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Journalistic Education in South East Europe

Sofia: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Program South East Europe (2014), 51 pp.

"A disadvantage that is present in all countries is the insufficient cooperation between the universities and media outlets. There are not enough internships available. Besides that, it should be mentioned that many students continue to work at a media outlet where they did their internship and ther ... more

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Google Scholar (89)

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Global Journalism Practice and New Media Performance

Yusuf Kalyango, David H. Mould (eds.)

Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (2014), 283 pp.

"Global Journalism Practice and New Media Performance provides an overview of new and traditional media in their political, economic and cultural contexts while exploring the role of journalism practice and media education. The authors examine media systems in 16 countries, including China, Russia a ... more

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Bridging the Cultural Gaps in Journalism Training and Education in Asia

Eric Loo

Singapore: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2013), 186 pp.

"Governments in parts of Asia and media scholars have alluded to a form of journalism that should reflect ‘Asian cultural values’ rather than defer to media practices and media cultures of the West. These are commonly attributed to a cultural preference for consensus rather than confrontation, o ... more

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Solomon Islands: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 16 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Media legislation includes the Broadcasting Act 1976, the Television (Amendment) Act 1996, the Telecommunications Act 2009 and the draft Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation Bill 2003. Freedom of speech, and freedom of the press are guaranteed through the Solomon Islands ... more

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Kiribati: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Ministry of Communication, Transport and Tourism Development (MCTTD) is responsible for regulation of media and telecommunications. Within the MCTTD the Broadcasting and Publications Authority (BPA ) is responsible for public service media. The Kiribati government has us ... more

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Nauru: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 11 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The key organisation is the Nauru Media Bureau, which is government-run. Relevant legislation: Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1974. No freedom of information legislation. Telecommunications have shifted from a state monopoly to a private monopoly. Media Systems: There is only o ... more

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Tuvalu: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Constitution protects freedom of expression, but there are no explicit references to freedom of media. Freedom of media was specifically included in the Tuvalu Media Corporation Act of 1993, but since being de-corporatised in 2008, the Tuvalu Media Department is no longe ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2013: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2013), xx, 317 pp.

External Link (64)

Global Investigative Journalism: Strategies for Support
Deep Insights

David E. Kaplan

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), 2nd ed. (2013), 61 pp.

"Global and regional networks of investigative journalists, backed by donors and fueled by globalization and an explosion in data and communications technology, are growing increasingly effective and sophisticated. Journalists are linking up as never before to collaborate on stories involving intern ... more

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Vanuatu: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The government broadcaster VBTC administers broadcast licences in Vanuatu. Under the Newspaper Act 1982, newspaper owners must be Vanuatu citizens. Freedom of expression is guaranteed in the constitution, but there is no specific protection for freedom of media, and threats ... more

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Niue: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Media and communication legislation in Niue includes the Communications Act 1989, the Communications Amendment Act 2000, the Broadcasting Act 1989, Radio Regulations 1972 and the Business License Act 1997. The Niuean Constitution doesn’t reference freedom of expression or ... more

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State of the Newsroom: South Africa 2013. Disruptions and Transitions

Glenda Daniels

Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, Wits Journalism (2013), vii, 100 pp.

