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Media Startups in Lebanon

Ali Rammal, Tony Mikhael, Nisrine Salhab, Roula Mikhael, Hussein Sheri

Deutsche Welle DW Akademie;Maharat Foundation (2018), 30 pp.

"There are 372 online media websites registered with the National Media Council; some are non-operational, while others use very basic design and graphics. They are also similar to existing media companies in terms of adopting a traditional economic, administrative and editorial model. In fact, ther ... more

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Cooperativas de medios en España: Un periodismo emprendedor y ciudadano en tiempos de crisis

Alejandro Barranquero Carretero, Mariá Sánchez Moncada

Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, issue 128 (2018), pp. 36-58

"En España la crisis económica ha tenido un correlato directo en el sector periodístico y conducido al cierre de medios de referencia y al aumento de los despidos y la precarización del sector. En este contexto adverso, las cooperativas de medios se han convertido en una vía de salida para much ... more

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La babel digital: Pistas para un periodismo emprendedor
Key Guidance

Bogotá: Consejo de Redacción;Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS);Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (2018), 202 pp.

"Lo cierto es que después de muchas experiencias tipo ensayo-error hemos concluido que no existe un decálogo infalible para el éxito en el emprendimiento digital periodístico. Y que la viralidad es una mujer vestida de sol y en esa medida es mejor dejarte impactar por sus rayos que acercarte dem ... more

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Investigative Journalism in Africa: An Exploratory Study of Non-Profit Investigative Journalism Organizations in Africa

Ntibinyane Ntibinyane

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2018), 99 pp.

"This exploratory study [.] argues that in a continent where traditional media organizations are increasingly failing to hold power to account, not-for-profit organizations are leading by example, setting the agenda and constantly scrutinizing those in power. This study further looks at the motivati ... more

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VTDigger: A Rising Star in Nonprofit News

Tim Griggs

Institute for Nonprofit News;Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (2018), 35 pp.

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How Media Companies Use Data to Sign Up Digital Subscribers (and Keep Them)

Michael Leitner

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2018), 36 pp.

"Journalist fellow Michael Leitner takes a deep dive into media organisations who already use data to efficiently acquire, engage and furthermore keep subscribers. Do we need automated paywalls, and what data do we need to use to keep readers interested? Key Insights: Dynamic paywalls are no silver ... more

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Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos
Top Insights

SembraMedia;Omidyar Network (2017), 68 pp.

"Este estudio es el primer estudio exhaustivo sobre el impacto que tienen emprendedores de medios digitales, los riesgos a los que se enfrentan, y si ha surgido un modelo de negocio viable para el periodismo digital independiente y de calidad. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, SembraMedia, con ... more

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Inflection Point: Impact, Threats, and Sustainability. A Study of Latin American Digital Media Entrepreneurs
Inspiring Practice

Janine Warner, Mijal Lastrebner, Dulce Ramos, Jordy Meléndez, Ernesto Aroche, Mauricio Jaramillo, Sérgio Lüdtke, María Eugenia Álvarez et al.

SembraMedia;Omidyar Network (2017), 68 pp.

"The main finding of this study is that digital media entrepreneurs are deeply transforming the way that journalism is conducted and consumed in Latin America. They are not just producing news — they are generators of change, promoting better laws, defending human rights, exposing corruption, and ... fighting abuses of power. They are driven to produce independent news in countries that are highly politically polarized — and some of them are paying a high price for it [...] Nearly half the journalists interviewed for this study reported threats and physical attacks in response to their coverage. More than 20% of the founders and directors we interviewed admitted that they avoided covering certain topics, people, and institutions because of threats and intimidation. Others face punitive lawsuits, cyber-attacks, never-ending audits, and the loss of advertising revenues in retaliation for their coverage. Digital natives in Latin America have an even more important role to play than their counterparts in the over-saturated media markets of the developed world. News ownership is highly concentrated in these countries, and government advertising is frequently used to reward compliant media outlets. Even in the face of these legal, financial, and physical threats, entrepreneurial journalists are building sustainable businesses around quality journalism. The advent of social media and easy-to-use web design tools has made it possible to launch a digital media venture almost entirely on sweat equity. More than 70% of the ventures in this study started with less than $10,000, and more than 10% of those now bring in at least a half million dollars a year in revenues. After analyzing data on traffic, finances, revenue sources, staffing, and years in business, we identified four distinct tiers of business development. Diversified revenue was key to success, especially in the mid tiers, and we found more than 15 distinct revenue sources, including events, training, membership, crowdfunding, and native advertising. More than 65% reported they were earning revenue in at least three ways. In the top tier, where audiences reach more than 20 million visits per month, advertising is the top revenue source, but not the only one. In the mid ranges, there is no dominant business model and diversified revenue sources that combine advertising with audience-driven sources, such as events and crowdfunding, are crucial for sustainability. When we analyzed the lower tiers, we found lots of opportunities for improvement. Despite their dedication to quality journalism, more than 30% brought in less than $10,000 in total revenues in 2016. Broadly speaking, we found two paths to growing these businesses: building audience to drive traffic and advertising, or leveraging the loyalty of the audience to inspire micro-donations and the 15 other ways they are making money." (Executive summary, pages 6-8) more

