"How can we explain the multiple uses that media organizations make of media technologies across the world? This paper proposes a hybrid conceptual framework that synthesizes ideas from the sociology of knowledge approach to discourse with science & technology studies concepts (i.e., script and tech
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nological frame) in order to emphasize the importance of policy and organizational discourses in shaping multiple uses of media technologies by media organizations. We apply the conceptual framework to study the case of Mídia NINJA, a Brazilian alternative media that gained popularity due to its innovative coverage of the 2013 riots in the country through collaborative practices and digital media technologies. Based on interviews and participant observation, we found that policy discourses to change the media structure influenced in time the discourse and practices of this alternative media in Brazil, leading to new uses of digital media technologies unintended by its designers. Thereby illustrating the importance of discourses to shape within certain boundaries the multiple uses of media technologies." (Abstract)
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"By examining Russian YouTube, this article has attempted to show how in this particular digital environment a shift in social attitudes and the emergence of counterpublics are likely to occur, thus advancing a bottom-up approach to social change. The paper has proceeded in three steps. The first se
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ction reviewed and linked three distinct, yet interrelated theoretical terrains: social-political change, social attitudes change, and the public sphere. This section advanced the claim that a change in social attitudes must precede any bottom-up social change, and that the former is contingent upon the public’s ability to develop a reflective agency, that is, a capacity to reflect upon one’s previously held beliefs. The four conditions under which such reflective agency is likely to emerge were outlined and then linked to the emergence of counterpublics. On the basis of the theoretical discussion, the ensuing methodological and empirical sections have shown that all four conditions obtain to different degrees on Russian YouTube, thereby allowing for counterpublics to emerge. These four conditions are: a non-institutionalised environment, exogenous shocks, presence of difference and exposure to difference." (Conclusion, page 28)
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"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working
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conditions, according to the International Federation of Journalists and the Southeast Asia Journalist Unions. Websites of news outlets have also been hacked and taken down. These challenges make the press vulnerable to self-censorship and may even lead to fatal outcomes. This chapter seeks to fill the gap in the literature on the digital types of assault on the Philippine alternative press, focusing on the experience of alternative news media outlets—independent media particularly critical of the government. It explores the range of such threats and attacks and the responses, legal frameworks, and remedies in place that are used to combat dangers of this nature." (Abstract)
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"Brazil has a strong legacy in the field of participatory communication and articulation of bottom-up development processes. Many innovative experiences and key conceptual foundations that have enriched and informed this field in Latin America and beyond have strong Brazilian roots. A reference of
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seminal importance to the field has been Paulo Freire, whose liberating pedagogy and principles of dialogic communication have influenced generations of educators, activists, movements and governments across the world. In a controversial move, the current government in Brazil has explicitly declared its intention to erase any trace of Freire’s pedagogy from any policy and practice in the country. It sparks the question: what is so dangerous about Freire’s ideas? This special issue explores this question in articulation with another one that seeks to examine how relevant –beyond the borders of pedagogical fields– are his ideas for Brazil as well as other settings where social and political perspectives clash. This issue is an outcome of a seminar held at Loughborough University London, in June 2019, where around 30 participants concluded that the ideas of Paulo Freire are still alive and kicking but confronted with new and transformed challenges. The collection of articles here suggests that the danger of Freire’s ideas emerge from their perspective upon society, their inherent vision of change, and, in particular, from the methods Freire developed in order to build a just society of emancipated and equal members. The special issue consists of six articles. They place the debate about Freire’s ideas in the context of development and social change, populism, polarization, but also of resistance. In this sense, the debate around the Brazilian case is illustrative of a larger historical framework. How Freire’s ideas can be expanded, re-written –as he might have proposed– under the experience of current times of such asymmetrical power?" (Page 408)
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"This report highlights numerous troubling developments in Turkey’s media landscape. Distrust in the media has reached crisis proportions, with fully 70 percent of Turks viewing the media as dishonest. These doubts have formed the backdrop for rapid shifts in how Turks access political news and in
