffocated environment,” says media expert Gerald Businge. This MIL INDEX study is aimed at obtaining a concise picture of media- and information-related skills amongst youths under the age of 35 in Uganda. It addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) based on DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. The focus group participants see themselves living in the “the dot-com era” though access to the Internet and even television is far from universal in Uganda. The smartphone is the most popular device and it serves as a benchmark when judging more traditional media (radio, television, and newspapers). Social media are used alongside traditional media, but there is a feeling that traditional media, especially radio, are losing touch with the Ugandan youth of today. There is a general neglect of printed media, based on an aversion to long reads and often also difficulties in understanding them. Some participants feel they are addicted to social media and online messengers. When it comes to analytical skills, the Ugandan youths in the focus groups are not very critical of the media environment they live in despite the overwhelming evidence that state control, intimidation, and media concentration are problems in Uganda. But they do pick up on news bias and sensationalism. They are also aware of the fact that online sources and social media information should not be trusted blindly. Participants can differentiate between quality and tabloid-type media, but an alarming proportion does not know their constitutional right to freedom of expression. The level of reflection on the part of focus group participants is medium to low. They can render many cases of cyberbullying/hate speech, disinformation and cybercrime, though they are not always aware of the difference. Especially the examples of cyber-harassment that are recounted in the focus groups reveal that female youths are primarily targeted. At the same time there seems to be little in the way of counselling for victims and there was not enough reflection of the background to such malevolent forms of communication. Strategies in coping with them are not very elaborate, though some groups did mention methods of verification in the context of disinformation several times. There is considerable potential for support when it comes to dealing with cyberbullying, cyber-harassment, hate speech and cybercrime." (Executive summary) more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Namibia

Dennis Reineck

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 25 pp.

"Young Namibians are embracing the digital transformation, according to indicative findings from the present MIL INDEX country study. Interestingly, the youths that took part in eight focus groups conducted at the end of 2018 in Windhoek and Rundu are immersed in digital communication but are aware ... of the ambivalent nature of the news and information sources they find on social media and related Internet services. The importance of a critical mindset when navigating the World Wide Web was stressed by the eight experts interviewed as part of the study. This MIL INDEX study addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) according to DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. The focus groups conducted for this study reveal that there is a rural/urban divide in terms of access and use of media. The more rural (and older) groups use radio and television on a regular basis, while the more urban (and younger) groups tend to regard traditional media as yesterday’s media. This shift is in line with the rise of social media. Information uptake is coincidental and journalistic content is intermingled with all sorts of trivia when consumed in social networks. Smartphones are regarded by many as a substitute for newspapers, radio, and television. Amongst those who continue using traditional media, radio is turned to more often for information while TV is regarded more as an entertainment medium. Considering analytical skills, there is a certain disenchantment of the Namibian youths with journalistic media, the reporting being considered not close enough to the interests and issues of the youth. But it was interesting to find that the focus group participants’ appraisal of media in terms of trustworthiness is the exact opposite of their consumption patterns. While the discussions documented frequent use of social media these are evaluated as least trustworthy, whereas newspapers are rated highly on the trustworthiness scale but were hardly ever read. There is an awareness of the ambivalent quality of news and information on social media, but the youths cannot always name sources they consider produce high-quality information. The results in the reflection dimension are ambivalent. The youths can recount numerous cases of cyberbullying and disinformation (“fake news”). But the accompanying survey shows that while they reject hate speech and disinformation, there is a certain willingness to accept cyberbullying as given. This is echoed in the focus groups where participants’ advice is often to ignore hateful messages, rather than do something about them. However, the groups do discuss many other strategies in coming to terms with and combatting cyberbullying and disinformation. Rarely do they reflect the motivations that lie behind such behavior. It was also interesting to note that disinformation is mainly discussed with regards to online rather than traditional media." (Executive summary) more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Côte D’Ivoire

Luise Krumm, Dennis Reineck

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 27 pp.

