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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
25
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
23
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
15
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
13
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
7
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
6
Communication Rights
5
Algorithms & Big Data
5
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
5
Facebook
5
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
5
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
4
Freedom of Expression
4
Intellectual Property
4
Media / Communication Control
4
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
4
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Internet Shutdowns
4
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
4
Artificial Intelligence
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
3
Digital Rights
3
Censorship
3
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
3
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
3
Cybercrimes
3
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
3
Social Media
3
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
3
LGBT & Communication / Media
3
Digital Economies & Markets
3
Media Law & Regulation
3
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
2
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
2
Encryption, Cryptology
2
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
2
Facial Recognition, Biometric Surveillance
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Self-Censorship
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Internet
2
Digital Political Communication
2
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
2
Twitter & Microblogs
2
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
2
Uyghurs, Uighurs
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Feminism & Communication
2
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
2
Investigative Journalism
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Politics and Media
2
Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
2
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Media & Information: Disadvantaged Groups and Minorities
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Suppression: Communicative Counterstrategies
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Minorities
1
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Children's Rights
1
Christian Communication Ethics, Christian Media Ethics
1
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
1
Espionage
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Crisis Communication
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Community Radios
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist Recruitment through Media
1
Human Security Reporting
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Media Ethnography
1
Cultural Resistance
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data
1
Digital Criticism
1
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Inclusion
1
Digital Labour, Digital Work
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Skills, Digital Production Skills
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Religion in Social Media
1
TikTok
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
WhatsApp
1
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
1
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
ICT Policies
1
ICT Regulation
1
Postal Services, Letters & Parcels, Stamps
1
Diaspora Media
1
Minorities
1
Early Warning: Disasters
1
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
1
Data Economics
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
1
International Economy
1
Water Resources Management, Water Access & Supply
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Feminist Media
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Collaboration
1
Colonial Legacies
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Globalisation of Media
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
African Union (AU)
1
European Union (EU)
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Minority Languages
1
Communication Networks
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Civil Rights
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Marketing & Branding
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Deaf & Hard of Hearing People
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Capitalism
1
Political Resistance
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Political Communication
1
Cyberpsychology
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Data Protection (Computer Software)
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
Telephone
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"Künstliche Intelligenz ist auf Smartphones unser ständiger Begleiter, in sozialen Netzwerken verbreitet sie Desinformation, sie wird zur Überwachung und beim Militär eingesetzt. Welche Regeln braucht es, damit uns KI mehr nützt als schadet? Welche billigen Arbeitskräfte liefern die Daten für ... more
"Das Versprechen der Digitalen Revolution ist die Heilserzählung unsererZeit. Dieses Buch erzählt eine andere Geschichte: Die des digitalen Kolonialismus. Statt physisches Land einzunehmen, erobern die heutigen Kolonialherren den digitalen Raum. Statt nach Gold und Diamanten lassen sie unter mensc ... more
"Bringing together perspectives from academia and practice, this second edition Research Handbook provides fresh insights into debates surrounding digital technology and how to respect and protect human rights in an increasingly digital world. New and updated chapters cover the issues posed by the m ... more

Digital Surveillance, Online and Offline Harassment, and Feminist Media Politics

In: Patterns of Harassment in African Journalism
Lungile Augustine Tshuma; Trust Matsilele; Mbongeni Jonny Msimanga; Sadia Jamil (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2024), pp. 88-106
"This chapter examines the digital surveillance and harassment experiences faced by female journalists in Zimbabwe in the 2023 pre-election period covering the year 2022 up to August 2023. The examination is based on interviews conducted with seven purposefully selected female reporters and editors ... more
"The surveillance of journalists, including using spyware technology, poses a fundamental threat to media freedom, the digital safety of journalists, and source protection within the European Union. The agreement on the European Media Freedom Act in December 2023 offers some further protections agai ... more
"Revelations from the 2021 “Pegasus Project” investigation into the use of spyware have confirmed long-held concerns about the proliferation of the technology as a surveillance solution to monitor the activities of journalists around the world. Spyware is a particularly malicious form of malware ... more
"This article examines the public response to mandatory location disclosure (MLD), a new surveillance technology implemented on China’s Sina Weibo. Initially introduced to geo-tag posts related to the Ukraine War, the MLD eventually expanded to encompass all posts and comments on the platform. Dra ... more
"Over the past decade, China has gradually begun to take a more proactive approach to digital development, passing a range of policies that aim to restructure how data is treated within its national economic system. These policies reflect the construction of a new data ecology in which data is gradu ... more
"In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a growing use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the purposes of labor control and surveillance. This trend significantly affects the knowledge workers who are deeply connected with ICT. However, there is a lack of studies tackl ... more

Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas: Audiencia regional

Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights;Media Defence;Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo (Abraji);Article 19;Asocación de Periodistas de El Salvador (APES);Asociação de Jornalismo Digital (AJOR);Centro Prodh;Coalização em defesa do Jornalismo;Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ);CIMAC;El Veinte (2024), 68 pp.
"El presente informe detalla la información aportada durante la audiencia regional temática "Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas" liderada por 25 organizaciones de la sociedad civil durante el 190° Período Ordinario de Sesiones de ... more
"Comprising 41 chapters by a team of international contributors, the companion is divided into three parts: histories; approaches; thematic considerations. The chapters offer wide-ranging explorations of how forms of mediation influence communication, social relationships, cultural practices, partic ... more
"This study offers a systematic theory of the institutional solutions to the dictator’s dilemma, which arises from the incapacity to calibrate repression and concessions due to the lack of information about elite and popular discontent. Empirically, the book presents a detailed discussion of the t ... more
"Surveillance infrastructure in China monitors and enables authorities to react to potential risky, miscreant or criminal behaviour. What type of behaviours are perceived to be so, is determined in large part by ideology. Therefore, surveillance infrastructure relies on the machinery of ideology to ... more

The Unfreedom Monitor: Hong Kong Country Report

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 22 pp.
"In the global context of digital authoritarianism, Hong Kong may become an important reference for a region in which currently the legal groundwork is laid for what may be more stringent tools of oppression. We can witness a rationalisation and legalisation of this process, where any form of critic ... more

The Unfreedom Monitor: Myanmar Country Report

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 18 pp.
"By learning about both the repression and resistance sides of Myanmar’s Spring Revolution, it is evident that digital technology is playing a critical role in this revolution. The military is using every possible technology to repress people, inject fear into society and manipulate it. The revolu ... more

The Unfreedom Monitor: Kazakhstan Country Report

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 21 pp.
"This report focuses on the main trends in digital authoritarian technologies used in Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2022. It contextualises the repressive online mechanisms within the changing political landscape. The January 2022 protests tested the grounds of social and political liberties — the seemi ... more

The Unfreedom Monitor: The Philippines Country Report

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 28 pp.
"Like any authoritarian regime, the Philippine government uses various forms of digital authoritarianism to its advantage. The aim is to win the propaganda war against its perceived enemies so that it can continue implementing policies that are often detrimental to the ordinary folk. While the two i ... more

The Unfreedom Monitor: Kyrgyzstan Country Report

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 24 pp.
"[...] The research has revealed that the incumbent Kyrgyz government is actively suppressing dissent by engaging in information manipulation, passing restrictive laws and attacking free media and investigative journalism. The Kyrgyz government has introduced new laws to regulate online activity, an ... more