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Understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on skills development

Kelly Shiohira

Paris; Bonn: UNESCO; UNEVOC (2021), 55 pp.

"This paper synthesizes research on current trends, programmes, policies and uses of AI related to technical and vocational education and training across six continents, covering developing and developed contexts, as a resource for stakeholders invested in the future of intermediate-level workers an ... more

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AI for Everyone? Critical Perspectives

Pieter Verdegem (ed.)

London: University of Westminster Press (2021), 300 pp.

"We are entering a new era of technological determinism and solutionism in which governments and business actors are seeking data-driven change, assuming that Artificial Intelligence is now inevitable and ubiquitous. But we have not even started asking the right questions, let alone developed an und ... more

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Emerging technology trends: Artificial intelligence and big data for development 4.0

Mirjana Stankovic, Aminata Amadou Garba, Nikola Neftenov

Geneva: ITU (2021), xv, 87 pp.

"Intended as a guide for policy-makers and other stakeholders in crafting a national AI and data strategy for development, the report highlights opportunities and outlines good policy and regulatory practices for implementation, while also flagging key challenges and offering hands-on suggestions in ... more

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The Next Wave of Disruption: Emerging Market Media Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. An Overview of New Technology Implementation in Emerging Market Media

Robert Shaw, Emiliana Garcia, Heghine Gyulnazaryan, Juan Melano, Jakub Parusinski, Alex Sabadan

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2021), 63 pp.

"Just as in the global context, new tools are being used by the media in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ALI/ML) is not limited to large, corporate media. But the reality of different news organisations with a variety of bu ... more

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Media and Information Literate Citizens: Think Critically, Click Wisely!
Key Guides

Alton Grizzle, Carolyn Wilson, Dorothy Gordon (eds.)

Paris: UNESCO, 2nd ed. (2021), 403 pp.

"This pioneering curriculum presents a comprehensive competency framework of media and information literacy and offers educators and leraners structured pedagogical suggestions. It features various detailed modules covering the range of competencies needed to navigate today’s communications ecosys ... more

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Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive: Konzeptionen - Anfragen - Impulse

Gotlind Ulshöfer, Peter G. Kirchschläger, Markus Huppenbauer (eds.)

Baden-Baden; Zürich: Nomos; Pano Verlag (2021), 310 pp.

"Es geht in diesem Band um die Fokussierung, Ethik und Religion als Teil von gesellschaftlichen Phänomenen zu verstehen, die insbesondere hinsichtlich Wirtschaft und Politik zu untersuchen sind. Da sich Gesellschaft heutzutage jedoch nicht mehr ohne Digitalisierung analysieren lässt, tritt für di ... more

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Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium
Deep Insights

Wolfgang Beck, Ilona Nord, Joachim Valentin (eds.)

Freiburg; Basel; Wien: Herder (2021), 524 pp.

"Die Beiträge des umfangreichen Handbuchs sondieren die verschiedenen Facetten und Bedeutungen der digitalen Revolution: die Kultur der Digitalität (Ethik, Ästhetik, öffentlicher Raum, Gesellschaftspolitik), die theologisch-anthropologische Dimension (Personsein, Identität, Menschenbild, existe ... more

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Handbook on Data Protection and Privacy for Developers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in India: Practical Guidelines for Responsible Development of AI

Divya Joy (ed.)

New Delhi: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2021), 103 pp.

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Archives, Access and Artificial Intelligence: Working with Born-Digital and Digitised Archival Collections

Lise Jaillant (ed.)

Bielefeld: Bielefeld University Press; transcript Verlag (2021), 330 pp.

"Cultural heritage organizations face at least three main challenges. First, the volume of digital archives makes it extremely difficult for archivists to assess records. Applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to archives is still at an experimental stage, but AI/ ML could b ... more

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Explicability of Humanitarian AI: A Matter of Principles

Giulio Coppi, Moreno Jimenez Rebeca, Sofia Kyriazi

Journal of International Humanitarian Action, volume 6, issue 19 (2021), 22 pp.

"In the debate on how to improve efficiencies in the humanitarian sector and better meet people’s needs, the argument for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADMs) systems has gained significant traction and ignited controversy for its ethical and human rights-re ... lated implications. Setting aside the implications of introducing unmanned and automated systems in warfare, we focus instead on the impact of the adoption of AI-based ADMs in humanitarian response. In order to maintain the status and protection conferred by the humanitarian mandate, aid organizations are called to abide by a broad set of rules condensed in the humanitarian principles and notably the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. But how do these principles operate when decision-making is automated? This article opens with an overview of AI and ADMs in the humanitarian sector, with special attention to the concept of algorithmic opacity. It then explores the transformative potential of these systems on the complex power dynamics between humanitarians, principled assistance, and affected communities during acute crises. Our research confirms that the existing flaws in accountability and epistemic processes can be also found in the mathematical and statistical formulas and in the algorithms used for automation, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and other efficiency-gaining-related processes. In doing so, our analysis highlights the potential harm to people resulting from algorithmic opacity, either through removal or obfuscation of the causal connection between triggering events and humanitarian services through the so-called black box effect (algorithms are often described as black boxes, as their complexity and technical opacity hide and obfuscate their inner workings (Diakopoulos, Tow Center for Digital Journ, 2017). Recognizing the need for a humanitarian ethics dimension in the analysis of automation, AI, and ADMs used in humanitarian action, we endorse the concept of “explicability” as developed within the ethical framework of machine learning and humancomputer interaction, together with a set of proxy metrics. Finally, we stress the need for developing auditable standards, as well as transparent guidelines and frameworks to rein in the risks of what has been defined as humanitarian experimentation (Sandvik, Jacobsen, and McDonald, Int. Rev. Red Cross 99(904), 319–344, 2017). This article concludes that accountability mechanisms for AI-based systems and ADMs used to respond to the needs of populations in situation of vulnerability should be an essential feature by default, in order to preserve the respect of the do no harm principle even in the digital dimension of aid. In conclusion, while we confirm existing concerns related to the adoption of AI-based systems and ADMs in humanitarian action, we also advocate for a roadmap towards humanitarian AI for the sector and introduce a tentative ethics framework as basis for future research." (Abstract) more

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Machine Learning and Meta-Ethnography: Seven Steps to Synthesising 578 Evaluations Into Four Themes

Stephen Porter, Harsh Anuj, Yingjia Liu et al.

