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Project: Promoting Professional Standards & Enhancing the Watchdog Role of the Ghanaian Media

Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2020), 5 pp.

"The guide below serves as a Glossary of Definitions of the basic principles of ethics to be monitored. It is designed to assist and guide the Monitor in understanding properly and identifying accurately, any violations of particular Ethical principles by the media. The list here is not exhaustive. ... more

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Social Media Monitoring During Elections: Cases and Best Practice to Inform Electoral Observation Missions

Rafael Schmuziger Goldzweig, Bruno Lupion, Michael Meyer-Resende

Open Society Foundations (2019), 41 pp.

"The regulatory gap between online and offline political communication and elections is staggering. Even as monitors track broadcast media and advertising, elections are manipulated online. Initial responses by recent international electoral observation missions in Kenya, Georgia and Nigeria – as ... more

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Can Machine Learning Help Us Measure the Trustworthiness of News?

Samhir Vasdev

Washington, DC: IREX (2018), 34 pp.

"IREX partnered with Lore.Ai to test whether machine learning software can automatically detect news articles that contains journalists’ own opinions. This matters because impartial, fact-based news is a powerful indicator for the quality of media and the vibrancy of an information ecosystem. A te ... more

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Manuel d'observation des médias pendant la période électorale: Un guide d'observation à l'attention des médias et des missions d'observation électorales

Paul Nkuadio Ntemo

Arcata, Calif.: Internews (2017), 131 pp.

"Ce manuel a pour but d’accompagner les missions d’observation électorale dans leur mission de surveillance des contenus médiatiques et des discours politiques, la qualité du discours des acteurs politiques et le comportement des médias dans une période clé de la vie démocratique. Il donn ... more

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Violações de direitos na mídia brasileira: Guia de monitoramento. Uma ferramenta prática para identificar violações de direitos no campo da comunicação de massa

Suzana Varjão

ANDI;Intervozes (2015), 80 pp.

"Esse Guia é decorrente de forte demanda do movimento social brasileiro, provocada pela proliferação de narrativas midiáticas que violam direitos elementares, previstos em lei. Capitaneada pela TV, a tendência espraia-se por outros meios e dilui as fronteiras entre jornalismo e entretenimento, ... more

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Media and Elections: A Guide for Electoral Practitioners

David Ward et al.

New York: UNDP (2014), vi, 110 pp.

"This guide is designed to be a key reference tool for electoral practitioners including electoral management bodies (EMBs), independent broadcasting authorities and international assistance providers. It aims at improving an understanding of some of the key issues related to media and elections. Th ... more

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Citizens' Media: Citizens' Watchdog Groups and Observatories

Rosa María Alfaro Moreno

In: The Handbook of Development Communication and Social Change

Karin Gwinn Wilkins; Thomas Tufte; Rafael Obregón (eds.)

Chichester: Wiley Blackwell (2014), pp. 411-425

"Media consumption today takes on first order meanings that we can challenge, understand and clarify. This is where the audience learns to believe in watchdogging and vice versa. Citizen watchdog groups (Veedurias) attempt to critically understand public narratives beyond first order meanings that a ... more

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Kenya's Media Landscape: A Success Story with Serious Structural Challenges

Christoph Schmidt (ed.)

Leipzig: Vistas (2014), 180 pp.

"Kenya’s 2010 Constitution guarantees press freedom in a way the country has never previously seen. However, the concentration of media ownership and pending consensus on new media legislation are tarnishing the triumphs of Kenya’s media liberalization and development. Regulation of news content ... more

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Mitigating Media Incitement to Violence in Iraq: A Locally Driven Approach

Maureen Taylor, Theo Dolan

Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2013), 17 pp.

"The Iraqi media sector is polarized, with news content often representing political positions. In a postconflict environment such as Iraq, this polarized content can become inflammatory, potentially inciting violence and diminishing the chances for Iraq to move forward in its transition to a peacef ... more

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Building Alliances for Gender and Media

Media Development, volume 60, issue 4 (2013), pp. 1-36

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Evaluation of Media Cooperation Under the Danish Arab Partnership Programme (2005-12)

Rikke Ingrid Jensen, Alain Modot, Joachim Raffelberg, A. Sofie Jannusch, May Mahmoud Shalabieh

Copenhagen: DANIDA;Transtec (2013), 132 pp.

