"An intersectional gender approach starts with the fact that differences between the roles of women and men – in terms of their relative position in society and the distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints, and power in a given context – cannot be analysed in a separate silo. Instea
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d, such differences must be placed within a systemic framework of intersectional inequalities (see Figure 1), overlapping gender discrimination with other forms of discrimination [...] These guidelines are about the safety and protection of journalists and social communicators, which can be addressed by monitoring and documenting the attacks they face, building their capacity to protect themselves, and raising awareness nationally and internationally on the issue. While many of the recommendations in these guidelines could also apply to human rights defenders (HRDs), they were built from the experience and expertise of ARTICLE 19 staff concerning journalists and social communicators." (Page 7)
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"Este trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en la comprensión de una serie de casos del Sistema Interamericano de extraordinario contenido y valor para fortalecer el rol de los jueces en la prevención de situaciones que vulneren el derecho a libertad de expresión, el acceso a la información, así
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como la protección de periodistas." (Introducción)
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"This paper experimentally tests the effectiveness of two short edutainment campaigns (under 25 minutes) delivered through Facebook Messenger at reshaping gender norms and reducing social acceptability of violence against women in India. Participants were randomly assigned to watch video clips with
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implicit or explicit messaging formats (respectively a humorous fake reality television drama or a docuseries with clear calls to action). After one week, the intent-to-treat effects of the implicit format on knowledge, gender norms, and acceptability of violence against women oscillated between 0.16 and 0.21 standard deviations yet impacts diminished after four months. By contrast, the explicit format was more impactful in the short term in increasing willingness to share video clips with friends and promoting online information-seeking behaviors. In the medium term, individuals who were exposed to the docuseries were 7.5 percentage points more likely to add a frame against violence against women in their Facebook profile picture, a public display of their disapproval of this harmful practice. The general lack of heterogeneous effects across social status indicators suggests social media as a potential medium for reaching different online populations, including vulnerable ones." (Abstract)
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"[...] la Relatoría Especial ofrece en este informe un análisis de los patrones de discriminación que las mujeres periodistas y las trabajadoras de los medios de comunicación experimentan en las redacciones y/o en su lugar de trabajo a luz de los estándares interamericanos, con énfasis en la s
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ubrepresentación y la segregación horizontal y vertical de las mujeres en los medios de comunicación, las brechas salariales entre varones y mujeres, la ausencia de estrategias para garantizar que quienes desarrollan tareas de cuidado no vean afectadas sus trayectorias profesionales y/o sus oportunidades laborales y otras prácticas de discriminación interseccional. Del mismo modo, el informe considera las diferentes formas de violencia basada en género al interior de los medios de comunicación, incluida la violencia y el acoso sexual. Reconociendo su rol protagónico en la materia, el informe ofrece lineamientos sobre las acciones que las empresas de medios de comunicación están llamadas implementar para la erradicación y el abordaje de estas prácticas." (Introducción, página 10-11)
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"Several projects, publications and initiatives within German development cooperation already focus on bridging the digital gender divide, for instance by promoting gender-equitable internet access, digital literacy and employment opportunities in the tech sector. This paper aims to build on existin
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g work in the field of gender-based online violence (GBOV) and its influence on political and societal participation. A special focus is put on how GBOV can affect the political and societal participation of women and girls in all their diversity as well as other genders, and how this might be remedied. The objective is to provide German development cooperation with some background information on GBOV to raise awareness of the issue, including a taxonomy of the different forms of GBOV, as well as a first overview of implementation approaches to prevent and address the consequences of GBOV." (Introduction)
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"This book explores case studies across India, Kenya, Guatemala, Sri Lanka, and global, comparative settings, and asks what positive impact ICT applications (Health Information Systems, Pandemic response systems, Early Warning and Response Systems, Hospital Information System and Smartphone based Ap
