"The period between 2014 through the end of 2018 has seen 495 journalists killed, according to UNESCO data, which represents an 18% increase in the number of killings as compared to the preceding 5-year period (2009-2013). Based on the number of killings, the most dangerous regions for journalists a
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re the Arab States region, the Latin America and Caribbean region and the Asia and the Pacific region. Across all regions the vast majority of killings were of local journalists, rather than foreign reporters. The five-year period saw an inversion in the proportion of journalists being killed outside of conflict zones. While in 2014 a majority of journalist killings occurred in conflict regions, in 2017 and 2018 more killings (55% in both years) occurred outside conflict regions. This trend reflects the changing nature of violence against journalists, who were increasingly silenced for reporting on issues of corruption, crime and politics. Although the vast majority of journalists killed are men, killings of women journalists almost doubled relative to the previous 5-year period (24 female journalists were killed in 2009-2013, compared to 46 in 2014-2018). The issue of impunity remains widespread, with only 131 cases of journalists’ killings reported by Member States as being resolved since 2006, representing an overall impunity rate of 88%." (Executive summary, page 8)
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"The Handbook showcases IAWRT members’ experiences and best practices for working towards advancing gender equality in and on the media in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, India and Uganda." (Publisher description)
"This study has reconfirmed that the challenges facing media women still persist. The glass ceiling is still intact. There are still fewer women in decision making position than man. Women are more likely to be paid less than their male counterparts and upward mobility is very small. Situations wher
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e women are asked favours so that they can have stories published or get choice assignments is a reality among media women. It is still difficult for trained women journalists to get employment in media outlets than men even though more women are graduating from tertiary colleges and universities. Although the propensity to get cheap labour and hence less educated journalists also involves male journalists but the cards are much more stacked against women." (Executive summary, page 2)
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"La publicidad pareciera ser una industria con marcada paridad laboral si se la evalúa desde el punto de vista de la inclusión de las mujeres como fuerza laboral, ya que éstas representan el 49,5% de las personas empleadas. Sin embargo, el análisis al interior del rubro da cuenta de notables des
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equilibrios reflejados en fenómenos de segregación vertical y horizontal de las mujeres. Por otra parte, no existen personas transgénero trabajando actualmente en las empresas consultadas. El techo de cristal (segregación vertical) se observa claramente en la propiedad de las empresas que en un 96% pertenecen a profesionales varones y en la dirección de las mismas, donde los varones ocupan también un alto porcentaje (69%) de las posiciones jerárquicas más altas como las presidencias y las direcciones o jefaturas ejecutivas máximas (CEO). Si bien en el nivel de las direcciones, coordinaciones y jefaturas de áreas las cifras alcanzan una mayor paridad (44% mujeres y 56% varones), es aquí donde comienza a hacerse más palpable el entrecruzamiento con la segregación horizontal: los varones predominan en el Área Creativa, que es la más valorada simbólica y económicamente en la industria, mientras que las mujeres son mayoría en las áreas administrativas y de servicios al cliente (Cuentas). De la misma manera se percibe la desigualdad en lo correspondiente a la brecha salarial, ya que, aunque formalmente, según los acuerdos salariales establecidos, el Área de Cuentas y Creatividad perciben los mismos sueldos, especialmente en las posiciones más altas la práctica no pareciera ser así. Conforme surge de los testimonios de directivos y trabajadoras/os entrevistados/as, los pagos correspondientes al Área de Cuentas serían menores, y sobre la base formal de los acuerdos salariales el Área Administrativa es la peor rentada de todas." (Conclusiones, página 158)
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"A year ago, I set our teams a challenge: to aim for at least 50% women contributing to BBC programmes and content by April 2019. In this report, you’ll see how they’ve turned that challenge into a creative opportunity which has fundamentally transformed our approach to representation. This repo
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rt is an important milestone for the BBC and for our industry. It is proof that fair representation need not be an aspiration. It can be something we do every day. And it drives creative excellence and success. One of the most remarkable aspects of 50:50 is that it’s voluntary: it’s grown because our teams have embraced the ambition. From something that started with one team in our newsroom, we now have up to 5,000 commissioners, producers, journalists and presenters taking part. I have the greatest admiration for what they’ve achieved. I would also like to extend a warm welcome to our partners. It’s been fantastic to see 50:50 expanding across the world, with pilots running from Europe to America, South Africa and Australia." (Foreword)
