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Communication Rights in Africa: Emerging Discourses and Perspectives

Tendai Chari, Ufuoma Akpojivi (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2024), xxiii, 257 pp.

"Drawing on a broad range of case studies across the continent, the volume considers what constitutes communication rights in Africa, who should protect them, against whom, and how communication rights relate to broader human rights. While the case studies highlight the variation in communicative ri ... more

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Google Scholar (9)

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De Gruyter Handbook of Media Economics

Ulrike Rohn, M. Bjørn von Rimscha, Tim Raats (eds.)

Berlin: De Gruyter (2024), xix, 566 pp.

"The handbook presents key contributions from scholars worldwide, providing a comprehensive exploration of current trends in media industries from diverse perspectives. Within the framework of understanding contemporary and future trajectories in media markets and industries, the volume delves into ... more

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Understanding and Addressing Mis-/Disinformation in the Afghan Media Ecosystem

Internews (2024), 21 pp.

"This report summarizes Internews’ six-month social media monitoring research conducted in 2023 that aimed to better understand the online mis- and disinformation environment in Afghanistan. [...] The first phase of the study revealed key aspects of Afghanistan's digital information landscape. The ... research found four common narratives around mis- and disinformation including the Taliban/Taliban de facto authorities’ threat to human and minority rights, loss of self-rule, the Taliban de facto authorities’ legitimacy as a governing body, and opposition to their governance. Most of the associated mis- and disinformation associated with these narratives originated from the Afghan diaspora. The research also found a gender imbalance in the digital discourse, with male-dominated discussions and limited female participation. Gender narratives on social media are mostly driven by men, often portraying women passively, and include disinformation tactics by the Taliban de facto authorities, such as falsely showing women's support for oppressive policies. Anti-Taliban sentiments included former government figures who significantly shape digital discourse and contribute to spreading disinformation including exaggerations or fabrications of the authorities’ actions. However, alongside anti-Taliban sentiments, there was a notable pro-Taliban commentary endorsing their governance and presenting them in favourable ways. Our findings for the second phase reveal several troubling trends. Many news stories feature clickbait or misleading headlines that don't align with the actual content. A significant problem is the presentation of unverified information as fact, which fosters public mistrust. Approximately 40% of false news stories lack sources, and over half rely on just a single source, affecting the depth and reliability of reporting. Additionally, there is a tendency to use sensational headlines and emotionally charged content to increase engagement, often sacrificing factual accuracy. The rapid spread of misinformation is also facilitated by exploiting audience behaviours on social media. Afghan media, particularly those dependent on donor funding, struggle to balance accurate reporting with the need for high audience engagement. Complex reporting dynamics in Afghanistan include protecting sources, relying on second-hand information, and the difficulty of verifying claims made on social media. While some media outlets endeavour to use diverse sources, the challenges of fact verification and maintaining reporting integrity persist. The report recommends establishing fact-checking initiatives, promoting digital literacy, and ethical journalism practices. For media outlets, transparency, audience engagement, and balance are key. Meanwhile, donors should prioritize funding for independent media, invest in technology, and support capacity building and collaborative reporting initiatives." (Executive summary, page 3) more

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Vilify, ridicule, disinform: Political communication and media trust in the age of generative AI

Christian Schwieter, Milan Gandhi

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation;Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2024), 23 pp.

"This report examines political communication and media trust in the age of generative artificial intelligence systems (AI). Firstly, it provides a brief explainer of generative AI tools and techniques, looking separately at systems that generate text and those that generate or manipulate images, vi ... more

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A Literature Review on Detecting, Verifying, and Mitigating Online Misinformation

Arezo Bodaghi, Ketra A. Schmitt, Pierre Watine, Benjamin C. M. Fung

IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, volume 11, issue 4 (2024), pp. 5119-5145

"This survey focuses on six key aspects related to misinformation: 1) clarify the definition of misinformation to differentiate it from intentional forms of false information; 2) categorize proposed approaches to manage misinformation into three types: detection, verification, and mitigation; 3) rev ... more

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Falsehoods Fly: Why Misinformation Spreads and How to Stop it

Paul Thagard

New York: Columbia University Press (2024), xii, 357 pp.

"Misinformation is one of the twenty-first century’s greatest challenges, a peril to democracy, peace, science, and public health. Yet we lack a clear understanding of what makes misinformation so potent and why it can spread so rapidly. In Falsehoods Fly, a leading cognitive scientist and philoso ... more

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Misinformation technology: Internet use and political misperceptions in Africa

Joel Cariolle, Yasmine Elkhateeb, Mathilde Maurel

Journal of Comparative Economics, volume 52, issue 2 (2024), pp. 400-433

"The use of the Internet to access news has an impact on African citizens’ perceptions of democracy. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the Afrobarometer survey across 35 African countries over the period 2011–2018, along with an instrumental variable approach, allows addressing potential ... more

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Unmasking Vulnerability: Understanding Disinformation in Samtskhe-Javakheti

Caucasus Research Resource Center (CRRC);International Media Support (IMS) (2024), 31 pp.