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ps) can have on today’s most pressing challenges. The authors use this lens to discuss a wide range of issues facing communities around the world, including public health and pandemic management; the mitigation of ethnic violence and violence against women; the emergence of an informal economy; and the displacement of refugees. The case studies are analyzed through a wide means-process-ends framework, which is complemented with micro-level observations of people’s experience, such as empowerment, agility and trust within communities. This interplay between the macro framework and micro concepts helps us to understand how and why digital interventions can contribute to positive outcomes, and which stories of hope may inspire other development channels." (Back cover)
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"This research presents findings and recommendations about the nature, scale, and impact of threats faced by select categories of public-facing women in Sierra Leone. Specifically, by women human rights defenders (HRDs) and women journalists." (Research methodology)
"All respondents had experienced online violence. Misogynistic hate speech, sexists’ comments, body shaming as well as slut shaming was common among the women journalists and WHRDs interviewed. These threats were also extended to their families, friends, relatives and networks. Another frequently
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mentioned attack was the attempted hacking into women’s email. Most of the women interviewed reduced their online activity and presence in response to online violence whereas others deactivated some of their online accounts. The story theme most often identified in association with increased attacks was gender, followed by politics and elections, human rights and social policy. Anonymous or unknown attackers are the most frequently noted source of attacks according to the women respondents. Facebook was mentioned as the least safe among social media platforms/apps used by women participants, with most of the respondents saying it was “very unsafe” compared to Twitter. Most of the women journalists did not report incidents of online violence to their employers or security personnel."
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"This research aims to examine how sexism and gender discrimination impacts women journalists in Pakistan. The International Federation of Journalists (2018-19) ranks Pakistan as the fourth most dangerous country for journalists. The Coalition for Women in Journalism declares Pakistan as the sixth-w
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orst for female journalists (2019). In 2018, the Global Gender Gap Report highlighted Pakistan as second from bottom, ranking it 148 out of 149 countries. Given these numbers, the country is an ominous space for women in news media. This study collects the data from women journalists working in the three largest cities of Pakistan, that is, Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. The aim is to investigate the issues faced by female journalists due to discrimination at the workplace including glass ceiling, pay gap, and lack of female leadership. Following the mixed-method approach, around 102 women journalists were surveyed, and 10 were interviewed. Findings indicate the rampant existence of sexism in Pakistani media and its detrimental effects on the growth of a gender-balanced news media industry." (Abstract)
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"The Venezuelan government has been instrumental to implement different types of gender-based violence and discrimination. Reports demonstrate that women have been killed, that their economic power decreased, and that they experienced problems related to access to education, health services, jobs, e
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tc. This reality affects all women; however, there is not updated and systematized information about the problems faced by Venezuelan women journalists. This chapter uses Mohanty's theory and Hernandez's approach to illustrate the situation. It begins with an overview of the Venezuelan context, highlighting cases of gender-based violence and discrimination experienced by women. It also considers cases of economic exploitation, exclusion, disempowerment, cultural imperialism, and direct violence between 2018 and 2019. The chapter demonstrates the deteriorating situation and reveals patterns of oppression experienced by female journalists in Venezuela." (Abstract)
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"Digitale Gewalt kommt nicht nur im öffentlichen Raum vor, sondern auch in privaten Beziehungen – und hat in Kombination mit häuslicher und sexualisierter Gewalt eine deutlich geschlechtsspezifische Komponente. Durch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien haben Gewaltformen wie Doxing, Sta
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lking, Hate Speech und Online-Belästigung und -Bedrohung stark zugenommen und durch die Nutzung des Internets ihre Wirkmächtigkeit verstärkt. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes liefern für den Umgang mit diesen Gewaltformen grundlegende interdisziplinäre Analysen und diskutieren sowohl juristische, technische und aktivistische Interventionen als auch Erfahrungen aus der Beratungspraxis. Dabei werden zentrale politische Änderungsbedarfe ausgemacht und entsprechende Handlungsoptionen aufgezeigt." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Almost half of women respondents had been sexually harassed at work (47%). Women were twice as likely to experience sexual harassment at work than men. For one in two women, the harassment was verbal (56%), and for one in three, it was physical (38%). Only 30% of cases of sexual harassment were eve