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Tonga: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 16 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Freedom of the Press is guaranteed in Clause 7 of the constitution. Amendments to the constitution in 2003 enabled the government to restrict media freedom. The Communication Act 2000 allows the government to restrict or prohibit content or particular types of content, and r ... egulates the ways in which Tongan culture and identity are represented in the media. The Newspaper Act and Media Operators Act 2003 licenses newspapers as well as broadcasters, and includes a restriction on the importation and sale of foreign media. Media Systems: Technicians typically rely on bilateral assistance programs for donated (but usually old) equipment. Technicians purchase equipment online from companies primarily based in New Zealand. Engineers are keen to work together to pool resources and training from abroad. Tongan technicians are sent overseas for up-skilling, and special trainers are occasionally brought in from overseas; they also maintain their own relationships and seek advice from other technicians overseas. The National Plan for Emergency Information was formulated in 2007 and is undergoing revision. The National Emergency Management Office works with the Red Cross for disaster preparedness. Digicel works closely with the Disaster Management Committee to broadcast information immediately via mobile (SMS) and television; Radio Tonga is also a significant player. In the most recent events where early warning messages were delayed, TBC did not relay them for almost 25 minutes, and people were already on their way to work and school. Capacity Building: The Tonga Institute of Higher Education has Certificate and Diploma courses in journalism; all of the students in 2011 were women. TVET training is perceived as inadequate, with students who have undertaken media internships lacking practical or technical skills. TBC is currently the only active member of PINA in Tonga, and PasiMA has emerged as a player for members of private media. Local politics and competition between different individuals and organisations play a significant role in the success or failure of media associations and organisations in Tonga. Content: The balance and quality of international content as compared with locally produced content represents a key concern for members of the media industry. Tonga has a formal communications plan as part of the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change program (PACC) which focuses on delivery of climate change messages. Many of the messages about climate change need to be simplified, made relevant or translated into Tongan language and concepts. Media experts go to Tonga Family Health or the Government Centre for Women & Children - Ma’a Fafine mo e Famili - for information about NCDs. Tonga Health Promotion Foundation does not undertake any media training and has had little training on how to engage with the media or how media campaigns should work. Telecommunication companies (e.g., Broadcom and Digicel) have been particularly active in NCD awareness activities." (Summary of findings) more

Google Scholar (82)

WorldCat (83)

Cátedra UNESCO de comunicación: Encuentro nacional de investigación

José Miguel Pereira González, Daniel Valencia Nieto (eds.)

Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (2013), 89 pp.

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Safety and journalism

Erick Fernández Saldaña

In: Model Curricula for Journalism Education: A Compendium of New Syllabi

Fackson Banda (ed.)

Paris: UNESCO (2013), pp. 195-207

"This course aims to analyse the context in which journalists and communicators are working at local, national, regional and international level, and to help them to identify potential risks, to learn safe protocols and to know about those institutions and procedures that can help them." (Abstract)

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Marshall Islands: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Ministry of Transportation and Communication is responsible for registering broadcasting stations. Freedom of speech and the press are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. There is no media self-regulating body, and no media association. There is no FOI legislation. Telecom ... more

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Samoa: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Media and Communication Legislation in Samoa includes the Broadcasting Act 2010, Film Control Amendment Act 2010, Newspapers and Printers Act 1992-1993, Telecommunication Act 2005, Telecommunication Amendment Act 2007, Telecommunication Amendment Act 2008 and the Samoa Broad ... casting Corporation Act 2003. Section 13 of Samoa’s constitution guarantees freedom of expression, though there is no specific reference to freedom of the media. No freedom of information legislation in Samoa. The Broadcasting Act 2010 allowed for the establishment of a regulator within an Office of the Broadcasting Regulator. The Code of Ethics was developed by JAWS (Journalists Association of Western Samoa). The Telecommunication Act 2005 (with the 2007 and 2008 amendments) allowed for telecommunications regulatory responsibilities to be managed within the Office of the Broadcasting Regulator. Samoa has also developed policies in the area of ICTs and e-Government. Media Systems: There are no specific associations for technicians and no support networks; JAWS is not viewed as a successful network for technicians. Telecommunications technicians access knowledge within their companies. The primary media outlet in a disaster is the government AM radio broadcaster, 2AP (within the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology). There is also a National Emergency Telecommunications Plan that involves landline and mobile providers (Digicel and BlueSky Samoa). The Disaster Monitoring Office uses media strategically in the lead up to drills and awareness days, and has published locally produced videos online relating to disaster preparedness and awareness. Capacity Building: JAWS and PINA provide support to media professionals in SAMOA. PasiMA was also established with several representatives from Samoan media. Reliance on in-house training is not as easy for all local media outlets and the need to train junior staff is a drain on the time of senior staff. The Media and Journalism Department at the National University of Samoa (which merged with Samoa Polytechnic in 2006) offers a one-year certificate in journalism; an additional diploma year was added in response to industry dissatisfaction with the quality of graduates. The course curriculum is based on the Pacific Media Communication Facilities (PMCF) course design developed by PINA and is being implemented across the other TVETS in the Pacific (Fiji, PNG, Vanuatu and Tonga). A major challenge of the programs is that enrolling at the polytechnic is one of the only options for further education open to students who have not achieved high academic scores in the PSSV (Pacific Secondary School Certificate). Content: Samoa has made progress in relation to climate change awareness, and concern among the government, the media and the general public is reported to be medium or high. Little access to workshops and training for media professionals is reported on NCDs or climate change. Training is welcome, particularly for assistance with interpreting scientific reports written in English. Barriers to media coverage of NCD-related issues are reported to include confused messages due to the fragmentation of the health sector; a lack of awareness of who is responsible for health communication; lack of targeting of messages; and conflicting messages. Youth have been important to disaster awareness activities; the school curriculum includes climate change and disaster management with resource kits available for teachers from early childhood level through to secondary school." (Summary of findings) more