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Disinformation Strategies

Daniel Arce

Defence and Peace Economics, volume 35, issue 6 (2024), pp. 659–672

"Disinformation is a form of offensive counterintelligence via deception and neutralization in order to strategically manipulate an audience or create further fractures in existing divisions. Disinformation strategies include leaking, lying, seeding, and smearing. These strategies vary according to ... more

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What Explains the Spread of Misinformation in Online Personal Messaging Networks? Exploring the Role of Conflict Avoidance

Andrew Chadwick, Cristian Vaccari, Nathalie-Anne Hall

Digital Journalism, volume 12, issue 5 (2024), pp. 574-593

"Online personal messaging platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger are now hugely popular around the world. Yet their role in the spread and social correction of misinformation remains under-researched. We carried out in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the UK public (N = 102) to exp ... more

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“It Was Very Hard for Me to Keep Doing That Job”: Understanding Troll Farm’s Working in the Arab World

Marina Ayeb, Tiziano Bonini

Social Media + Society, volume 10, issue 1 (2024), 10 pp.

"This article investigates the production culture and routines of “troll farms” in three Arab countries—Tunisia, Egypt, and Iraq—from a production studies approach. A production studies approach enables us to focus on the working conditions of paid trolls. We employed qualitative methods to ... more

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Online Toxicity Against Syrians in Turkish Twitter: Analysis and Implications

Hala Mulki, Samir Alabdullah, Ahmed Halil, Nawari Al-Ali, Maria Kyriakidou, Ludek Stavinoha

International Journal of Communication, volume 18, issue 24 (2024), pp. 191-218

"This study examines the portrayal of Syrians on Turkish Twitter between January and August 2021 through a big data analysis of more than 30,000 tweets. We employ the concept of online toxicity to differentiate between disinformation and hate speech and explore how they are embedded in the negative ... more

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Disinformation and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa: Security Implications of AI-Altered Information Environments

Eduardo Albrecht, Eleonore Fournier-Tombs, Rebecca Brubaker

New York, Geneva: United Nations University (UNU) (2024), 39 pp.

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The Peril and Promise of AI for Journalism

Nishtha Gupta, Jenina Ibañez, Chris Tenove

Centre for the Study of Democratic Institutions (CSDI) (2024), 13 pp.

"This report draws on insights from the workshop, along with recent academic and journalistic publishing. It highlights three major issues: How generative AI can make disinformation campaigns faster, more targeted, and more persuasive. How newsrooms’ adoption of AI tools can lead to inaccuracies a ... more

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Cross-Plattform Social Media Forschung: Methoden der Datengewinnung und Analyse

Philipp Kessling, Mattes Ruckdeschel, Felix Victor Münch, Gregor Wiedemann

Hamburg: Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW);Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung;Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2024), 23 pp.

"Dieser Report bietet einen Überblick über die im NOTORIOUS Projekt entwickelten und angewandten Methoden und Strategien zur Erhebung und Analyse von Mehrplattform-Social-Media-Daten mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der Aufdeckung von Desinformationsnarrativen. Zur Datensammlung erwiesen sich explorative ... more

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Disinformation and Polarization in the Algorithmic Society: Online Hate Speech Trilogy, vol. I

Branco di Fátima (ed.)

Covilhã; Cali: LABCOM;Editorial Universidad Icesi (2024), 209 pp.

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‘Living in a post-truth era’? Online misinformation in everyday life in rural and urban China

Pu Yan, Ralph Schroeder

Information, Communication & Society (2024), 21 pp.

"This paper investigates everyday information seeking and misinformation among Internet users in rural and urban China. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to identify user demographics and categories of misinformation encountered on mobile devices online. The paper makes ... more

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From Emancipation to Confusing the Nation: Social Media and Figurations of Disinformation a Decade After the Arab Uprisings

Nermin Elsherif, Tasniem Anwar

International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 1473-1493

"This study examines how digital disinformation occurs through the creation and sustenance of figures or cultural tropes. It focuses primarily on the figure of the ecommittees, a phenomenon that refers to online fake accounts mobilized by various political actors to tarnish their opponents and propa ... more

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Online Disinformation in Brazil: A Typology of Discursive Action of Harmful Political Content on WhatsApp and Facebook

Tatiana Dourado, Victor Piaia, Viktor Chagas, Dalby Dienstbach, Marco Aurelio Ruediger, Eurico Matos, João Guilherme Bastos dos Santos

International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 2685-2709

"This article investigates harmful political content in public WhatsApp and Facebook groups of the radical Right in Brazil. Considering harmful political content as that which generates direct damage to the quality, reasonableness, and plurality of public discussion, we investigate the enunciative a ... more

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Google Scholar (10)

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Mapping Lies in the Global Media Sphere

Tirse Erbaysal Filibeli, Melis Öneren Özbek (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2024), 224 pp.

"This volume addresses the concept of “(in)nocent lies” in the media – beyond the concept of misleading information online, this extends to a deliberate effort to spread misinformation, disinformation and conspiracy theories – and proposes a critical approach to tackle the issue in related i ... more