"According to the Danida website "The Danish Arab Partnership Programme (DAPP) is a long-term programme with the dual objectives of 1) supporting local reform processes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) and 2) Establishing a basis for improved dialogue, understanding and cooperation ... more

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Twitter as Media Watch-Dog? Lessons from India’s Radia Tapes Scandal

Kalyani Chadha

Global Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 2 (2012), pp. 171-176

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The ACE Encyclopaedia: Media and Elections

ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, revised ed. (2012), 232 pp.

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Handbook on Media Monitoring for Election Observation Missions

Warsaw: OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) (2012), 74 pp.

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The Media for Democracy Monitor: A Cross National Study of Leading News Media

Josef Trappel, Hannu Nieminen, Lars Nord (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2011), 366 pp.

"To what extent do the structures and conduct of leading news media correspond with their specific democratic role? Authors from 10 countries provide empirical evidence based on the 26 indicators included in the Media for Democracy Monitor." (Back cover)

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All the Sides of Censorship: Online Media Accountability Practices in Pre-Revolutionary Tunisia

Riadh Ferjani

Tampere: University of Tampere, Journalism Research and Development Centre (2011), 22 pp.

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Media Accountability Practices Online in Syria: An Indicator for Changing Perceptions of Journalism

Judith Pies, Philip Madanat

Tampere: University of Tampere, Journalism Research and Development Centre (2011), 24 pp.

"Media Accountability in Syria is more a question of re-defining the role of media in society than working on transparency practices or establishing self-regulation. This is due to strong state control and the mobilisation role mass media has been playing in Syria for decades. Before opening its med ... ia market for private publications in 2001 Syrian media was controlled either by the state or the ruling Baath party. Media accountability institutions like press councils or ombudspersons were simply not necessary in this concept of media and therefore do not exist. The only professional organisation, the Syrian Journalists Syndicate, did not act as a representative of independent journalists but as a representative of the regime. Additionally, as all journalists and media outlets had to work for more or less the same purpose, norms for guiding individual or organisational decisions – such as a code of ethics – were superfluous. Although these conditions still persist in major parts of the media field, news websites have particularly contributed to a shift in society’s perception of the role of media by paving the way for media accountability practices in the field of responsiveness. Even though instruments for responsiveness might be part of an economic strategy of news websites to enter and survive the news media field, news websites have introduced an audience oriented journalism approach by providing collaborative story writing or possibilities for the audience to comment on news. This is a fundamental change in role perception as mobilising media was merely meant to serve the Baath elite and its ideas. Thus, the audience as a neglected actor of accountability seems to have entered the field. In addition, news websites have added new topics to the traditional news agenda by taking the audience into account, and thus have contributed to holding the media accountable for aspects the old media does not cover. Thus, at least in some cases, media has played the role of being a watchdog over political decisions, which role media has never previously adopted. have particularly contributed to a shift in society’s perception of the role of media by paving the way for media accountability practices in the field of responsiveness. Even though instruments for responsiveness might be part of an economic strategy of news websites to enter and survive the news media field, news websites have introduced an audience oriented journalism approach by providing collaborative story writing or possibilities for the audience to comment on news. This is a fundamental change in role perception as mobilising media was merely meant to serve the Baath elite and its ideas. Thus, the audience as a neglected actor of accountability seems to have entered the field." (Summary) more

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New Media – Old Problems: Online Practices of Media Accountability in Lebanon

Judith Pies, Philip Madanat, Christine Elsaeßer

Tampere: University of Tampere, Journalism Research and Development Centre (2011), 23 pp.

"Lebanon’s media has been envied for its press freedom and high quality by many Arabs from the region for decades. After 15 years of civil war the media had quickly started to flourish again. Yet, internal and external observers have been concerned about the close links between the media and polit ... more

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Beyond State Regulation: How Online Practices Contribute to Holding the Media Accountable in Jordan

Judith Pies, Philip Madanat

Tampere: University of Tampere, Journalism Research and Development Centre (2011), 41 pp.

"Holding the news media accountable has traditionally been a task of the state in Jordan. Media laws and regulations are numerous and do not leave too much space for self-regulatory practices on a national basis. The Jordan Press Association (JPA) is the core of so-called established media accountab ... more

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El periodismo es noticia: Tendencias sobre comunicación en el siglo XXI

Pascual Serrano

Quito: CIESPAL (2011), 125 pp.

"[...] La mayoría de los asuntos que se a bordan en este libro han podido afectar a la gran mayoría de los probables lectores, sin embargo la mayoría de ellos no se detuvieron a analizarlos. Esta obra pretende obligarnos a parar un instante y pensar sobre diversas cuestiones relacionadas con los ... more