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The Palgrave Handbook of Media Misinformation

Karen Fowler-Watt, Julian McDougall (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), xliv, 386 pp.

"The Palgrave Handbook of Media Misinformation provides a comprehensive and cutting-edge resource on the critical debates surrounding fake news and misinformation online. Spanning all continents and linking academic, journalistic, and educational communities, this collection offers authoritative cov ... more

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Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 2: Platform's Own Policies and Practices: What Problems Need Changing?

Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 7 pp.

"Platform policies lack clarity about the relationship between them, and also about how policies should be applied at global and local levels. How platforms understand and identify harms is insufficiently mapped to human rights standards, and there is a gap in how policy elements should deal with di ... more

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Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review
Deep Insights

Zurich: International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) (2023), 40 pp.

"This Synthesis Report provides a formal systematic review of scientific literature on countermeasures for mitigating digital misinformation. 588 peer-reviewed global publications from many disciplines were the focus of this study in order to highlight the most effective countermeasures for mitigati ... more

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WorldCat (235)

Disinformation in the Global South
Deep Insights

Herman Wasserman, Dani Madrid-Morales (eds.)

Guy Berger (foreword)

Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell (2022), xxv, 237 pp.

"In many parts of the Global South, coordinated political disinformation campaigns, rumor, and propaganda have long been a part of the social fabric, even before disinformation has become an area of scholarship in the Global North. The way disinformation manifests in this region, and responses to it ... more

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Media Freedom in Southeast Asia: Repeal Restrictive Laws, Strengthen Quality Journalism

Bangkok: Asia Centre; Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2022), 41 pp.

"This report proposes solutions on how best to equip journalists and other key actors to fulfil their vital role in a changing landscape. While censorship is an alluring option in the face of disinformation over the internet, it is important to find avenues to facilitate the responsible and ethical ... more

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Wetterfest durch den Shitstorm: Leitfaden für Medienschaffende zum Umgang mit Hass im Netz

Berlin: Neue deutsche Medienmacher (NdM); No Hate Speech Movement Deutschland, 5., überarb. Aufl. (2022), 69 pp.

External Link (186)

Regulating Harmful Content in Indonesia: Legal Frameworks, Trends, and Concerns

Faiz Rahman, Sri Handayani Nasution, Aridiva Firdharizki et al.

Yogyakarta: Center for Digital Society (2022), xi, 120 pp.

"Publication and dissemination of harmful content are constituted as criminal offenses according to Indonesian regulation. Consequently, all harmful content could be criminally prosecuted [...] Several terms used in the regulations are too broad (e.g., morality, public order, etc.) and may cause mul ... more

External Link (273)

Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation: State-Aligned Information Operations and the Distortion of the Public Sphere

Courtney Radsch

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2022), 28 pp.

"In light of the role played by state-aligned actors, the private sector and lawmakers in countries with strong democratic institutions should adopt policies that mitigate the ability of state actors to manipulate AI and weaponize communication platforms. Efforts to combat disinformation must recogn ... more

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Conflict and Online Space in the Sahel: Challenges and Recommendations

Jiaxuan Yue, Habibou Bako, Kelsey Hampton et al.

Brussels: Search for Common Ground (2022), 5 pp.

"With the growth of new social media users across the Sahel, existing conflict dynamics are increasingly manifesting. Sahelians are entering a complex digital space. The ability of individuals and communities to adapt to online/offline conflict dynamics will define the future of conflict in the regi ... more

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Online Antisemitism: A Toolkit for Civil Society

Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD); B’nai B’rith International; UNESCO (2022), 37 pp.

"As the online space becomes increasingly centre stage in the fight against antisemitism, this guide from ISD and B’nai B’rith International, in partnership with UNESCO, aims to build capacity among civil society to tackle this growing threat. Recognising the enormous capacity for positive actio ... more

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Technique-Based Inoculation Against Real-World Misinformation

Jon Roozenbeek, Cecilie S. Traberg, Sander Van der Linden

Royal Society Open Science, volume 9, issue 211719 (2022), 13 pp.