Better Evaluation (2021), 7 pp.

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Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of the Digital Age

Gabriele Balbi, Nelson Ribeiro, Valérie Schafer, Christian Schwarzenegger (eds.)

Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg (2021), vi, 318 pp.

"As media environments and communication practices evolve over time, so do theoretical concepts. This book analyzes some of the most well-known and fiercely discussed concepts of the digital age from a historical perspective, showing how many of them have pre-digital roots and how they have changed ... more

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Minding the Future: Artificial Intelligence, Philosophical Visions and Science Fiction

Barry Dainton, Will Slocombe, Attila Tanyi (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2021), xiv, 287 pp.

"Bringing together literary scholars, computer scientists, ethicists, philosophers of mind, and scholars from affiliated disciplines, this collection of essays offers important and timely insights into the pasts, presents, and, above all, possible futures of Artificial Intelligence. This book covers ... more

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Policy guidance on AI for children

Virginia Dignum, Klara Pigmans, Steven Vosloo, Melanie Penagos

New York: UNICEF (2021), 59 pp.

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Der Wert der Digitalisierung: Gemeinwohl in der digitalen Welt

Chris Piallat (ed.)

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2021), 437 pp.

"Wie wahren wir die Menschen-, Grund- und Bürgerrechte? Und wie können wir unsere Werte für die Gestaltung disruptiver Innovationen und der digitalen Zukunft nutzen? Die Autor*innen aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Praxis zeigen auf, wie technologische Phänomene mit unseren Werten in Einklang gebra ... more

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Atlas of AI: power, politics, and the planetary costs of artificial intelligence

Kate Crawford

New Haven; London: Yale University Press (2021), 327 pp.

"What happens when artificial intelligence saturates political life and depletes the planet? How is AI shaping our understanding of ourselves and our societies? In this book Kate Crawford reveals how this planetary network is fueling a shift toward undemocratic governance and increased inequality. D ... more

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Engendering AI: A Gender and Ethics Perspective on Artificial Intelligence in Africa

Favour Borokini, Sandra Nabulega, Garnett Achieng

Pollicy (2021), 22 pp.

"Although AI solutions have the potential to drive growth and development across major sectors such as finance, agriculture, and healthcare, the AI industry is currently still based in North America, Europe, and Asia, with Africa, unfortunately, still underrepresented (Jungblut, 2020). This is a thr ... more

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Artificial Intelligence for Africa

Stefano Sedola, Andrea Junior Pescino, Tira Greene

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2021), 67 pp.

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Countering Terrorism Online with Artificial Intelligence: An Overview for Law Enforcement and Counter-Terrorism Agencies in South Asia and South-East Asia

New York; Torino (IT): United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT); United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) (2021), 49 pp.

"[...] this report serves as an introduction to the use of AI to counter terrorism online for law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in the regions of South Asia and South-East Asia. This report is introductory in nature as a result of the limited publicly available information on the degree ... of technological readiness of law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in these regions, which is considered likely to be indicative of limited experience with this technology. In this regard, the report provides a broad assessment of different use cases of AI, demonstrating the opportunities of the technology, as well as curbing out the challenges. The report is intended to serve as an initial mapping of AI, contextualizing possible use cases of the technology that could theoretically be deployed in the regions, whilst juxtaposing this with the key challenges that authorities must overcome to ensure the use of AI is responsible and human rights compliant. Give its introductory nature, this report is by no means intended to be an exhaustive overview of the application of AI to counter terrorism online. The report is divided into five chapters. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the context of terrorism, Internet usage in South Asia and South-East Asia and AI. The second chapter introduces and explains some key terms, technologies, and processes relevant for this report from a technical perspective. The third chapter maps applications of AI in the context of countering the terrorist use of the Internet and social media, focusing on six identified use cases, namely: i) Predictive analytics for terrorist activities; ii) Identifying red flags of radicalization; iii) Detecting mis- and disinformation spread by terrorists for strategic purposes; iv) Automated content moderation and takedown; v) Countering terrorist and violent extremist narratives; and vi) Managing heavy data analysis demands. The fourth chapter examines the challenges that law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies must be prepared to address in their exploration of the technology, in particular specific political and legal challenges, as well as technical issues. The report concludes with the fifth and final chapter, which provides high-level recommendations for law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in South Asia and South-East Asia to take onboard to support them to navigate the challenges described in terms of the use of AI to counter terrorism online." (Executive summary, page 7) more

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Managing Machine Learning Projects in International Development: A Practical Guide

USAID; Vital Wave; DAI (2020), 70 pp.

"This guide has explored some of the key considerations that should inform the conceptualization and implementation of Machine Learning (ML) and artifical intelligence (AI) components within a development project. New, automated decision systems can offer considerable and rapid efficiency gains, but ... more

Media and Information Literate Citizens: Think Critically, Click Wisely! Key Guides

Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium Deep Insights

Media and Information Literate Citizens: Think Critically, Click Wisely!
Key Guides

Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium
Deep Insights