"Based primarily on a systematic review of the relevant literature between 2000 and 2017, this article reflects on the state of journalism about science in developing countries, with a focus on its issues, challenges and implications for their developmental processes and causes. Five major themes em
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erge from our analysis: (a) heavy dependence on foreign sources, especially the media of the Global North; (b) the low status of domestic science news in newsrooms; (c) uncritical science reporting that easily lends itself to influences of non-science vested interests; (d) tight grip of politics on science journalism; and (e) ineffective relationships between science and journalism. We will demonstrate that, while some of these problems exist in the North, they can have far more severe consequences on the progress of the South, where news plays an almost exclusive role in informing and engaging laypeople with science and its socio-cultural, economic and political implications." (Abstract)
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"This study examines the potential of puppets in the educational context. The study offers a literature review on the benefits and possibilities of the puppet as a pedagogical tool. The literature was searched using primarily an international e-material search of UEF FINNA. Additional articles were
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retrieved from Google Scholar and from the reference lists of selected papers. Articles were chosen and included according to specific selection criteria. Fifteen papers met the criteria and are included in the review. The review reveals five potential uses for puppets in education. These potential uses include: (1) generating communication, (2) supporting a positive classroom climate, (3) enhancing creativity, (4) fostering co-operation in and integration into a group, and (5) changing attitudes." (Abstract)
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"At the heart of the challenges to democracy posed by digital media are three core problems: 1. Platform monopolies: two or three corporations control not only our means of communication, but also the content which is distributed, both of which are core aspects of our democracy. Whilst the market po
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wer and global mobility of these companies make it possible for them to avoid national regulatory measures, either by moving operations elsewhere or simply ignoring them; 2. Algorithmic opacity: algorithmic engines are using huge quantities of personal data to make ever more precise predictions about what we want to see and hear, and having ever increasing influence over what we think and do, with little transparency about how they work or accountability for their impact; and 3. Attention economy: the dominant business model of digital media prioritises the amplification of whatever content is best at grabbing our attention, while avoiding responsibility for the impact that content has on our collective wellbeing and our democracy. The negative impact is brutally clear from both the literature and the world around us." (Introduction, page 14)
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"This review presents evidence about the impact of mass media and digital media on young people’s family planning (FP) attitudes and behaviors. It primarily focuses on the Ouagadougou Partnership countries, but also describes lessons learned from other initiatives implemented more widely in Africa
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and elsewhere." (Executive summary)
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"This paper is based on a review of how previous studies have defined and operationalized the term “fake news.” An examination of 34 academic articles that used the term “fake news” between 2003 and 2017 resulted in a typology of types of fake news: news satire, news parody, fabrication, man
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ipulation, advertising, and propaganda. These definitions are based on two dimensions: levels of facticity and deception. Such a typology is offered to clarify what we mean by fake news and to guide future studies." (Abstract)
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"The growing influence of social media on journalistic work has attracted scholarly attention worldwide in recent years. However, due to cultural and language barriers, we lack comprehensive understanding of the journalist social media practice in non-Western countries. To help fill this gap, this s
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tudy offers a review and synthesis of existing scholarship on journalist social media practice in China. The authors systematically analyzed recent research studies published in both English-language journals in the West and Chinese-language journals in Mainland China. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory, the synthesis provided a comprehensive review of the patterns of practice as well as key tensions that social media use helped amplify and with which Chinese journalists had to contend." (Abstract)
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"Increasing number of reports, initiatives and efforts are focused on addressing women’s ability to enjoy universal, acceptable, affordable, unconditional, open, meaningful and/or equal access to information, the internet and ICTs. These include, but are not limited to, the recent work of civil so
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ciety organisations, research institutions, various private sector organisations and intergovernmental organisations. There is also a widely acknowledged need for more gender-disaggregated data to accurately measure “gender digital divides”. But there also needs to be more locally relevant data (as opposed to aggregated data at a global level) to better understand underlying local factors and circumstances that hinder women of specifc regions in the global South from accessing and using ICTs, the internet and/or information. But why access is important perhaps also needs to be interrogated from a feminist perspective, which entails not taking for granted that access to ICTs is necessarily a positive and empowering development. What is also relevant is to view the dynamics of race, caste, region (urban-rural), ableism, age and other factors, in relation to gender and access." (Conclusion, page 98)
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"Over the past years, a range of different databases have been constructed, and research efforts have been made to find the key to making digital news ventures successful. Many of them have searched for best practices, or a secret recipe for a business model that would make the news business economi
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cally sustainable in a digital era. James Breiner has taken on the tedious task of analyzing 20 media startup databases in search of patterns and major lessons learned." (Page xxxii)