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"The literature on public figures attacked by their audiences is unclear why female and male figures react differently to attacks. This study examines why female journalists are more likely than male journalists to use avoidance strategies as a reaction to online attacks. Avoidance includes limiting
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audience engagement, adapting reporting behavior, and thinking about quitting journalism. Drawing on social role theory and gender stereotypes, this study contrasts two explanatory hypotheses. The results, based on mediation analyses of online survey data of 637 journalists representative of Switzerland, show that women are more likely than men to use avoidance strategies because women are more stressed by attacks. This heightened stress is argued to result from differences in gender role socialization. In contrast, while women are somewhat more severely attacked than men, this cannot explain their greater probability of avoidance. Results contribute a theoretically and empirically rich explanation of gendered reactions to attacks." (Abstract)
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"International media coverage of the Arab world and its many complex, interconnected conflicts is dominated by the work of Western correspondents, many of whom are white and male--meaning we see only one side of the story. But a growing number of intrepid Arab women, whose access to and understandin
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g of their subjects are vastly different than their Western counterparts, are working tirelessly to shape more nuanced narratives about their homelands through their work as reporters and photojournalists. Their voices have rarely been heard on the international stage--until now. In Our Women on the Ground, nineteen of these women tell us, in their own words, about what it's like to report on conflicts that are (quite literally) close to home. From sexual harassment on the streets of Cairo to the impossibility of traveling without a male relative in Yemen, their challenges are unique--as are their advantages, such as being able to speak candidly with other women or gain entry to places that an outsider would never be able to access. Their daring, shocking, and heartfelt stories, told here for the first time, shatter stereotypes about Arab women and provide an urgently needed perspective on a part of the world that is often misunderstood." (Publisher description)
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"Pre-publication censorship has been abolished, private journals and papers abound (although the issue of consolidation caused by financial strains is another matter) and, depending on your calculations, there are between 2,000 and 5,000 accredited journalists in Myanmar, at least half of whom are w
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omen. Yet you could count on one hand the number of women in leadership positions in the local media landscape … In the words of Nai Nai, a former journalist who worked first for the Southeast Asian Press Alliance and now FOJO (and conducted the interview with Ye Naing Moe in this volume), "The hardest challenge of all is the attitude from male senior staff who do not want to accept and respect the effort and capacity of women. The top-down communication and 'don't talk back' culture is a huge issue to tackle." Women journalists, instead of being respected, are seen as "incapable, burdensome, emotional and unable to reason", added Nai Nai. Her family of journalistic talent also includes a younger sister who left her job as a producer with a television station to give birth, becoming yet another statistic of female journalists whose careers were cut short after choosing to start a family." (Pages 243-244)
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"Across time, in a variety of forms and spaces -from homes and workplaces to digital domains of social media- women have become victims of male dominance. So also are the other vulnerable sections that suffer multi-layered abuse, and endure sexual harassment in social media. Yet, this phenomenon is
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insufficiently explored. Therefore, this article argues that social media spaces have become domains for sexual harassment and subjugation of women. This article examines gender-trolling on Twitter as a form of sexual violence against women. Employing qualitative analyses of the Twitter conversations on Indian journalists, namely Barkha Dutt, Sagarika Ghose, and Rana Ayyub, it exposes the nature and form of sexual violence against women on the micro-blogging space, and argues that social media platforms constitute convenient havens of harassment against assertive women." (Abstract)
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"More men than women work in the media, including in management positions. Women have joined the industry in greater numbers in recent years, particularly through recruitment of university graduates; radio has the highest proportion of young women journalists. A higher proportion of women had full-t
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ime contracts; freelancers (a relatively smaller group overall) are dominated by male journalists, particularly in provincial areas. Women journalists faced pressure on their careers from family primarily around security fears for journalists in the field. Cambodia’s journalists face many threats covering political and other disputes. Women are assumed to be more vulnerable. Men therefore receive greater opportunities for field travel. Nevertheless women covered almost the same breadth of beats as men, with the main exception being male-dominated crime reporting." (Executive summary)