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Digital News Report 2017

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, David A. L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2017), 133 pp.

"The report is based on a survey of more than 70,000 people in 36 markets, along with additional qualitative research, which together make it the most comprehensive ongoing comparative study of news consumption in the world. A key focus remains in Europe where we have added Slovakia, Croatia, and Ro ... more

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World Press Trends 2017: The Definitive Guide to the Global News Media Industry in Numbers, Trends and Changes

Frankfurt: WAN-IFRA (2017), 87 pp.

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"My Boss is 18,000 People": Journalism Practices in Crowdfunded Media Organizations

Adilya Zaripova

MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research, volume 33, issue 62 (2017), pp. 110-118

"This article analyses three crowdfunded media organizations in three different countries – Krautreporter (Germany), Direkt36 (Hungary), and Colta (Russia). Using qualitative in-depth interviews, it demonstrates that journalism practices in a crowdfunded newsroom are very different from those in o ... more

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Transforming Media: Neue Geschäftsmodelle in der digitalen Welt

Markus Kaiser, Stefan Sutor (eds.)

München: Hooffacker (2017), 192 pp.

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Paying for Access or Content? Blurred Understandings of Mobile Internet Data in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda

Savita Bailur, Emrys Schoemaker, Jonathan Donner

In: GlobDev 2016: Proceedings Annual Workshop of the AIS Special Interest Group for ICT in Global Development

Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) (2016), 11 pp.

"The paper addresses the blurred understandings of what developing country mobile internet users feel they are paying for. The move towards increasing online news and music consumption around the world has resulted in low growth in paid content consumption and a digital advertising market that is no ... more

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Digital Journalism Start-ups in India

Arijit Sen, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2016), 48 pp.

"In this report, we analyse six examples of digital journalism start-ups developing new editorial priorities, distribution strategies, and funding models for an increasingly digital Indian media environment. After years of slow growth, internet use and digital advertising has grown very rapidly in I ... more

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Primer estudio de medios digitales y periodismo en América Latina: Iniciativas, modelos de negocio y buenas prácticas
Inspiring Practice

Jordy Meléndez Yúdico

México, DF: Factual A.C.;Fondo Regional para la Innovación Digital en América Latina y el Caribe (FRIDA) (2015), 71 pp.

