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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
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Journals
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Introducing Vigilant Audiences
Cambridge: Open Book Publishers (2020), xiii, 342 pp.
"The authors engage with a range of cross-disciplinary perspectives in order to explore the actions of a vigilant digital audience — denunciation, shaming, doxing — and to consider the role of the press and other public figures in supporting or contesting these activities. In turn, the volume il
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Working Group on Infodemics: Policy Framework
Key Guides
Forum on Information & Democracy (2020), 127 pp.
"The Forum on Information & Democracy proposes a number of policy steps to democratic governments and their supporters. Transparency and accountability need to be shored up and content moderation should be done according to democratic mandates and oversight. The impact of new platforms where disinfo
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"Disinformation is an endemic and ubiquitous part of politics throughout the Western Balkans, without exception. A mapping of the disinformation and counter-dis in for mation landscapes in the region in the period from 2018 through 2020 reveals three key disinformation challenges: external challenge
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Key Considerations: Online Information, Mis- and Disinformation in the Context of COVID-19
Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) (2020), 8 pp.
"This brief sets out practical considerations relating to flows of information, misinformation and disinformation though online media, particularly social media networks, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It details various types of online media, key players and influencers on social media, a
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Liar’s War: Protecting Civilians from Disinformation During Armed Conflict
International Review of the Red Cross, volume 102, issue 914 (2020), pp. 659-682
"Disinformation in armed conflict may pose several distinctive forms of harm to civilians: exposure to retaliatory violence, distortion of information vital to securing human needs, and severe mental suffering. The gravity of these harms, along with the modern nature of wartime disinformation, is ou
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Strengthening Media Freedom: The Protection of Journalists in Europe, Hate Speech, Disinformation and the Role of Platforms
European Parliament (2020), 20 pp.
"European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2020 on strengthening media freedom: the protection of journalists in Europe, hate speech, disinformation and the role of platforms (2020/2009(INI))." (Introduction)
Bookmarks: A Manual for Combating Hate Speech Online Through Human Rights Education
Strasbourg: Council of Europe, revised ed. (2020), 213 pp.
"Hate speech is one of the most worrying forms of racism and discrimination prevailing across Europe and amplified by the Internet and social media. Hate speech online is the visible tip of the iceberg of intolerance and ethnocentrism. Young people are directly concerned as agents and victims of onl
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Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity
Key Guides
Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS); USAID (2020), [345 pp.]
"This resource combines the collective wisdom of organizations on the front lines of combatting disinformation globally. This living project provides an outline of what’s being done to address the challenge in key areas and provides a searchable database of the organizations around the world engag
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Child’s Play: Cooperative Gaming as a Tool of Deradicalization
Journal for Deradicalization, issue 23 (2020), pp. 96-132
"This research project contributes to the CVE (countering violent extremism) literature by studying narratives as tools of reflections on self-identity designed intentionally within gaming exercises to help contextualize and account for as much environmental complexity as possible. This paper provid
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Understanding the Infodemic and Misinformation in the Fight Against COVID-19
Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2020), 6 pp.
"Misinformation is false or inaccurate information deliberately intended to deceive. In the context of the current pandemic, it can greatly affect all aspects of life, especifically people’s mental health, since searching for COVID-19 updates on the Internet has jumped 50% –70% across all genera
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"Internews, Translators without Borders, and BBC Media Action collaborated to track and analyse rumours and misinformation circulating on social media in a range of languages. At the same time, Evidence Aid produced plain-language summaries of existing high-quality research to inform the decisions o
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"Video Unavailable": Social Media Platforms Remove Evidence of War Crimes
New York: Human Rights Watch (2020), 94 pp.
"Social media platforms are taking down “terrorist and violent extremist content” more and more quickly, often in response to the demands of governments, but in a way that prevents the content from being used to support investigations into serious crimes, including war crimes. “Video Unavailab
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Demand for Deceit: How the Way We Think Drives Disinformation
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2020), 38 pp.
"Just because the effectiveness of disinformation may be tied to innate aspects of human psychology does not mean that democratic societies are powerless to respond. Rather, civil society, journalists, and other stakeholders invested in the freedom and openness of the global information space should
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Talking Back: Journalists Defending Attacks Against Their Profession in the Trump Era
Journalism Studies, volume 21, issue 11 (2020), pp. 1496–1513
"According to neo-institutional theory, the survival of institutions in society is predicated on a cultural discourse. Dubbed “the institutional myth,” this discourse reflects the core values, practices and aspirations of an institution and legitimizes its existence to internal and external stak
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The Internet's Challenge to Democracy: Framing the Problem and Assessing Reforms
Geneva: Kofi Annan Foundation (2020), 65 pp.
"The unique dangers of the new communication revolution fall into several categories: Velocity – The lightning speed of online communication is in tension with democracy because well-timed lies immediately preceding an election can gain a national audience before they can be rebutted; Virality –
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Models of Governance of Online Hate Speech
Council of Europe (2020), 198 pp.
"For some users the current Internet epoch can be considered the Internet of Hate which poses serious human rights concerns. Reflecting the scale and seriousness of the problem, innovations in governance tools for online hate have been initiated by national governments, intergovernmental organisatio
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Redes sociales y plataformas de fact-checking contra la desinformación sobre la COVID-19
Hipertext.net, issue 21 (2020), pp. 79-92
"La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha generado una crisis sanitaria y comunicativa sin precedentes. A través de las plataformas digitales, se ha producido una ingente circulación de información falsa, inexacta o descontextualizada so-bre el coronavirus. Entre ella, cabe destacar los rumores, bulos y teo
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