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"Part 1: Public Opinion Polls and Surveys, contains references to recent public opinion polls and surveys that measure public trust in journalism across dozens of countries and geopolitical regions including Australia, Africa, Asia, China, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and North America. Pa
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rt 2: Peer-reviewed Academic Literature, is equally geographically and culturally diverse It includes references to peer-reviewed studies published as books, book chapters, journal articles and major university-published reports. Most of these studies investigate factors that influence perceptions of credibility or public trust in the news media. The section also contains theoretical papers and literature reviews that engage in reflexive analyses and propose new research directions. Part 3: Perspectives from the Journalistic Field, presents a collection of news articles, features, editorials, commentaries, blogs and other contributions from journalists, news editors and media scholars working on collaborative projects between news organisations and universities." (Contents)
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"In this review essay, I will chart the history of video game technology, the emergence of game studies as a field, provide an overview of the key aspects of gender and video game research, and highlight key debates in gender and video games research." (Page 5)
"The third in a series of annual reviews of select new literature in English that has appeared on the topic of publishing and the book sector in sub-Saharan Africa. Extensively annotated and/or with abstracts, the present list brings together new literature published during the course of 2017, a tot
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al of 157 records." (Academia.edu)
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"Sustainability is a serious threat to independent media in the developing world. Consumers of independent media in developing countries are generally reluctant to pay for access. The main findings with regard to business models for independent media models are: The sales model of revenue generation
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is in peril across the world. There are a few examples of independent media outlets which generate revenue from memberships, subscriptions and sponsorships in Latin America and the Middle East; The advertising model is generally in decline and there is no consensus regarding the viability of this model for independent media in developing countries; The Quint and The Scroll are examples of successful independent media start-ups in India which earn revenue from advertising. In addition there are a few examples of independent news websites in developing countries which earn revenue from native advertising, banner ads and affiliate marketing; Mixed revenue models or cross-subsidising of media businesses with complimentary forprofit business activities is growing in developing countries; Crowdfunding has been used by a few media outlets in Europe and Latin America; Donations have a poor record for raising revenue in developing countries; Not for profit media are growing in developing countries, such as The Wire and Khabar Laharyia in India. However, limited case study evidence indicates that they have not yet found a sustainable business model." (Summary, page 3)
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"This document presents findings from a rapid review of available literature on what has worked to prevent cyber violence against women and girls. Key findings include: There is limited data on cyber violence against women and girls (VAWG) in general, and particularly on what works to prevent it [..
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.] There are powerful international human rights frameworks which could be used to prevent cyber VAWG [...] However, the effectiveness of international human rights frameworks and laws is constrained by gaps in specialised national legislative and policy measures, mechanisms, procedures and expertise/skills [...] There are guidelines for social media companies but there are severe problems in getting them to enforce them/follow up [...] School-based interventions have potential to take primary prevention of cyber VAWG to scale [...] Various apps and online tools have been developed, but these are mostly not evaluated [...] Importance of contextualised, bottom up responses which acknowledge and address socio-cultural norms [...] Social media and the internet have also been used by women for online advocacy to combat VAWG." (Overview, page 1-2)
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"The purpose of this report is to build an understanding of ‘what works’ in Educational Technology (EdTech) to ensure that children can learn in crisis or displaced settings. The field of EdTech is vast and has influenced almost every facet of modern educational delivery. This report will focus
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on ‘child facing’ EdTech, which refers to technology – both software and hardware – designed directly for use by the child or by a teacher, parent, or facilitator working with a child." (Publisher website)
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"The following report is intended to provide an overview of the current state of the literature on the relationship between social media; political polarization; and political “disinformation,” a term used to encompass a wide range of types of information about politics found online, including
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fake news,” rumors, deliberately factually incorrect information, inadvertently factually incorrect information, politically slanted information, and “hyperpartisan” news. The review of the literature is provided in six separate sections, each of which can be read individually but that cumulatively are intended to provide an overview of what is known—and unknown—about the relationship between social media, political polarization, and disinformation. The report concludes by identifying key gaps in our understanding of these phenomena and the data that are needed to address them." (Executive summary)
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"Es bedarf der Kontextanalyse, wenn man an die Kulturalität des Todes sich annähern will. Das Gros der vorliegenden Untersuchungen entäuscht gerade in dieser Qualität – weil quantitative Inhaltsanalysen gerade diesen, of sehr komplexen, Zusammenhang kaum erfassen können, weil Einzelanalysen z