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Fiji: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 16 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Since the introduction of the government’s Media Decree in 2012, the Fiji Media Industry Development Authority censors and controls the media industry. The constitution guaranteeing freedom of the press has been suspended since 2009. Threats against local and international ... journalists and editors have been common since the military takeover. Some sections of the Fiji Media Council Code of Ethics are included in the Media Decree but others are left out. Regular amendments create a tense atmosphere in the Fijian media industry. Fiji government representatives nevertheless argue that the various decrees, which were put in place, have empowered the general population by giving them greater voice and improved their access to information. Media Systems: Fiji has had a National Disaster Management Plan since 1995. Radio Fiji and FM96 are used to communicate emergency warnings during natural disasters. The Early Warning System also includes SMS messages, warning sirens, cars with speakers, and word of mouth. Fiji has agreements with telecommunications companies to provide emergency calls for free. During 2011 floods, social network sites were used by people to access information. Most technicians have no formal training and there is no institution in Fiji offering broadcast technicians training. Technicians with formal training may have qualifications in related fields from Fiji National University. There is no formal network of technicians in Fiji. Informal networks and internet forums are used to seek advice and information. FemLINKpacific trains women in content production using radio, video and mobile suitcase transmitters. Capacity Building: Several education and training initiatives are available in the area of media and communications in Fiji; the main institutions are USP and FNU. Fiji is an education hub for the region. Journalists also receive on the job training, and access training and workshops offered by SPC and UN agencies. Recent training has focused on media law training in relation to the new regulations and amendments. FNU offers vocational courses in journalism, media production, and technical skills, and film production. FNU’s completion rate is 80 per cent. Graduate outcomes are recorded. Many graduates choose to work in the NGO sector. FNU is challenged by a shortage of teachers. There is no media association in Fiji. The Fiji Media Council closed following the changes in legislation in 2009 and 2010. Content: Climate change is a national priority. USP is playing a leading role in using participatory approaches to climate change communication. There is a lack of awareness of the impacts of climate change in the general community. There is a reported ‘jargon gap’; bridging this gap is seen as important. There is no targeted training around NCDs for journalists. Climate change communication occurs across many media outlets including radio, TV, Several communication initiatives on the topic of NCDs have been broadcast in Fiji, including radio campaigns and TV documentaries. These are in conjunction with inter-personal communication methods." (Summary of findings) more

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Republic of Palau: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 11 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Communications Division within the Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Industries and Commerce is responsible for licensing and regulation of the communications industry, including licensing and handling complaints. Freedom of media is guaranteed in the constitution and i ... more

External Link (94)

Media Sustainability Index 2012: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Africa

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2013), xix, 455 pp.

Global Investigative Journalism: Strategies for Support Deep Insights

Global Investigative Journalism: Strategies for Support
Deep Insights