"When a large-scale natural disaster occurs, such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, hurricane, or Covid-19, there will be "maldistribution or gap" in various aspects. Disparities in the shelter, gaps in aid or food items, gaps in access to health care, vaccine gaps, and so on. Inequality creates
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differences that are not found in everyday life, and these differences will lead to the destruction of the community. The most serious issue is a lack of information. It is critical that people can get accurate information fairly when recovering from a disaster because it is critical in solving all inequality problems. Community radio can be a real solution in this case." (Back cover)
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"Pakistan suffered from a massive earthquake in October 2005 that caused the deaths of more than 87 000 people. As a result of this calamity, around 3.5 million affected people had no access to information. In these scenarios, community media became an important catalyst. In developing countries, ra
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dio had proved far more accessible and useful than any other medium. But because of this natural hazard, local media also suffered heavily as dozens of journalists died and media houses and press clubs were destroyed. The current study attempted to explore the role of frequency modulation (FM) radio stations working in the earthquake hit areas in Pakistan. These stations were temporarily setup to inform the victims about the rehabilitation and reconstruction plans of the agencies involved. The data has been collected qualitatively through five focus group discussions which were conducted in the earthquake affected areas. Twelve in-depth interviews were also conducted for this purpose with FM stations personnel. The results revealed that the FM radio stations played a very important role in the rehabilitation phase by providing vital information to the victims, relief agencies and government. Lifesaving information like weather updates, precautionary measures in the tents, public service announcements and encouraging messages provided some hope to the victims to restart a normal life, and also motivated the students to restart their studies in make shift schools. These FM networks became the voice of the affected people and helped a lot in bridging the communication gaps between the affected, relief agencies and government, and also ensured citizens’ participation in decision-making processes." (Abstract)
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"This study, undertaken during the COVID-19 outbreak in Burkina Faso, found that radio enabled sharing of rapid, relevant, and reliable information, even during COVID-19 and a deteriorating security situation. Radio can be considered and deployed in emergency context as an urgent response tool. Huma
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nitarian actors can use radio to disseminate rapid, relevant, and reliable information to conflict-affected communities and counter disinformation. Involving affected communities in the production and dissemination of information, through interactive broadcasts and as sources of information, helps improve its effectiveness as a public health messaging tool." (Introduction)
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"The media is considered to be of utmost importance in all phases of disasters, before, during and after, with different types of media having different proactive roles to play in disaster risk reduction. Before disasters, they play essential roles not only in bringing early warning to people but al
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so in enhancing their perception of the need to take action. At during- and post-disaster response recovery phases, community radio and social media are the key. These necessitate a resilient media infrastructure as the core of uninterrupted coverage. Media literacy has become an important issue for several stakeholders, including governments. In addition, more focus is placed on media governance to look at the priorities of disaster risk reduction initiatives within the media. All of these are considered to lead to trust in the media, which further improves people's disaster response actions based on information from the media, before and during disasters." (Publisher description)
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"A community radio (CR) station stands as a lifeline for information and communication to the remote, marginalized and the most vulnerable during natural disasters like the Tamil Nadu Floods in 2015. As a result of this, a license was granted to allow the operation of an emergency community radio st
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ation ‘Peridar Kaala Vaanoli’ (PKV) (Tamil words meaning ‘Radio in the time of extreme calamity’). This became the first emergency radio station in the country. The current study aims to evaluate the reach and impact of the community radio PKV with broadcast frequency 107.8 MHz in communicating crisis information during the aftermath of the Tamil Nadu Floods, 2015 in Cuddalore district through an interview schedule of the listeners of Peridar Kaala Vaanoli. The study considers the aspects of the socio-economic profile of the listeners, influential factors of listenership and the impact created by the community radio. The respondents were found to be posing socio-economic vulnerability; the factors influencing listenership were communication style, information credibility and educational broadcasts. The psycho-social impact created by PKV includes issue mediation, knowledge empowerment and community development." (Abstract)
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"From 21 to 23 November 2018, eight communication officers working in French-speaking Africa for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) met in Dakar, Senegal, to talk about how they have used radio as a tool for humanitarian communication. They also learned how to evaluate their program