"Young Ivorians are adept at using digital media. They are creative when it comes to using digital media and many have developed strategies to cope with media malpractices such as cyberbullying or hate speech. These are two significant, indicative findings from the present MIL INDEX country study. B ... oth seem very impressive considering the challenges of high illiteracy rates and the strongly politicized national media landscape in Côte d’Ivoire. The results of the study are drawn from eight focus groups conducted in the beginning of 2019 in Abidjan and Bouaké and interviews with eight local experts. They confirm that young people are very good at using and creating content on social media but urgently need better critical, analytical, and reflective skills. This MIL INDEX study is aimed at obtaining a concise picture of media- and information-related skills amongst youths under the age of 35 in Côte d’Ivoire. It addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) according to DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. In terms of access the focus groups conducted for this study reveal that young urban and semi-urban Ivorians use a variety of different media for purposes such as consuming information, communication, entertainment, education, or business information. Digital media, particularly social media platforms and instant messengers, are the most used and most popular among this age group and are generally preferred over traditional media. Nonetheless, radio and television are still valued for their auditory and visual input which are significant characteristics considering the high illiteracy rates of about 40,4 % present in Côte d’Ivoire (UIS, 2018). A divide between more urban and more rural regions is visible in the case of radio programs, which are more popular in more rural settings. The focus groups suggest this is due to the fact that local radio stations are often the only media which provide news relevant to more remote areas. Most other media show a tendency to focus only on news from the capital. Printed media are widely regarded as too costly and outdated by Ivorian youths. The results of the analysis dimension indicate that most focus group participants possess a good digital and media knowledge while at the same time many lack awareness of their rights to freedom of expression and access to information. Striking was that youths generally consider content provided by traditional media to be more trustworthy, but mainly consume social media content. This and often very loose definitions of what media quality means showed that there is still room for improvement when it comes to the young people’s analytical skills. Overall, urbanites seem to question the trustworthiness of media content slightly more than youths from more rural regions. Results from the reflection dimension confirm that Ivorian youths are constantly exposed to malevolent forms of communication and media malpractices such as cyberbullying, hate speech, sexual harassment, and disinformation. Most young people show strong abilities when it comes to recognizing media problems and using prevention or coping strategies to handle them. Exceptions are politically motivated disinformation and biased reporting which are taken as normal in the Ivorian context. Due to this tendency towards normalization only very few young people reflect critically upon this media malpractice. Reflection on a deeper level such as on the impact of media messages or motivations of news outlets is often missing among young people." (Executive summary) more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Ghana

Dennis Reineck, Luise Krumm

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 27 pp.

"Ghana’s youth is embracing digital. According to the representative survey conducted for DW Akademie’s MIL INDEX study, three quarters of 15-25-year-olds own a smartphone. Over 70 % report going online with a mobile phone as well as using Facebook and WhatsApp on a weekly basis. Use of several ... more

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From Start to Success: A Handbook for Digital Media Entrepreneurs
Key Guides

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 83 pp.

"This media viability handbook is unique in that it has been written by media startups themselves and presents the learnings of 21 digital pioneers including the Philippines' Rappler, Egypt's Mada Masr and Animal Politico in Mexico. The pages are filled with tips and information these media startups ... more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Kenya

Dennis Reineck, Georg Materna, Luise Krumm

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 27 pp.

"The young generation in Kenya rejects disinformative and hateful communication. When asked for their opinion on these matters in a representative survey, a majority of 15-25-year-olds evaluated them as “not to be trusted” and “not funny”. This is one of the most important results of DW Akad ... more

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Media Viability in the CORAPE Network

Patricio Cerón Llive, Jorge Guachamín

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie; Coordinadora de Radios Populares y Educativas del Ecuador (CORAPE) (2020), 33 pp.

"The Coordinadora de Medios Comunitarios, Populares y Educativos de Ecuador (CORAPE) is the biggest network of community media in Ecuador, and since 2016 has been the main partner of DW Akademie in that South American country. Between 2016 and 2019 the two organizations implemented a project finance ... more

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Measuring Beyond Money: The Media Viability Indicators (MVIs)

Laura Moore, Ann Hollfield, Nadine Jurrat, Gerwin de Roy

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 7 pp.

"This paper presents a new set of indicators to assess the viability of news media at a time when the discussion about the survival of quality media is omnipresent, while systematic, fact-based strategies to tackle the problem are omni-absent. As digital transformation is sweeping through the media ... more

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"Big changes start small": Geschichten von Menschen, die etwas bewegen. Ein Wirkungsbericht

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 97 pp.

