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Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
24
Election Campaigns: Social Media
21
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
18
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
16
Twitter & Microblogs
12
Facebook
10
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
9
Social Media
9
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
8
Digital Political Communication
8
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
6
Politics and Media
6
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
5
Political Blogging
5
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
4
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
4
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
4
Polarization, Political Polarization
4
Political Communication
4
Propaganda
4
Political Transition and Media
4
Election Campaigns
3
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
3
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
3
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Censorship
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
War Reporting
2
Digital Anthropology, Cyberanthropology
2
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
2
Political Websites & Online Communities
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Election Reporting
2
Democracy / Democratization and Media
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Spheres
2
Manipulation
2
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Behavior Tracking & Cookies
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Prosumers & User Self-Marketing
1
Gaming: Uses & Effects
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Opinion Polls, Public Opinion Research
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Political Campaigns
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Government Propaganda
1
Local Government Communication Strategies
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Aesthetics in Media & Communication
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Memes
1
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Convergence of Media
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
1
Internet
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Bots
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
TikTok
1
Twitch (Video Games Live-Streaming Platform)
1
Hashtags
1
YouTube
1
WhatsApp
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
1
ICTs and Development
1
ICT4D Research
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Gaming, Video Games
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Good Practice Examples
1
China: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Television Landscapes
1
Media Law & Regulation
1
Emruz (Website, Iran)
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Arab Spring (2010-2012)
1
Coup d'Etat
1
Anticommunism
1
Populism
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Election Monitoring
1
Framing
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
1
Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt)
1
Antisemitism
1
Religion and Politics
1
Focus Groups & Group Discussions (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Civil Society
1
Ethnocentrism
1
Networks & Networking
1
Digital Media Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This study identified three local or subregional incidents that led to heated debates on Twitter: a video shared on Twitter of the sexual assault of a woman on Cairo’s Tahrir Square in June 2014, anti-fracking protests in southern Algeria in early 2015, and Saudi Arabia’s military intervention ... more

Social Media: Enduring Principles

Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2016), xviii, 302 pp.
"Social media are now widely used for political protests, campaigns, and communication in developed and developing nations, but available research has not yet paid sufficient attention to experiences beyond the US and UK. This collection tackles this imbalance head-on, compiling cutting-edge researc ... more

Redes sociodigitales en México

México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica (FCE) (2015), 194 pp.

Guidelines for the Development of a Social Media Code of Conduct for Elections

Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) (2015), 18 pp.
"This document provides general guidelines for electoral management bodies (EMBs) and other stakeholders, including political parties, candidates, citizen journalists and other social media commentators, who wish to agree on a code of etiquette for the publication and dissemination of election-relat ... more

India's Gender Digital Divide: Women and Politics on Twitter

New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation (ORF) (2015), 8 pp.
"This study explores the spatial politics of Othering and whether women are marginalized in political conversations online in India. It's methodology consists of an analysis of 23,350 tweets over an eight-day period. It shows a significant underrepresentation of women in Twitter's political conversa ... more
"Russian President Vladimir Putin’s regime has taken control of the traditional media in Russia: TV, radio and newspapers. As Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu has stated, the Kremlin sees the mass media as a ‘weapon’. Now Russia’s leadership is trying to take control of social media to ... more
"In contrast to most recent studies focusing on how ICT and new media were catalysts for the 2007/08 post-election violence, this article will shed light on the role of Kiswahili and social media in the process of fostering participation in the 2013 general election campaigns. It takes a closer look ... more

Social Media and Political Participation

Bonn; Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2014), 35 pp.
"The study will begin by defining and classifying social media and will go on to explain the reach and role of these media in developing contexts, in particular when used for political communication, interaction and decision-making processes. In a second chapter, risks and benefits of social media a ... more

Social Media, Culture and Politics in Asia

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2014), xi, 350 pp.
"Leading media scholars from nine Asian nations focus on three main questions: How frequently do Asians use social media to access and discuss political information? Does the use of social media increase political participation? What political, social and cultural factors influence the impact of soc ... more
"Examining the opportunities presented by the real-time generation of new, relatively unregulated content online, Uncommon Grounds evaluates the prominent role that new media has come to play in artistic practices – and social movements – in the Arab world today. Analysing alternative forms of c ... more
"Das Buch konzentriert sich auf den Aspekt des möglichen Einsatzes von Blogs zur Schaffung einer Gegenöffentlichkeit. Dazu werden englischsprachige, ägyptische Blogs untersucht, die während der Revolte gegen das Mubarak-Regime erstellt wurden. Zentral ist dabei die Frage, ob und wie ägyptische ... more
"This article analyzes the term 'citizen journalism' against the backdrop of the Arab uprisings in order to show how it overlooks the local context of digital media practices. The first part examines videos emanating from Syria to illustrate how they blur the lines between acts of witnessing, report ... more
"Undoubtedly, politicians have awoken to the political power of social media and it will be increasingly adopted as a mainstream means of information distribution and communications as voters and young people are becoming more politically active in a number of the jurisdictions surveyed in this book ... more

Intervention Mali: Tracking Sentiment Across Social Media

Washington, DC: ConStrat (2013), 11 pp.
"Considering the lessons learned from US engagement in Iraq and especially Afghanistan, military engagement can only be sustained with the support of local populations. The concept of “winning hearts and minds” has emerged as an essential component of the counterinsurgency-counterterrorism doctr ... more
"This article will discuss recent trends in Malaysia’s media surrounding the 2013 general election (GE13). It will argue that the GE13 produced two important trends in the media industry. First, there was increased political-party participation in social media, citizen journalism and blogging. In ... more