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formation, as citizens turn toward online outlets and social media platforms that are more independent of government control but are themselves often rife with misinformation. Such changes have created an increasingly fragmented media landscape, in which Turks of different political parties, ages, and regions are consuming news from very different sources. Unfortunately, many of these sources are unreliable, and none enjoys trust across the political spectrum. The political repercussions of these trends will deeply affect both Turkey and its Western allies. Indeed, these same challenges, including distrust of the media and severe political polarization, are afflicting numerous other NATO countries, from Poland to the United States. The growing prevalence of misinformation may further aggravate partisan divides and weaken accountability. Already it has undermined Turkey’s response to the coronavirus pandemic." (Page 16)
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"Als Tagungsreader der ersten Runder Tisch Brasilien Online Fachtagung analysiert das vorliegende Heft die Kommunikationslandschaft Brasiliens neu. Wer bestimmt gesellschaftliche Diskurse? Auf welcher Basis? In der virtuellen politischen Arena 2020 geht es längst nicht mehr allein um politische Bot
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schaften, sondern auch darum, eine möglichst große Zielgruppe (z.B. potenzielle Wähler*innen) zu erreichen. Längst ist ein Kampf um Werte und Wahrheiten entbrannt, auf den soziale Bewegungen nicht immer gut vorbereitet waren. Es geht daher um politische Verortung und Widerstand im digitalen Zeitalter. Denn die aktuelle Regierung hält ihre Macht mit kriminellen Strategien. Bolsonaros Regierung betreibt offiziell Desinformationspolitik, mit Polemik und Stimmungsmache gegen politische Gegner*innen. Kommunikation wird als Machtinstrument benutzt und entbehrt häufig jeglicher sachlichen Grundlage. Eine semioffizielle Gruppe, geleitet von Präsident Bolsonaros Söhnen, ist dafür zuständig, Fake News u.ber Whatsapp und andere soziale Medien zu verbreiten. Ein Skandal und eine Herausforderung für Menschenrechte und Demokratie. Während Bolsonaro sich selbst nicht an Abstandsregeln während der Pandemie hält und seine Anhänger*innen explizit dazu aufruft, sich auf der Straße zu versammeln, sehen seine Gegner*innen größtenteils davon ab und versuchen, ihre Proteste in die virtuelle Welt zu verlegen. Auch dort stoßen sie auf in Kommunikationsfragen gut geschulte rechte Gruppierungen. Die Gruppe der Evangelikalen beispielsweise nutzt ihre Wirtschaftsunternehmen und Kommunikationsplattformen geschickt für eine moralbasierte Politikgestaltung 'im Namen Gottes'." (Editorial)
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"Providing a truly comprehensive overview of international journalism and global news reporting in the digital age, this new introductory textbook surveys the full variety of contexts that journalists around the world operate in; the challenges and pressures they face; their journalistic practices;
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and the wider theoretical and social implications. Analysing key scholarship in the field, Vera Slavtcheva-Petkova and Michael Bromley explore not just journalism as a single entity, but equally the multiple cultures which host journalism and the variety of journalisms which exist across the world." (Publisher description)
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"Hemos estructurado el documento en tres grandes partes. La primera es una lectura del Vivir Bien / Buen Vivir desde las prácticas de las experiencias sistematizadas. Es un esfuerzo por conceptualizar la Comunicación para el Vivir Bien / Buen Vivir desde las prácticas vividas. Siguiendo las narra
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tivas, voces, imaginarios y palabras contenidas en las experiencias autosistematizadas, hemos podido proponer una aproximación conceptual centrada en la Comunicación para el Buen-Convivir y Bien-Transformar. La segunda parte recoge el “Manual de Autosistematización”, que está compuesto de cinco módulos: El Módulo I se sumerge en el estudio de lo que es la sistematización, estableciendo sus funciones, características y usos principales. El Módulo II hace un repaso de las características principales de la Comunicación para el Vivir Bien / Buen Vivir. El III trabaja la recuperación de las experiencias en su proceso vivido desde su creación. El Módulo IV propone una reflexión valorativa crítica sobre la experiencia en sus contextos. Finalmente, el Módulo V dedicado a establecer los puntos de llegada, recoge las principales lecciones aprendidas y las proyecciones posibles. La tercera parte “Conociendo las prácticas innovadoras de Comunicación para el Vivir Bien / Buen Vivir”, contiene una presentación descriptiva y resumida de las experiencias autosistematizadas, en apretadas síntesis sobre sus características generales, sus objetivos, sus cronologías o recorrido histórico, sus principales lecciones aprendidas y sus posibles proyecciones." (Página 16-17)
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"La Guía para el diseño de estrategias de comunicación para la defensa del territorio busca contribuir a una pacificación integral de los territorios utilizando como herramienta la comunicación comunitaria. Algunos podrían pensar que somos idealistas, pensarán que sólo siendo bruscos e impon
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iéndonos con violencia y miedo se terminan las guerras. Queda claro, con las enseñanzas de Sun Tzu y los Pueblos Indígenas, que con sutileza, paciencia, astucia y creatividad se pueden construir mundos más vivibles, más humanos. La primera nos lleva invariablemente hacia la muerte y la destrucción, la segunda nos permite imaginar otros mundos. Por último, esta “Guía” busca ser eso, una guía, en consecuencia, no tiene respuestas estáticas o lo que yo llamo “de receta”. Por el contrario, se alimenta de preguntas, paisajes, sueños y esperanzas. Esta guía necesita del movimiento porque sólo así podremos defender el territorio, es decir, la vida." (Página 1)