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war im Einzelfall die manchmal höchst eigenständigen Auslegungen, die ein Film vorschlägt und ausprobiert, aufspüren können, dann aber wiederum wenig generalisierbar sind (und Konzeptualisierungen des Todes oder des Sterbens nur in einer Abschatung erfassen), weil fachdisziplinäre Zugänge (etwa theologischer, philosophischer oder ikonographischer Art) durch die Auslegeordnungen ihrer Heimdisziplinen beschränkt sind und manchmal die Vielgestaltigkeit und Heterogenität des Wissenskomplexes (der eben auch Elemente der Populärkultur mit-umfasst) selbst kaum zu rekonstruieren vermögen. Das folgende Verzeichnis listet die bis heute zugänglichen Untersuchungen zu den Todes-Konzeptionen auf sowie eine ausgewählte Anzahl von Untersuchungen zur Analyse des Suizids und zur Todesstrafe im Film. Kürzere Artikel wurden nicht aufgenommen, längere und Einzelflmanalysen nur dann, wenn sie von methodischem Interesse sind. Meist sind die Titel sprechend. Im Einzelfall wurde eine Kurzannotation beigegeben." (Seite 1-2)
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"To understand public opinion about immigration in Europe, one has to understand the media’s role in it. We present a literature review on research on media discourse on immigration and their effects. Despite differences in the way immigration and migrant groups are represented in European media,
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we can observe common patterns. Migrants are generally under-represented and shown as delinquents or criminals. Although, media framing differs based on specific migrant groups the discourse is focusing on, immigration coverage is often negative and conflict-centred. Frequent exposure to such media messages leads to negative attitudes towards migration, may activate stereotypical cognitions of migrant groups, and even influence vote choice. In addition to discussing these issues in depth, the present review also focuses on comparative findings." (Abstract)
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"Information campaigns designed to raise awareness of the potential risks of (irregular) migration have attracted much attention and investment across the world in recent years. Studies have repeatedly shown that many migrants start their journeys with limited or biased information and end up in vul
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nerable situations. In response, information campaigns have increased in number and the type, format, messages and strategy of such campaigns have diversified.
This report presents the results from a systematic literature review of evaluations of such information campaigns in the field of migration. The study reveals that the evidence base available for programming and policymaking in this area is strikingly limited. We find that the uptake in the use of information campaigns has far outpaced any rigorous assessment of the effects that different campaigns may have on their respective target groups. In the absence of reliable evidence, the debate on the potential of this policy tool often relies on largely anecdotal evidence. Better evidence can show how information campaigns can be designed to best achieve their intended effects given the particular circumstances. The current lack of evidence limits the impact of future campaigns. While rigorous assessment of campaign impact can be difficult and costly, better evidence is clearly needed – wherever feasible and appropriate.
Based on an extensive, systematic literature review, 60 relevant evaluations of information campaigns that targeted potential migrants and traffickers, as well as communities at large, were identified from a pool of 3,600 records. Only 30 of the selected campaign evaluations had publicly available results; the rest were collected through expert referrals. Two studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. Among the campaigns featured in the 60 studies, the most popular communication tools were workshop-type activities and cable TV programmes/advertisements. Most campaigns focused on trafficking, followed by irregular migration and, more generally, smuggling. A common issue is the lack of a clearly defined campaign objective and/or target group. This hampers any rigorous evaluation of programme effects. Whenever an objective is defined, it is most often aimed at “awareness-raising” and “knowledge generation.” The majority of the campaign evaluations claimed that the campaign under study was “successful” in inducing a change in knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and – to a lesser degree – (intended) behaviour. However, most of the evaluations reviewed provided relatively little evidence of the full impact of information campaigns. While many of the evaluations reported the number and profiles of campaign recipients or beneficiaries, impact was not directly measured. (In the evaluation literature, impact is defined as a change in outcome that is directly attributable to the programme and not any other factor.)
Most of the evaluations identified did not meet minimum standards for robust evidence on programme effects. The large majority of evaluations were based on based on cross-sectional surveys of small numbers of participants (N) sampled at convenience, limiting the generalizability of the results. Only a few large-N studies employed a control-group design or involved pre- and post-measurements. None employed a (quasi-)experimental method for causal inference (e.g. randomized controlled trial, which is considered the “gold standard” for measuring impact)." (Executive summary)
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"This literature survey is an attempt to bring together some of the literature on an important and challenging, and one could well say neglected aspect of the African book sector, that of publishing in African languages, an area that greatly impacts literary production in many ways. It aims to make
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a small contribution to the ongoing debate about publishing of indigenous language materials, how the profile of indigenous language publishing might be enhanced—and how publishing in African languages could be conducted as a societally beneficial, sustainable, and profitable commercial activity. Following an introductory overview of current publishing in African languages – and a discussion of its many barriers to success – it lists a total of 170 records, covering the literature (in English) published since the 1970s and through to early 2018. Fully annotated and/or with abstracts, it includes books, chapters in books and edited collections, reports, journal articles, Internet documents, theses and dissertations, as well as a number of blog postings. As is evident from the literature survey, the topic of publishing in African languages still amounts to a relatively modest body of literature, although it has been growing in recent years. There have been a good number of significant, indeed even ground-breaking studies and investigations about multilingual publishing in Africa, but the literature review also demonstrates that many African countries are still poorly served in terms of research on publishing in indigenous languages." (https://www.academia.edu)
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