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"Women in News Somalia aims to increase women’s leadership and voices in the media. It does so by equipping women journalists and editors with the skills, strategies, and support networks to take on greater leadership positions within their media. Through a two-year programme (2015-2017) twelve wo
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men media professionals from across Somalia and Somaliland participated in a combination of training, mentoring, coaching and networking to learn practical skills and gain more confidence in their ability to play a key role in the Somali media sector. The WIN Somalia programme consisted of three gatherings where media management and career management training were delivered together with one-on-one coaching to identify and create a tailored career roadmap for each participant." (Page 1)
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"This report provides an overview of the profile of women in the Papua New Guinea media sector, focussing on major or signifcant media outlets in the capital, Port Moresby. The purpose of this report is to provide background information and analysis needed to make recommendations to overcome barrier
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s to women being in decision making positions and to progress professionally within their organisations and the media sector overall. The first part of the study provides a sector overview of gender diversity at the decision-making level and the number of policies, practices, and opportunities available to support women in the workplace. In total, 13 media organisations across, radio, TV, print and online participated in the study [...] The second part of the study analyses interviews from female and male media sector personnel with experience ranging from 3 months to 25 years. 14 interviews were conducted in total. Participants were selected from the organisations covered in Section 1 of the report. Interviews covered the current state of workplace culture and environment, barriers to women’s career development and recommendations for reducing barriers to women’s career progression in the media industry." (Introduction)
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"The study concluded that women have faced and are still facing hindrances driven by gender-based discrimination that have limited their number, dimined their role as journalists and restricted their prospects of professional development. The percentage of women at media organisations is less than 2
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3%, while they almost have no presence in leadership positions, which are dominated by men. The key obstacles they face are: Media outlets do not cater for their needs as working women. They impose working-hour regimes and assignments that are not suitable for their social circumstances, and decline to install and nurseries for their children. 40% of respondents said their organizations did not support them to handle situations within their families and communities that restrict and obstruct their work as journalists; Discrimination against women at work in terms of opportunities, job benefits and rewarding performance financially and morally. 90% of respondents said that this discrimination obstructs the progress of women journalists’ careers and leads to an overwhelming frustration with their situation as working women; Discrimination against women by sources such as politicians and government officials, which creates an unfair professional rivalry between male and female journalists in pursuit of information; Rising rates of sexual harassment targeting women journalists verbally and physically, by male co-workers and bosses, during their field work or from sources. 45% of respondents said harassment has rendered the working environment threatening for women journalists, to the point where they might quit; Absence of clear-cut, deterrent laws and regulations that protect women journalists from discrimination and harassment, safeguard their rights and ensure them justice by holding perpetrators to account." (Executive summary)
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"Survey respondents stated that online attacks have become more visible and coordinated in the past five years, particularly with a rise of nationalism around the world and the use of digital networks to thwart political processes. Extremists, online manipulators and antagonists use online channels
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and the media itself to amplify their messages. Whether government-sponsored attacks in the Ukraine, so-called alt-right extremists in the United States, or the use of bots and fake accounts, online attacks against journalists have become more sophisticated in nature, more insidious in their damage to the news enterprise and more dangerous for journalists, both online and off. This report is based on the findings of a global survey on violence, attacks and online abuse against women journalists and media workers. The survey was launched in January 2018 and was distributed to a global sample of media workers through March 2018. This report is also informed by semi-structured interviews conducted from June 2017 to March 2018 with 25 women journalists at all levels of media — from journalism students to management. The 597 women journalists and media workers who completed our survey work in a variety of media environments online and off, in cultures outside their countries of origin or domestically, on topics ranging from politics to the environment." (Executive summary)
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