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Landscape Study of AI Policies and Use in Southern Africa: Research Report

Harare: UNESCO Office in Harare (2022), 89 pp.

"This report is intended to provide a broad review of the use and emerging governance of AI technology in Southern Africa. It aims at initiating public discussions and policy dialogue not only on the technological implications of the use of AI, but also on the social, political, and ethical signific ... more

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Cyber Security Politics: Socio-Technological Transformations and Political Fragmentation

Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Andreas Wenger (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2022), xii, 272 pp.

"Structured along two broad themes and providing empirical examples for how socio-technical changes and political responses interact, the first part of the book looks at the current use of cyberspace in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state acto ... more

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Inteligencia Artificial y participación en América Latina: Las estrategias nacionales de IA

Laura Hernández, María Paz Canales, Michel de Souza

Derechos Digitales (2022), 55 pp.

"Con la finalidad de conocer el grado de participación de las partes interesadas en la elaboración de las Estrategias Nacionales de Inteligencia Artificial de Brasil, Colombia, Chile y Uruguay, fue realizada la presente investigación. Para responder a esta inquietud, los datos a analizar fueron o ... btenidos de información pública contenida en páginas web oficiales de las instituciones de los países estudiados, así como información proporcionada por participantes de los procesos de consulta en cada uno de estos países. Como conclusión principal podemos señalar que se hicieron esfuerzos por generar espacios para el aporte de las partes interesadas, a través de mecanismos básicos de participación como la recepción de comentarios mediante plataformas online o correo electrónico. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos aún son insuficientes para dotar de empoderamiento a la ciudadanía en la toma de decisiones sobre políticas públicas que puedan afectar directamente el goce de sus derechos. Incluso, cabe señalar que, dentro de estos procesos de consulta, aún persisten falencias como la falta de inclusión efectiva de grupos históricamente marginalizados y personas con discapacidad. También fallan mecanismos de transparencia efectivos que permitan conocer el contenido de la toma de decisiones respecto a los comentarios que son aportados; a su vez existen problemas para rastrear el destino de estos comentarios, respecto a su aceptación o rechazo y las razones justificadas para tales consideraciones. El presente trabajo está dividido de la siguiente manera: Una primera sección con los estudios de caso de los cuatro países, en la que se describen brevemente las estrategias nacionales. Incluye datos generales y la descripción sucinta de sus objetivos y ejes de acción. En la segunda sección se describe el proceso de elaboración de las estrategias digitales y se evalúa, en particular, el grado de participación de las partes interesadas, a la luz de los criterios de accesibilidad y apertura; información y transparencia; diversidad; efectividad del proceso de consulta; participación pública efectiva; y, rendición de cuentas y trazabilidad de la toma de decisiones. En la tercera sección se evalúa de manera breve los resultados de los procesos de participación; para ello se realiza una caracterización de los participantes, dividiéndolos en sociedad civil, sector privado, instituciones públicas, academia, comunidad técnica y personas naturales. Se presenta el porcentaje de comentarios realizados por cada una de las categorías y se presentan las valoraciones de los informantes respecto a si consideran que sus aportes fueron tomados en cuenta en el documento final de la estrategia nacional. A continuación, se presenta una evaluación crítica comparativa de los resultados de los casos considerando el diseño del proceso de participación y los resultados verificados. Finalmente, se presentan unas conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre el grado de participación de múltiples partes interesadas que pueden aportar más insumos para futuros procesos de elaboración de políticas públicas digitales." (Resumen ejecutivo, páginas 6-7) more

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Elections in Digital Times: A Guide for Electoral Practitioners
Key Guides

Robert Krimmer, Armin Rabitsch, Nathan Licht Marta Achler

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 146 pp.

"This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of international and regional standards and commitments related to the rights to freedom of expression, access to information, political participation, and privacy in the area of the internet, social media and Artificial Intelligence in elections. It al ... more

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Human in the loop: Decisioni umane e intelligenze artificiali

Paolo Benanti

Milano: Mondadori (2022), 161 pp.

"Le intelligenze artificiali permeano molti aspetti del vivere quotidiano: fare una ricerca in internet, chiedere un prestito, cercare lavoro e anche conoscere una persona attraverso una piattaforma avviene mediante l’azione di vari algoritmi di intelligenza artificiale. Queste tecnologie, proprio ... more

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Counter the Digital Monoculture: Building an Inclusive Environment

Hivos (2022), 45 pp.