"In recent years, numerous psychological interventions have been developed to reduce susceptibility to misinformation. Inoculation theory has become an increasingly common framework for reducing susceptibility to both individual examples of misinformation (issue-based inoculation) and to the techniq ... more

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Content Moderation and Local Stakeholders in Kenya

Victor Kapiyo

Article 19; UNESCO (2022), 83 pp.

"This report specifically looks at the situation of local actors who, while they are impacted by the circulation of harmful content on social media or the moderation thereof, often find themselves unable to take effective action to improve their situation in that respect." (Introduction)

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Disinformation, Hoaxes, Curation and Verification: Review of Studies in Ibero-America 2017-2020

Javier Guallar, Lluis Codina, Pere Freixa, Pérez-Montoro Mario

Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 3 (2022), pp. 648-668

"This article is aligned with the recommendations of the main international organizations that fight against disinformation and infodemic, providing a review work that can be useful for researchers, professionals and scholars of the subject. Review articles like this one also help to establish futur ... more

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Google Scholar (228)

WorldCat (206)

Regulating Big Tech: Policy Responses to Digital Dominance
Deep Insights

Martin Moore, Damian Tambini (eds.)

New York: Oxford University Press (2022), xii, 368 pp.

"This book has compiled the tech policy debate into a toolkit for policy makers, legal experts, and academics seeking to address platform dominance and its impact on society today. It discusses the global consensus around technology regulation with recommendations of cutting-edge policy innovations ... more

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Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation

Angel Díaz, Laura Hecht-Felella

New York: Brennan Center for Justice (2022), 39 pp.

"While social media companies dress their content moderation policies in the language of human rights, their actions are largely driven by business priorities, the threat of government regulation, and outside pressure from the public and the mainstream media. This report demonstrates the impact of c ... more

External Link (340)

Good Practice Principles for Public Communication Responses to Mis- and Disinformation
Key Guides

Craig Matasick, Carlotta Alfonsi et al.

Paris: OECD (2022), 43 pp.

"1. Institutionalisation: Governments should consolidate interventions into coherent approaches guided by official communication and data policies, standards and guidelines [...] 2. Public interest driven: Public communication should strive to be independent from politicization in implementing inter ... more

External Link (268)

Disentangling untruths online: Creators, spreaders and how to stop them

Molly Lesher, Hanna Pawelec, Arpitha Desai

Paris: OECD (2022), 38 pp.

"While false rumours, inaccurate reporting, and conspiracy theories have existed for as long as there were people to create and spread them, the Internet has reshaped and amplified the ability to produce and perpetuate false and misleading content. Stopping the creators and spreaders of untruths onl ... more

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Atlas der Zivilgesellschaft. Freiheitsrechte unter Druck: Schwerpunkt Digitalisierung

Kai Schächtele, Ingo Dachwitz, Felix Zimmermann, Chris Köver, Christine Meissler, Martina Hahn, Sven Hilbig

München; Berlin: oekom Verlag; Brot für die Welt (2022), 86 pp.

"Vielfaltig, unzensiert, demokratiefördernd - das ist das Internet, hofften viele Menschen lange. Doch diese Attribute passen aus heutiger Sicht nicht - oder nur teilweise. Denn die großen digitalen Plattformen und das World Wide Web sind beides: Medien der Freiheit und der Kontrolle. Sie helfen d ... more

External Link (234)

Owning the Conversation: Assessing Responses to Russian and Chinese Information Operations Around COVID-19

Vera Zakem, Edward Lucas, James Lamond

Washington, DC: Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) (2022), 32 pp.

