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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
30
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
15
Humanitarian Law
11
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
9
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
7
Media Law & Regulation
7
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
6
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
5
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
5
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
5
War Reporting
5
Human Rights Protection
5
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
4
Freedom of Expression
3
Female Journalists & Media Workers
3
United Nations (UN)
3
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Media / Communication Control
2
United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
2
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
2
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
2
Defamation Law & Regulation
2
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
2
Council of Europe
2
Media & Communication Policies
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radios
1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Foreign Correspondents
1
Diplomacy
1
European Union (EU)
1
OECD
1
OSCE
1
UNESCO
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Local Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Religious Freedom
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Photographers
1
Personal Safety
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Public Media, State Media
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
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"Jamal Khashoggi is known for his very sharp critics to Saudi Arabian Governments. He was murdered at the Consulate facility of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul-Turkey. The case has become a concern of international society, put the questions of freedom of expression and press as well the security of journa ... more

Safe+Secure Handbook

DOC Funders Network (2017), 59 pp.
"Getting to the heart of stories by asking the really tough questions and going places where no one wants to go. That’s documentary at its best. This Safe+Secure Handbook has been designed to help filmmakers get there—and back—and get their stories into the public domain as safely as possible. ... more
"This study will contain an analysis on the international and regional standards in the field of freedom of expression, as stipulated in the United Nations conventions and in the European Convention of Human Rights. Further we will establish a link between the breach of the freedom of expression whe ... more

The Protection of Citizen Journalists During Armed Conflicts

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 267-278
"Digital technologies are changing the way in which journalism is performed. Today, reports by citizen journalists (CJs) are extremely relevant when traditional journalists cannot access hostile and dangerous areas. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 90% of murdered reporters were lo ... more

The United Nations’ Role in Promoting the Safety of Journalists from 1945 to 2016

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 45-60
"The United Nations (UN) has played an increasing role in promoting the safety of journalists. Yet little has been done to study its work from a historical perspective. This paper explores global attempts to promote journalist safety carried out by the UN system, from its inception in 1945 until 201 ... more
"International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has long-claimed that recognition as a civilian is critical to a journalist's safety during war, but the new US Manual blurs that line and says journalists must better understand the distinction between civilians and combatants. Given the fact that journalists m ... more
"The research documents how, despite immense ongoing challenges, in Afghanistan, Iraq, Nepal and Pakistan, some important advances have been made to develop joint structures and innovative approaches to defend the practice of journalism. It examines the long road Colombia has followed in the establi ... more
"This Handbook is primarily for use by media professionals who report from conflict zones. It is a practical and accessible guide to the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) that protect media professionals and their work in armed conflict. It also considers the IHL responsibilities that me ... more
"Violence against journalists has emerged as a global human rights issue as the number of those killed in the profession has steadily risen in the new millennium. This research utilized a collective action framework, applying an adapted qualitative network model to examine organizational mobilizatio ... more
"The non-international armed conflicts prevailing in the Middle East nowadays, have been witnessing a large number of atrocities committed against journalists. The study examined the extent to which international humanitarian law is able to provide special protection for Non-embedded (independent) j ... more
"On 13 April 2016, the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers adopted its Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 on the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other media actors. This is a continuation of the Committee of Ministers’ engagement with the topic, following its adoption of ... more
"The article deals with the issue of establishing criminal liability for crimes against journalists. Areas of research on this subject are identified. The basic research and publications on issues are reviewed. The need for introducing such liability is investigated. It is indicated that several spe ... more
"Is journalism under threat? The image of journalists, as helmeted war correspondents protected by bullet-proof vests and armed only with cameras and microphones, springs to mind. Physical threats are only the most visible dangers, however. Journalists and journalism itself are facing other threats ... more
"During the last decade, the image of war correspondents in the news has shifted dramatically. Reports are no longer full of cheerleading stories of embedded journalists. Instead, stories of war reporters being attacked, kidnapped or injured prevail. Sadly, the former heroic witnesses to war have be ... more
"This paper serves as an overview of the global pattern of crimes committed against media workers, the impunity connected with such acts, and the steps both the international community and individual states have taken to confront the situation. The first chapter introduces the magnitude of the trend ... more
"How is freedom of expression in Pakistan’s digital spaces governed? What protections do journalists and bloggers enjoy? What is censored and how conducive is the environment for political and religious expression online? This research looks at these questions within the premise of an internationa ... more
"El Manual tiene el propósito de presentar los contenidos principales de las recientes reformas normativas en estos temas con el objetivo de que las y los comunicadores cuenten con una herramienta de apoyo para su labor comunicativa y de difusión [...] La reforma constitucional en materia de derec ... more
"This seminar generated discussions that were as detailed as they were dynamic. The present conclusions attempt to give a representative sense of those discussions rather than a full summary, as such. A wealth of materials – seminar presentations, a full transcript of the discussions and related i ... more
"Worried by the rising incidence of arrests, detention, jail, harassment and even murder of journalists across the world, all of which are crimes against press freedom, this paper takes a look at the reasons for the unpunished offences against press men and women and examines the efforts made to com ... more