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"The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media provides an authoritative and comprehensive examination of the diverse forms, practices and philosophies of alternative and community media across the world. The volume offers a multiplicity of perspectives to examine the reasons why altern
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ative and community media arise, how they develop in particular ways and in particular places, and how they can enrich our understanding of the broader media landscape and its place in society. The 50 chapters present a range of theoretical and methodological positions, and arguments to demonstrate the dynamic, challenging and innovative thinking around the subject; locating media theory and practice within the broader concerns of democracy, citizenship, social exclusion, race, class and gender. In addition to research from the UK, the US, Canada, Europe and Australia, the Companion also includes studies from Colombia, Haiti, India, South Korea and Zimbabwe, enabling international comparisons to be made and also allowing for the problematization of traditional - often Western - approaches to media studies. By considering media practices across a range of cultures and communities, this collection is an ideal companion to the key issues and debates within alternative and community media." (Publisher description)
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"Presentamos aquí datos básicos de los 13 casos analizados, principalmente desde la perspectiva de sus responsables. La Diaria, fundado en 2006, es un periódico impreso [...] Portal 180 es un portal web informativo que opera con una lógica empresarial basada en la venta de espacios publicitarios
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[...] Sudestada es un portal web que busca focalizarse en «la investigación periodística, el periodismo de datos y las coberturas de contexto» [...] Canal U es una señal de televisión que se emite en sistemas para abonados («cables») nacionales y regionales [...] Giro TV fue un proyecto empresarial que se conformó entre La Diaria y un conjunto de realizadores audiovisuales para presentarse al llamado a televisión digital terrestre comercial en 2013 [...] Mi Canal, un proyecto de la central de trabajadores PIT-CNT, también se presentó y obtuvo una frecuencia en el llamado de televisión digital terrestre de 2013 [...] Parking Films es una productora audiovisual de cine y televisión, proyecto unipersonal reciente (2014) de un realizador con trayectoria previa en otras productoras [...] Coral Films-Efecto Cine es una empresa dedicada a la realización de películas con potencialidad de difusión masiva (Coral) y a la proyección itinerante en pantalla inflable en espacios públicos de filmes propios y de otros realizadores uruguayos (Efecto Cine) [...] Tiranos Temblad difundía semanal o quincenalmente en YouTube acontecimientos uruguayos seleccionados de los videos subidos a esa red por los usuarios [...] El responsable del semanario impreso San José Hoy transitó una experiencia anterior, el periódico cooperativo Hechos de San José, que en sus tres años de existencia en los 80 empataba las cuentas [...] La Asociación de Radios del Interior (RAMI) reúne a 140 emisoras distribuidas en todo el interior del país [...] Las radios comunitarias uruguayas surgieron en la década de los 90 y se mantuvieron en la ilegalidad hasta la aprobación de una ley que inició un proceso de regularización que ha amparado hasta ahora a 165 [...] Televisión Nacional de Uruguay (TNU), el canal estatal fundado en 1965, cubre casi todo el territorio nacional gracias a una red de repetidoras locales." (Página 11-13)
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"The main aim of the present study is to assess the status quo and the influencing factors of media viability in developing countries and economies in transition. Accordingly, three general research questions have been formulated: 1. Which factors determine the viability of alternative online news m
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edia organizations in developing countries and economies in transition? 2. What are the transnational similarities and differences for media viability of alternative news media organizations? 3. How are financial sustainability, editorial independence, and journalistic quality interrelated in the context of media viability of alternative online news media organizations?" (Page 21)
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"Contemporary Latin American Cinema investigates the ways in which neoliberal measures of privatization, de-regularization and austerity introduced in Latin America during the 1990s have impacted film production and film narratives. The collection examines the relationship between economic policies
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and the films that depict recent transformations in many Latin American countries, demonstrating how contemporary Latin American film has not only criticized and resisted, but also benefitted from neoliberal advancements. Based on films produced in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru since 2010, the fourteen case studies illustrate neoliberalism's effects, from big industries to small national cinemas. It also shows the new types of producers that have emerged, and the novel patterns of distribution, exhibition and consumption that shape and influence the Latin American filmscape." (Publisher description)
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