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mes’ impact with the help of Adrien Zerbini from Fondation Hirondelle, a Swiss non-governmental organization that provides information to communities in crisis so that they can take personal and political action. The ICRC and Fondation Hirondelle signed a memorandum of understanding in December 2017 on working together in the field. This guide serves as a written record of the best practices discussed at the Dakar workshop and provides simple, helpful, easy-to-use guidelines. The guide is divided into two sections: part one contains ten golden rules and some tips for producing a good radio broadcast; part two outlines the different types of broadcast and how to evaluate a programme’s impact." (Introduction)
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"Scholars from various research disciplines have focused on ways of helping a civilian population withstand mass natural or human-instigated disasters. The present study examines the theoretical principles suggested by Hobfoll et al. (safety, calming, efficacy, connectedness and hope) by an analysis
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of the spontaneous discourse of educational radio presenters during emergency broadcasts when the region’s residents live under the constant danger of rocket fire. This study analysed 198 broadcasting hours sampled from three different periods of military conflict (2008-14). The radio presenters’ spontaneous discourse was analysed by content, drawing a distinction between resilience-promoting (function) and resilience-impairing (dysfunction) messages. The findings show that despite the presenters’ intention to help the community contend with the difficult situation, numerous resilience-impairing messages also appeared in their spontaneous discourse. The present study contributes by providing an additional layer of theoretical research on interventions in community stress situations and looks at utilizing the potential inherent in educational radio as a tool to aid development of community resilience." (Abstract)
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"Radyo Bakdaw was set up by Internews in Guiuan, Eastern Samar after the typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan hit the Philippines on November 8th 2013. The typhoon passed through 9 provinces, an estimated 14 million people were affected by it, 4 million people were displaced and killing at least 6268 people. In t
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he 4,5 months that followed, Internews trained local radio makers to become humanitarian reporters, and gave a wider audience the chance to speak up, be listened to, and be part of the whole humanitarian response, as a 'Humanitarian Information Service'." (https://internews.org)
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"Internews’ Humanitarian Information Service in Haiti, which ran from October 2016 to February 2017, was a DFID funded humanitarian project with the goal to improve the quality of timely and actionable information exchanges with Haitian communities affected by Hurricane Matthew. Internews’ two-w
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ay communication model relied on gathering feedback from affected populations in order to directly address the issues that concern them the most, and to help humanitarian partners integrate their concerns into their programming and interventions. Through partner coordination and training, on-the-ground teams conducted data gathering and rumor tracking for feedback-based publications targeted to the affected population and for a humanitarian audience." (www.internews.org)
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"This Radio Distribution Module contains the collective knowledge of the Internews South Sudan team gained over three years’ experience conducting radio distributions within the United Nations Protection of Civilians sites (PoCs) and surrounding communities [...] “Part I. Context” describes th
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e information and media landscape in South Sudan and the continued prominence of radio in people’s lives. It summarizes research on the importance of information access for health, education, and peacebuilding outcomes, and highlights Internews’ radio distribution activities in service of these aims. “Part II. Case Study” details radio distributions conducted in the Bentiu PoC and Malakal to expand information access and listenership for Boda Boda Talk Talk and Nile FM programs. The case studies also include lessons learned, particularly the adaptive programming over time, in order to offer recommendations for future radio distributions." (Page 3)
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"[This] guide provides a detailed, step-by-step methodology for conducting a radio distribution, based on Internews’ experience in four HIS project locations: Malakal, Juba (UN House), Bentiu and Bor. The practical application of the guide will be particularly relevant for NGOs, UN agencies, CSOs,
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local authorities and any other organization seeking to carry out a radio distribution. This guide outlines the step-by-step processes and potential challenges that may arise. You will find information and advice on the entire process, including how to choose the right radio to suit your conditions, how to select beneficiaries, how to recruit staff, and how to monitor and evaluate the impact of the distribution." (Introduction)
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"This guide illustrates a step-by-step process of how to develop your own Humanitarian Radio station. Every crisis is different and the needs of the people affected are unique; therefore the information included here is meant as a guide, flexible enough to adapt to the individual needs of your commu
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nity. This manual does not insist that you follow a set of rules to start and operate your station. However it does offer important guidelines about the options you should consider, why they are important and how you can learn from the experiences of other communities. It includes practical tips, resources, and examples, as well as sample surveys, forms, job descriptions, and other tools for easy adaptation." (Page 7)