"Russia and China have created and amplified disinformation and propaganda about COVID-19 worldwide to sow distrust and confusion and to reduce social cohesion among targeted audiences. The United States government, the European Union, and multinational organizations have developed a series of inter ... ventions in response. These include exposing disinformation, providing credible and authoritative public health information, imposing sanctions, investing in democratic resilience measures, setting up COVID-19 disinformation task forces, addressing disinformation through regulatory measures, countering emerging threat narratives from Russia and China, and addressing the vulnerabilities in the information and media environment. Digital platforms, including Twitter, Meta, YouTube, and TikTok, have stepped up to counter COVID-19 disinformation and misinformation via policy procedures, takedowns of inauthentic content, addition of new product features, and partner with civil society and multinational organizations to provide credible and reliable information to global audiences. In addition, digital platforms are addressing COVID-19-related disinformation and misinformation stemming from a variety of state and non-state actors, including China and Russia. Several of these initiatives have proven to be effective, including cross-sectoral collaboration to facilitate identification of the threat; enforcement actions between civil society, governments, and digital platforms; and investment in resilience mechanisms, including media literacy and online games to address disinformation. Despite some meaningful progress, gaps in countering COVID-19 disinformation and propaganda stemming from Russia and China and unintentional misinformation spread by everyday citizens still exist. Closing these gaps will require gaining a deeper understanding of how adversaries think; aligning and refining transatlantic regulatory approaches; building coordination and whole-of- society information-sharing mechanisms; expanding the use of sanctions to counter disinformation; localizing and contextualizing programs and technological solutions; strengthening societal resilience through media, digital literacy, and by addressing digital authoritarianism; and building and rebuilding trust in democratic institutions." (Executive summary) more

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Brazil's Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation: Strategic Plan Elections 2022

Aline Rezende Peres Osorio, Frederico Franco Alvim, Giselly Siqueira et al.

Brasilia: Brazil Superior Electoral Court; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) (2022), 61 pp.

"The actions to be developed are distributed in three axes: (i) Inform, aimed at the dissemination of official, reliable and quality information; (ii) Empower, aimed at media literacy and training the whole of society to understand the phenomenon of disinformation and the functioning of the electora ... l process; and (iii) Respond, related to the identification of cases of disinformation and the adoption of strategies, both preventive and repressive, to contain its negative effects. For the 2022 electoral cycle, the first axis has five projects with their own purposes and goals. They are: (i) mass dissemination network of truthful and official information about elections and the Electoral Justice; (ii) chatbot – electoral queries on WhatsApp; (iii) access, dissemination and enhancement of the scope of fact checking on the electoral process; (iv) deepening electoral transparency; (v) development and improvement of other technological tools and digital channels to disseminate true and quality information. In this strategic point, the Court’s action is guided by the preferential position of freedom of expression, in the legal system, by encouraging plurality of information. Likewise, information actions meet the recommendations for “prophylactic” prebunking actions (that is, strategies to reduce citizens’ susceptibility to disinformation by exposing examples of how disinformation operates). The second axis, in turn, includes seven initiatives: (i) training for internal and external audiences on disinformation, on the integrity of Brazilian elections and on the fundamentality of the Electoral Justice as an institution that guarantees democracy; (ii) prevention of the mental health of members, agents and collaborators of the Electoral Justice who deal directly with actions to contain disinformation; (iii) training the internal and external public on the electoral process, including the functions performed by it in the context of the democratic rule of Law; (iv) awareness campaigns on disinformation and media and information education actions for the external public; (v) cooperation and actions to enhance reaching partners’ media and information literacy initiatives; (vi) dialog with political parties and party federations to make them aware of their responsibility in the context of fighting against disinformation; (vii) support to other public institutions to implement actions to confronting disinformation. Finally, the response axis encompasses eight projects: (i) permanent coalition for verification; (ii) engagement of digital platforms and their technological resources in confronting structured networks of disinformation and inauthentic behavior; (iii) reporting channel for mass shooting of content in partnership with WhatsApp; (iv) creating a network to monitor disinformation practices against the electoral process; (v) containment of disinformation on Telegram; (vi) partnership and dialog with the Federal Police and the Electoral Prosecutor Office; (vii) Strategic Cyberintelligence Committee and (viii) review and elaboration of norms that acts against the practice of disinformation in the Electoral Justice, as a way of preventing the phenomenon in question. Concerning to this point, the planning met the parameters of timely response, appreciation of fact checking, importance of engagement and transparency of platforms, as well as the expansion and improvement of channels for complaints." (Presentation, page 5-6) more

Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review Deep Insights

Disinformation in the Global South Deep Insights

Regulating Big Tech: Policy Responses to Digital Dominance Deep Insights

Good Practice Principles for Public Communication Responses to Mis- and Disinformation Key Guides

Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review
Deep Insights

Disinformation in the Global South
Deep Insights

Regulating Big Tech: Policy Responses to Digital Dominance
Deep Insights

Good Practice Principles for Public Communication Responses to Mis- and Disinformation
Key Guides