"Hivos sees vital opportunities to support creatives and build alternative digital spaces and activist communities that will stand up to the digital monoculture. They are essential if we want to imagine and work towards a more humane and sustainable digital future. In 'Counter the Digital Monocultur ... more

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The Promises and Perils of Applying Artificial Intelligence for Social Good in Entrepreneurship

Nicole Siebold, Ali Aslan Gümüsay, Georg von Richthofen

Berlin: Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG) (2022), 30 pp.

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FAIR Forward: Artificial Intelligence for All

Berlin: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) (2022), 2 pp.

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Minding the Future: Artificial Intelligence, Philosophical Visions and Science Fiction

Barry Dainton, Will Slocombe, Attila Tanyi (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2021), xiv, 287 pp.

"Bringing together literary scholars, computer scientists, ethicists, philosophers of mind, and scholars from affiliated disciplines, this collection of essays offers important and timely insights into the pasts, presents, and, above all, possible futures of Artificial Intelligence. This book covers ... more

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Artificial Intelligence for Africa

Stefano Sedola, Andrea Junior Pescino, Tira Greene

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2021), 67 pp.

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Countering Terrorism Online with Artificial Intelligence: An Overview for Law Enforcement and Counter-Terrorism Agencies in South Asia and South-East Asia

New York; Torino (IT): United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT); United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) (2021), 49 pp.

"[...] this report serves as an introduction to the use of AI to counter terrorism online for law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in the regions of South Asia and South-East Asia. This report is introductory in nature as a result of the limited publicly available information on the degree ... of technological readiness of law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in these regions, which is considered likely to be indicative of limited experience with this technology. In this regard, the report provides a broad assessment of different use cases of AI, demonstrating the opportunities of the technology, as well as curbing out the challenges. The report is intended to serve as an initial mapping of AI, contextualizing possible use cases of the technology that could theoretically be deployed in the regions, whilst juxtaposing this with the key challenges that authorities must overcome to ensure the use of AI is responsible and human rights compliant. Give its introductory nature, this report is by no means intended to be an exhaustive overview of the application of AI to counter terrorism online. The report is divided into five chapters. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the context of terrorism, Internet usage in South Asia and South-East Asia and AI. The second chapter introduces and explains some key terms, technologies, and processes relevant for this report from a technical perspective. The third chapter maps applications of AI in the context of countering the terrorist use of the Internet and social media, focusing on six identified use cases, namely: i) Predictive analytics for terrorist activities; ii) Identifying red flags of radicalization; iii) Detecting mis- and disinformation spread by terrorists for strategic purposes; iv) Automated content moderation and takedown; v) Countering terrorist and violent extremist narratives; and vi) Managing heavy data analysis demands. The fourth chapter examines the challenges that law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies must be prepared to address in their exploration of the technology, in particular specific political and legal challenges, as well as technical issues. The report concludes with the fifth and final chapter, which provides high-level recommendations for law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in South Asia and South-East Asia to take onboard to support them to navigate the challenges described in terms of the use of AI to counter terrorism online." (Executive summary, page 7) more

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Handbook on Data Protection and Privacy for Developers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in India: Practical Guidelines for Responsible Development of AI

Divya Joy (ed.)

New Delhi: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2021), 103 pp.

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Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive: Konzeptionen - Anfragen - Impulse

Gotlind Ulshöfer, Peter G. Kirchschläger, Markus Huppenbauer (eds.)

Baden-Baden; Zürich: Nomos; Pano Verlag (2021), 310 pp.

"Es geht in diesem Band um die Fokussierung, Ethik und Religion als Teil von gesellschaftlichen Phänomenen zu verstehen, die insbesondere hinsichtlich Wirtschaft und Politik zu untersuchen sind. Da sich Gesellschaft heutzutage jedoch nicht mehr ohne Digitalisierung analysieren lässt, tritt für di ... more

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WorldCat (287)

Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium
Deep Insights

Wolfgang Beck, Ilona Nord, Joachim Valentin (eds.)

Freiburg; Basel; Wien: Herder (2021), 524 pp.

"Die Beiträge des umfangreichen Handbuchs sondieren die verschiedenen Facetten und Bedeutungen der digitalen Revolution: die Kultur der Digitalität (Ethik, Ästhetik, öffentlicher Raum, Gesellschaftspolitik), die theologisch-anthropologische Dimension (Personsein, Identität, Menschenbild, existe ... more

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Explicability of Humanitarian AI: A Matter of Principles

Giulio Coppi, Moreno Jimenez Rebeca, Sofia Kyriazi

Journal of International Humanitarian Action, volume 6, issue 19 (2021), 22 pp.