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r reported to management. Fear of reprisals is the most common driver behind non-reporting. But lack of faith in the organisation’s management and awareness of reporting systems also plays a part. When they did receive formal complaints, news organisations took action in 42% of cases. Persons in authority are the perpetrators of sexual harassment in four out of ten cases, either as a direct supervisor (21.5%) or person from higher management (19.5%). Sexual harassment is often taking place openly: 46% had witnessed at least one incident, with 16.5% stating they had seen five or more cases. Non-conforming individuals experienced sexual harassment almost as often as women. One in two (50%) had been verbally harassed, and 36% had been physically harassed. Of the 32 managers interviewed, more than half had been sexually harassed. Only three reported this. Some 47% said their organisations had no sexual harassment policy, and then, of those where a policy existed, just 17% knew its contents." (Main findings, page 5)
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"This resource presents options for adapting gender-based violence (GBV) case management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic so that survivors can continue to access and receive safe and confidential services. It focuses specifically on phone-based case management. In this resource, phone-based
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case management is defined as case management that caseworkers provide over the phone to existing clients (or, in some cases when resources, safety and referral processes allow, new clients through direct referrals). It may be accessed through appointments agreed upon by the survivor and caseworker or through survivor-initiated calls when the caseworker is available (i.e., not open to the general public, or operating all hours). This resource also provides recommendations for scaling up hotlines as a strategy for meeting urgent support and referral needs of survivors and those at risk." (Page 4)
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"Journalism can be a dangerous profession, but it is often doubly dangerous for women because of the risk of sexist and sexual violence to which they are exposed. Of the 112 countries where journalists were polled for this report, 40 were identified as dangerous or very dangerous for women journalis
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ts. The dangers are not just to be found doing traditional reporting in the field. Women journalists also encounter danger in the new virtual reporting domains, on the Internet and social media, and even in places where they should be protected, including their own newsrooms. Three years after RSF produced a report on the difficulties for journalists – male and female – covering women’s rights, its new investigation is based on an analysis of responses to a questionnaire that was sent to all of its correspondents throughout the world, and to journalists specialising in gender issues. The results confirm the trends already detected by RSF’s staff, including the fact that the Internet has now become the most dangerous place for women journalists (reported by 73% of the respondents). Rana Ayyub, a well-known Indian columnist and investigative reporter is an authority on this problem as she receives constant rape threats and death threats on social media. Following the Internet, it is the workplace that the most respondents (58%) identified as the location “where sexist violence has been perpetrated.” This perception has been reinforced by the #MeToo movement’s spread throughout the world and the fact that women journalists are now daring to denounce sexual attacks or sexual harassment in such countries as the United States, Japan and India." (https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-publishes-report-sexisms-toll-journalism)
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"Since 2016, Fojo Media Institute, together with local partners, has investigated media landscapes in Eastern Europe from a gender perspective, to find out how women and men in the industry perceive their work life: What are their options to have influence and a fulfilling career? What are the diffe
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rences in beats and job satisfaction between male and female journalists? Is sexual harassment a concern that inflicts on professional practise? First out in the series of gender studies was Russia (2016), followed by Belarus (2017) and Moldova and Georgia (2018). In this report (2020) two more countries are included, namely Armenia and Ukraine. More than one thousand media professionals have shared their views and experiences and contributed to the research [...] One profession that has changed its gender profile is journalism. What was once a male dominated arena has gradually become more gender equal in numbers. The findings of this study indicate that women now make up the majority of media professionals in all the countries covered by this study. According to the experts interviewed, this is not the result of a growing sector with more women coming in, but rather about an outflow of men. The journalistic profession has become less attractive (to men) due to economic restraints (lower wages) and political pressures that make it harder to exercise independent journalism. The study also confirms that women are taking on more decision-making roles, especially in regional and independent media. In Georgia and Moldova, women and men seem to be on equal footing. However, there is still a considerable gender gap in Armenia and Russia, especially when it comes to distribution of power in national media with high circulation/audience, likely related to the fact that the most influential media are still often managed by men. In addition, imbalance in job security and remuneration can be noted, where men have more stable terms of employment and are engaged in beats that pay more. Sexual harassment is another area of interest related to working conditions in the media industry (and elsewhere)." (Preface)