"El panorama de medios digitales en América Latina es sumamente diverso. Existen numerosas apuestas y distintos modelos de periodismo, pero se identifican claramente al menos tres retos comunes a todos los medios digitales de la región: 1. Financiamiento. Los medios digitales tienen como principal ... reto y preocupación desarrollar modelos de negocio que vayan más allá de la venta de pauta publicitaria y les permita, si no la rentabilidad, al menos la sostenibilidad del proyecto en los próximos años. La mayoría de los medios que realizan periodismo de investigación recibe apoyo o financiamiento de donantes internacionales y ha generado diversas estrategias de fondeo colectivo. Sin embargo, se percibe una necesidad importante por diversificar las entradas de recursos, para no depender exclusivamente de un donante, que condicione la existencia del medio. 2. Potencial digital. Existe un área de oportunidad enorme para todos los medios digitales para experimentar con nuevos formatos, herramientas y hacer mayor uso de la tecnología con fines periodísticos. Hasta inicios de 2015, son pocos los medios nativos digitales que tienen portales 100% responsivos, aún cuando el flujo de lectores desde dispositivos móviles es cada vez mayor y las tendencias indican que seguirá creciendo. Se percibe escasa o nula experimentación con tecnologías móviles, que permitan la geolocalización de noticias o la entrega personalizada de información. Salvo Soy502 y Animal Político, tampoco se han identificado el uso estratégico de drones o herramientas similares de video y recopilación de información en marchas o manifestaciones. 3. Interacción y creación de comunidades. La mayoría de los medios sigue pensando solamente en capturar lectores, si bien se identifica cierta tendencia a crear audiencias participativas y gestionar comunidades. El medio que ha llevado esto a un nivel de experimentación interesante es La Silla Vacía, con su apuesta de crear una red social dentro de su misma plataforma “La Silla Llena”, en donde líderes de opinión, políticos y lectores, pueden crear foros de discusión, debates y generar una dinámica propia de intercambio. Esto requiere, sin embargo, dedicación y entendimiento de las lógicas digitales, y de estar dispuesto a entablar conversaciones horizontales entre audiencias y periodistas. En conclusión, puede afirmarse que los medios nativos digitales que realizan periodismo en América Latina están entendiendo poco a poco la lógica digital. Es decir: desarrollar y publicar contenido periodístico en internet permite no sólo reducir costos de impresión y distribución, sino generar otro tipo de dinámicas que le son útiles a los medios, como elevar el debate público, crear comunidades activas y generar mayor incidencia a partir de información periodística de calidad." (Conclusión) more

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Advancing Independent Journalism While Building a Modern News Business: The Case of Malaysiakini

Tim Carrington

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2015), 12 pp.

"Malaysiakini, an online news platform launched in 1999 in a country of continuous and pervasive media controls, has taken advantage of a precarious space allowing comparatively free journalism on the Internet. Its success in Malaysia is two-fold: First, it has increased demand for reliable and inde ... more

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Chasing Sustainability on the Net: International Research on 69 Journalistic Pure Players and Their Business Models
Inspiring Practice

Esa Sirkkunen, Clare Cook, Risto Kunelius (eds.)

Tampere: Tampere Research Centre for Journalism, Media and Communication (2012), 125 pp.

"The SuBMoJour study has mapped journalistic startups in nine countries. It has created an online database detailing the business models of journalistic startups that are deemed sustainable (www.SuBMoJour.net) and this accompanying narrative report. The study supports research to date that online en ... more

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Mobile Media Services at Sub-Saharan African Newspapers: A Guide to Implementing Mobile News and Mobile Business
Key Guidance

Kristina Bürén (ed.)

Paris: World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA);African Media Initiative (AMI) (2011), 81 pp.

"The handbook includes case studies gathered through interviews with newspapers in Uganda, Kenya and South Africa, including the Observer and Daily Monitor in Uganda, the Standard and the Daily Nation in Kenya, and Grocott’s Mail, the Mail and Guardian, the Sunday Times and the Sowetan in South Af ... more

La babel digital: Pistas para un periodismo emprendedor Key Guidance

Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos Top Insights

Inflection Point: Impact, Threats, and Sustainability. A Study of Latin American Digital Media Entrepreneurs Inspiring Practice

Primer estudio de medios digitales y periodismo en América Latina: Iniciativas, modelos de negocio y buenas prácticas Inspiring Practice

Chasing Sustainability on the Net: International Research on 69 Journalistic Pure Players and Their Business Models Inspiring Practice

Mobile Media Services at Sub-Saharan African Newspapers: A Guide to Implementing Mobile News and Mobile Business Key Guidance

La babel digital: Pistas para un periodismo emprendedor
Key Guidance

Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos
Top Insights

Inflection Point: Impact, Threats, and Sustainability. A Study of Latin American Digital Media Entrepreneurs
Inspiring Practice

Primer estudio de medios digitales y periodismo en América Latina: Iniciativas, modelos de negocio y buenas prácticas
Inspiring Practice

Chasing Sustainability on the Net: International Research on 69 Journalistic Pure Players and Their Business Models
Inspiring Practice

Mobile Media Services at Sub-Saharan African Newspapers: A Guide to Implementing Mobile News and Mobile Business
Key Guidance