"In the debate on how to improve efficiencies in the humanitarian sector and better meet people’s needs, the argument for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADMs) systems has gained significant traction and ignited controversy for its ethical and human rights-re ... lated implications. Setting aside the implications of introducing unmanned and automated systems in warfare, we focus instead on the impact of the adoption of AI-based ADMs in humanitarian response. In order to maintain the status and protection conferred by the humanitarian mandate, aid organizations are called to abide by a broad set of rules condensed in the humanitarian principles and notably the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. But how do these principles operate when decision-making is automated? This article opens with an overview of AI and ADMs in the humanitarian sector, with special attention to the concept of algorithmic opacity. It then explores the transformative potential of these systems on the complex power dynamics between humanitarians, principled assistance, and affected communities during acute crises. Our research confirms that the existing flaws in accountability and epistemic processes can be also found in the mathematical and statistical formulas and in the algorithms used for automation, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and other efficiency-gaining-related processes. In doing so, our analysis highlights the potential harm to people resulting from algorithmic opacity, either through removal or obfuscation of the causal connection between triggering events and humanitarian services through the so-called black box effect (algorithms are often described as black boxes, as their complexity and technical opacity hide and obfuscate their inner workings (Diakopoulos, Tow Center for Digital Journ, 2017). Recognizing the need for a humanitarian ethics dimension in the analysis of automation, AI, and ADMs used in humanitarian action, we endorse the concept of “explicability” as developed within the ethical framework of machine learning and humancomputer interaction, together with a set of proxy metrics. Finally, we stress the need for developing auditable standards, as well as transparent guidelines and frameworks to rein in the risks of what has been defined as humanitarian experimentation (Sandvik, Jacobsen, and McDonald, Int. Rev. Red Cross 99(904), 319–344, 2017). This article concludes that accountability mechanisms for AI-based systems and ADMs used to respond to the needs of populations in situation of vulnerability should be an essential feature by default, in order to preserve the respect of the do no harm principle even in the digital dimension of aid. In conclusion, while we confirm existing concerns related to the adoption of AI-based systems and ADMs in humanitarian action, we also advocate for a roadmap towards humanitarian AI for the sector and introduce a tentative ethics framework as basis for future research." (Abstract) more

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Engendering AI: A Gender and Ethics Perspective on Artificial Intelligence in Africa

Favour Borokini, Sandra Nabulega, Garnett Achieng

Pollicy (2021), 22 pp.

"Although AI solutions have the potential to drive growth and development across major sectors such as finance, agriculture, and healthcare, the AI industry is currently still based in North America, Europe, and Asia, with Africa, unfortunately, still underrepresented (Jungblut, 2020). This is a thr ... more

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Media and Information Literate Citizens: Think Critically, Click Wisely!
Key Guides

Alton Grizzle, Carolyn Wilson, Dorothy Gordon (eds.)

Paris: UNESCO, 2nd ed. (2021), 403 pp.

"This pioneering curriculum presents a comprehensive competency framework of media and information literacy and offers educators and leraners structured pedagogical suggestions. It features various detailed modules covering the range of competencies needed to navigate today’s communications ecosys ... more

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Machine Learning and Meta-Ethnography: Seven Steps to Synthesising 578 Evaluations Into Four Themes

Stephen Porter, Harsh Anuj, Yingjia Liu et al.

Better Evaluation (2021), 7 pp.

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Understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on skills development

Kelly Shiohira

Paris; Bonn: UNESCO; UNEVOC (2021), 55 pp.

"This paper synthesizes research on current trends, programmes, policies and uses of AI related to technical and vocational education and training across six continents, covering developing and developed contexts, as a resource for stakeholders invested in the future of intermediate-level workers an ... more

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Archives, Access and Artificial Intelligence: Working with Born-Digital and Digitised Archival Collections

Lise Jaillant (ed.)

Bielefeld: Bielefeld University Press; transcript Verlag (2021), 330 pp.

"Cultural heritage organizations face at least three main challenges. First, the volume of digital archives makes it extremely difficult for archivists to assess records. Applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to archives is still at an experimental stage, but AI/ ML could b ... more

Elections in Digital Times: A Guide for Electoral Practitioners Key Guides

Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium Deep Insights

Media and Information Literate Citizens: Think Critically, Click Wisely! Key Guides

Elections in Digital Times: A Guide for Electoral Practitioners
Key Guides

Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium
Deep Insights

Media and Information Literate Citizens: Think Critically, Click Wisely!
Key Guides