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"Justice4Her is a cross-sector, multi-stakeholder project of RNW Media and Qianqian Law Firm that seeks to strengthen the rule of law and reduce gender-based violence (GBV) towards women migrant workers in China. The project launched in 2016 and targets women migrant workers in Beijing, Shanghai and
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Guangdong Province and was scaled further with co-funding from the European Commission in 2018. Justice4Her provides legal support through a digital interactive platform and disseminates information on GBV to millions through online channels (social media platforms, blogs, email, WeChat groups) and integrates this online work with offline activities. The project has increased mainstream media coverage in China of how GBV affects young women migrants and carried out viral online campaigns to raise public awareness and to challenge tolerance and acceptance of GBV. While advocating for the improvement of anti-domestic violence laws in China, Justice4Her provides pro bono legal aid to victims of GBV in partnership with Beijing Qianqian law firm, a local law firm, both in the form of consultations via mail and support in bringing their cases to court and representing them. The project has also trained pro bono lawyers to better represent victims, media professionals to encourage more gender sensitive reporting on cases of GBV and NGOs on how conduct successful anti-GBV media campaigns and effectively counter negative stereotypes and shift public discourse from a victim blaming narrative to a survivor narrative." (Introduction)
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"The highest levels of regulation, from international treaties to constitutions, are unambiguous about creating an environment in which women thrive. However, this egalitarian space must be progressively realized, and one aspect of this work is eliminating discrimination, including in relation to ge
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nder-based violence (GBV). Whether authorities care to admit it or not, the Internet is an inseparable part of the society in which we live, and online GBV demands a resolute hand. Unfortunately, the gaps in legal frameworks, not to mention deficient law enforcement, are forcing women to self-censor online or even wholly abandon platforms that could be used for legitimate expression and the exercise of other fundamental rights. Unless governments take urgent, comprehensive action, the inadequate protection of women’s rights online will continue to erode any other legislative attempts to achieve equality across different spheres of life." (Conclusion)
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"Based on our engagement with multiple stakeholders involved in the movement to eliminate sexual and gender-based violence, the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) decided to develop this Glossary to identify and clarify key definitions that practitioners should, at a minimum, be well a
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cquainted with when working on issues of sexual and gender-based crimes or violations, and when engaging with victims and witnesses of these crimes. The Glossary is, by nature, not an exhaustive analysis of these terms, nor does it cover all terms and standards relevant to this topic. However, we hope it offers a starting point for explaining essential terms, rights, standards and other concepts that are often unknown, misunderstood or misused. It is a Glossary based on existing international standards, so that it can be used globally, even though some States may apply different definitions or follow different approaches. Those wishing to go more in depth in relation to each of the issues raised herein will find a significant number of references for further reading. While a reader may be familiar with many of the terms included, the Glossary seeks to contribute to correcting common misconceptions, and to highlight jurisprudence or other significant developments from all parts of the world. More broadly, the Glossary is a contribution to the development of a common language around sexual and gender-based violence and crimes, and to the creation of a coherent platform for civil society, governments, judicial institutions and other stakeholders to combat these violations and crimes." (Introduction)
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"This resource combines the collective wisdom of organizations on the front lines of combatting disinformation globally. This living project provides an outline of what’s being done to address the challenge in key areas and provides a searchable database of the organizations around the world engag
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ed in making the digital landscape safe for democracy. Effective democracies require that citizens have access to accurate and impartial electoral and political information. Disinformation campaigns spread cynicism, distort political processes and hinder citizens’ ability to make sound political decisions. Together we seek to identify what works, and expand the community engaged in this effort." (Publisher description)
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