"Die DW Akademie sammelt und dokumentiert die Wirkungen ihrer Projekte auf verschiedenen Ebenen, mit verschiedenen Methoden. Dazu zählen zunächst drei Wege, die heute Standard in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sind: erstens angewandte Studien, die neues Wissen über Wirkungen ermöglichen, zweiten ... more

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"Big Changes Start Small": Stories of People Making a Difference. An Impact Report

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 97 pp.

"DW Akademie collects and documents the impacts of its projects through a range of methods. There are three approaches that are currently standard in development cooperation: Applied studies, which enable new insights on impacts, impact-oriented monitoring performed with local partners in the course ... more

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Radios pospandemia: Manual de herramientas y estrategias para medios comunitarios ante la nueva normalidad
Key Guides

Inés Binder, Santiago García Gago

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 63 pp.

"La primera parte presenta una serie de herramientas disponibles para producir, grabar y transmitir. No se trata de un compilado de software ya conocido por las radios –como editores de audio o automatizadores– sino de una propuesta integral de trabajo colaborativo descentralizado. Son, práctic ... more

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Threat Modeling Guide: How to Identify Digital Risks in International Development Projects
Key Guides

Daniel Moßbrucker

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 52 pp.

"Each section of this guide will explore another dimension of digital security—assets, attackers, risks and likelihood—and address these key questions: What do I want to protect? Who are my attackers? Is my attacker able to succeed? How likely is it that my attacker will succeed? Threat modeling ... more

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Puentes de comunicación: Cómo cubrir la migración y el refugio venezolanos. Guía y glosario para periodistas, comunicadores y medios
Key Guides

Efecto Cocuyo; Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 188 pp.

"Para contribuir a que las sociedades entiendan de una mejor manera los problemas a los que se enfrentan los migrantes y busquen en conjunto soluciones que mejoren la convivencia, nació Puentes de Comunicación. El proyecto está impulsado por el medio digital venezolano Efecto Cocuyo y la organiza ... more

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Radios in the Post-Pandemic World. Confronting the New Normal: A Manual of Tools and Strategies for Community Radios
Key Guides

Inés Binder, Santiago García Gago

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 63 pp.

"In the first section, a set of tools for content production, recording and transmission is introduced. Beyond simply providing a list of software already used by radios—such as audio editing and broadcast automation software—this manual’s aim is to develop a comprehensive proposal for decentr ... more

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Evaluation report executive summary Ecuador. Strengthening the community media sector: Alternative business models and digital innovation in Ecuador

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 4 pp.

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Evaluation Report Executive summary Colombia. Dealing with the aftermath of the conflict: Access to human rights-related information and sensitive reporting of local media in Colombia

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 3 pp.

"DW Akademie’s project in Colombia supports initiatives that promote the inclusion of diverse experiences in the country’s historical memory, focusing in particular on the local effects of the peace process. In general, these initiatives are aimed at giving Colombians, mainly victims and people ... more

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Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users
Deep Insights

Dennis Reineck, Roland Schürhoff, Jan Lublinski

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 19 pp.

"While global youth is often referred to as a fairly homogeneous generation of digital natives, data drawn from a survey in Jordan, Moldova, and Uganda suggests that this is not the case. Based on an instrument for measuring digital and news literacy, this paper presents a typology of five personae: ... more

From Start to Success: A Handbook for Digital Media Entrepreneurs Key Guides

Radios pospandemia: Manual de herramientas y estrategias para medios comunitarios ante la nueva normalidad Key Guides

Threat Modeling Guide: How to Identify Digital Risks in International Development Projects Key Guides

Puentes de comunicación: Cómo cubrir la migración y el refugio venezolanos. Guía y glosario para periodistas, comunicadores y medios Key Guides

Radios in the Post-Pandemic World. Confronting the New Normal: A Manual of Tools and Strategies for Community Radios Key Guides

Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users Deep Insights

From Start to Success: A Handbook for Digital Media Entrepreneurs
Key Guides

Radios pospandemia: Manual de herramientas y estrategias para medios comunitarios ante la nueva normalidad
Key Guides

Threat Modeling Guide: How to Identify Digital Risks in International Development Projects
Key Guides

Puentes de comunicación: Cómo cubrir la migración y el refugio venezolanos. Guía y glosario para periodistas, comunicadores y medios
Key Guides

Radios in the Post-Pandemic World. Confronting the New Normal: A Manual of Tools and Strategies for Community Radios
Key Guides

Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users
Deep Insights