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"Part I: Context” describes the information and media landscape in South Sudan and the value of Humanitarian Radio as a tool for communicating with communities in a broad range of humanitarian scenarios. It also discusses how Humanitarian Radio promotes accountability and transparency for humanita
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rian agencies responding to crises. “Part II. Case Study” focuses on two Humanitarian Radio stations: Nile FM in the UN PoC in Malakal, and Jamjang FM in the Ajoung Thok refugee camp. The case studies also cover challenges and lessons learned in order to offer recommendations for future Humanitarian Radio projects." (Page 3)
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"The Listening Groups Module contains the collective knowledge of the Internews South Sudan team gained over three years’ experience managing more than 700 Listening Groups across the country [...] “Part I. Context” describes the information and media landscape in South Sudan, and the value of
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Listening Groups as a tool for communicating with communities, accountability, and adaptive programming. “Part II. Case Study” discusses the implementation of Listening Groups to gather feedback on HIS programs in Juba and Malakal, as well as the Listening Groups organized in Abyei to support Internews’ news and information project in the area. The case studies also cover challenges and lessons learned in order to offer recommendations for future Listening Group activities." (Page 3)
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"Internews has launched a three-part learning module on Boda Boda Talk Talk, the hyperlocal humanitarian information service currently operational in four United Nations Protection of Civilians Sites (PoCs) across the country. Part I of the module focuses on the theory and rationale behind a communi
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ty-led audio program produced to radio broadcast standards, describing how the political and humanitarian context in South Sudan—and unique local information ecosystem within the UN PoC sites—influenced BBTT’s design. Part II is a case study that describes how BBTT was designed and rolled out in Tong Ping (Juba) and Malakal/Wau Shilluk, including sections on challenges, adaptive programming, and recommendations for similar projects." (Internews website)
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"This guide outlines the step-by-step processes and potential challenges that may arise in setting up a Boda Boda Talk Talk (BBTT) project. In it, you will find information and advice on everything from what equipment to purchase, to how to build relationships with other humanitarian actors, to recr
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uiting staff and establishing listening groups. Given its straightforward setup, readily available equipment and relatively low cost, the BBTT model can be easily replicated and adapted to other humanitarian emergency contexts." (Page 7)
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"This synthesis of evidence suggests that BBC Media Action interventions have an important role to play in assisting people affected by crisis, and is consistent with other literature that highlights the role of media in providing accurate and reliable information in crisis. It highlights that, as w
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ith other forms of humanitarian assistance, mass media cannot fully meet people’s needs, and it works best alongside other interventions and actors, particularly locally based media broadcasters and other actors who can provide follow-up on issues raised and address locally specific issues and concerns." (Conclusion, page 56)
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"In August 2014 Internews launched Boda Boda Talk Talk (BBTT) in the Protection of Civilians site known as PoC 3 in Juba. PoC 3 is the newest site and is adjacent to the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) UN House base that contains PoC 1 and PoC 2. BBTT is a professionally produced reco
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rded audio Humanitarian Information Service (HIS). In order to reflect the voices of the community, Internews recruited and trained community correspondents who themselves had been affected and displaced from their homes [...] A first wave (Wave 1) of surveying on information needs was conducted in August 2014 [...] Since Wave 1, the population in PoC 3 has grown radically [...] Wave 2, was conducted in January 2015 to further investigate the information needs in the area and ascertain the impact and benefit BBTT has provided individuals in UN House PoC 3. In total 319 interviews with individuals were collected." (Introduction)
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"In February, 2014, Internews worked with Forcier Consulting to conduct a baseline survey of 612 respondents from the Tong Ping site to identify information needs, sources, and preferences to help guide their intervention strategies, and in April 2014 Internews again teamed up with Forcier Consultin
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g in order to conduct a second wave of data collection and assess the impact of [the humanitarian information service audio program] 'Boda Boda Talk Talk' (BBTT) while working towards a deeper understanding of general information needs at the Tong Ping site. A total of 402 respondents participated in the April 2014 information needs assessment. The results were extremely encouraging as community members in overwhelming numbers stated that they were listening frequently, and that they found the program both relevant and trustworthy. Nearly all (95.8%) survey respondents had heard of BBTT and of these almost two thirds (62.1%) listened to the program frequently."
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