"The Gender-in-Media Landscape Study (Vietnam) aims to inform the activities of the Southeast Asia Media Training Network by exploring gender equity in the media workplace. Towards this end, data was gathered through a broad survey and multiple focus group discussions. The survey found: More women w
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orked in the media than men, including in recent years increasing numbers in management positions. Balancing work demands with family pressures – which by far fall disproportionately upon women – was a significant challenge to many careers. Women and men worked across a wide range of roles and beats within the industry, with the main exception being relative dominance of male journalists in sport and science and technology reporting. Media institutions followed legally-mandated leave requirements, including maternity leave. However, any further policies and operations in support of gender equity – such as some exibility in hours, or carer’s leave – were inconsistent, and generally ad-hoc or dependent on personal arrangements where they exist. They often don’t adequately meet staffing needs. The great majority of respondents received at least some training in the past two years which was valued; the main complaint was the limited number of training sessions. Men had greater general access, although majorities of both genders received training. Experiences of sexual harassment among female journalists were high at over 27%. Perpetrators include in many cases journalist sources, as well as workplace colleagues and superiors. There was a wide variation in the understanding of what constituted sexual harassment, and few consistent policies (or industry advocacy) against it." (Executive summary)
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"The third Glass Ceilings survey of South African media launched on 19 October - national press freedom day - 2018 shows there have been dramatic shifts in the race and gender composition of media since the first study twelve years ago. But black women are still not fairly represented in media decis
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ion-making; the pay gap is widening, especially in the age of digitisation; and the old boys’ network is alive and well. In the #MeToo and #TotalShutDown era, the conversation is moving beyond numbers, to the underlying patriarchal norms that fuel sexist attitudes, harassment and its newest ugly form – cyber misogyny." (Back cover)
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"This handbook has been produced by the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) to help media managers successfully manage diverse teams, with a focus on gender diversity. It is hoped that it will assist managers to be more gender 'aware' in their day to day management decisio
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ns. There can be an assumption that media managers already know how to deal with gender issues but as experience has shown, this is not always the case. Media managers are expected to make decisions that are gender aware and yet they themselves may not have been exposed to any meaningful information or training on how to successfully manage diversity. This obviously is a Catch 22 situation where on one hand we have media managers that are not well equipped with gender information, while on the other hand the same media managers are expected to lead and champion the gender diversity programmes in their organizations and hopefully create a working environment of gender equality, balance and equity. There are many organizations that are doing great work on gender equality in the media such as Gender Links, UNESCO, UNDP and others. This handbook relies on some of these excellent resources. This handbook is intended to provide a short-hand to media managers on practical approaches to managing diversity." (Preface)
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"This article presents findings from investigations of acclaimed gender employment changes in Israeli journalism, focusing on two main questions: Is the feminisation process of Israeli journalism continuing? Is it improving women’s employment and occupational status? Data were gathered from two in
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ternational surveys that included Israel. The study found that while women are integrated in a variety of news areas, such as news presentation, and play a significant role in management, their roles and salaries are unequal to men. These findings shed light on gender (in)equality and identify some of the mechanisms that exclude Israeli women from the labour market." (Abstract)
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"It is crucial that any initiatives focussing on the safety of women journalists exist within the broader framework of conversations aimed at meeting the specific targets of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 5 to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, and recognize that much
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of the violence that women journalists face stems from more deeply rooted gender-based discrimination and inequality in the media industry, and society at large." (Introduction, page 77)
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"For women journalists, online harassment may result in emotional stress and may require legal and technological remedies to mitigate the damage caused to their identity and reputation. Perpetrators can use a combination of online and offline attacks that threaten the employment and safety of journa
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lists. In the case of women writers, misogynistic and racist attacks can create a chilling effect that silences their voices online and creates a deterrent to freedom of expression that ultimately erodes the freedom of the press. Based on the examination of seminal work, case studies and personal anecdotes, this chapter investigates the consequences of abuse via Twitter and Facebook on the freedom of speech, the emotional and psychological impact on women journalists, and its implications on press freedom. Moreover, before suggesting digital defense strategies for journalists, the chapter also chronicles the development of TrollBusters, a platform for women journalists that counters online hate with positive messaging and just-in-time rescue services." (Abstract)
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"First, this strategy is a women’s empowerment strategy, confirming our commitment to women and girls all over the world, by identifying objectives and activities to operationalize our stated goals to: Ensure safe access to information for women, girls and marginalized groups in some of the world
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s most challenging places; Support women’s empowerment by building their leadership in the media, information and communications technology fields; and Improve the information we all consume by promoting more stories produced by, for and about women and girls. But, as we believe gender equality to be inclusive of sexual orientation and gender identity, this strategy is also a gender equality strategy, helping move us forward as an organization to lay the groundwork for a more expansive inclusion strategy. Recognizing the different cultures in which we work, we aim to be as gender transformative as possible within each country context, addressing the underlying causes of gender inequality and discrimination as we are able, doing all we can to provide diverse groups access to the information they need, and ensuring women, girls and other gender identities are portrayed fairly in media outputs. This strategy recognizes gender equality as broader than equity between women and men and sets out specific and targeted actions required to ensure that all individuals have access not just to equal opportunities, but equal outcomes in the workplace and in programs." (Introduction)
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"Contemporary BRICS Journalism: Non-Western Media in Transition is the first comparative study of professional journalists working in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The book presents a range of insider perspectives, offering a valuable insight into the nature of jo
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urnalism in these influential economies. Contributors to this volume have conducted in-depth interviews with more than 700 journalists, from mainstream and online media, between 2012 and 2015. They present and analyse their findings here, revealing how BRICS journalism is envisioned, experienced, and practised in the twenty-first century. Compelling evidence in the form of journalists’ narratives reveals the impact of digital culture on modern reporting and the evolving dynamic between new media technology and traditional journalistic practice. Insightful comparisons are made between BRICS countries, highlighting the similarities and differences between them. Topics covered include professionalism, ethics and ideals, community journalism, technological developments in the newsroom and the reporting of protest movements." (Publisher description)
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"The study found that overall, journalism in Somalia falls far short of the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. The study demonstrates that if the current conditions for women in Somalia’s media remain unaddressed, the country wi
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ll fail to achieve the SDG targets on ending all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere. Gender representation in the workforce: Women journalists are significantly underrepresented in Somali media houses at 23%. Furthermore, the study found that as in many other sectors, there are fewer women than men in influential positions, and women have limited representation in decision making in the organisational structures of media houses. Out of 423 journalists working in the 15 media houses visited, only 92 (22%) are female." (Key findings)
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"While many reporters regularly experience online violence, women journalists are more likely than their male counterparts to be targeted for abusive comments and image focused, violently sexualised aggression. With such gendered violence having serious implications for media freedom, diversity and
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equity, as well as participation online, it is imperative that digital safety initiatives address the specificity and diversity of online attacks on women journalists and in ways that address the structural factors underpinning them – that is, going beyond an emphasis on individual responsibility. This paper analyses the gender-specific digital safety strategies proposed for women journalists by international anti-violence projects and how they address the responsibility for acting on gendered online attacks. It evaluates the emphasis safety training packages put on promotional, preventative, procedural, or prosecutorial measures and on individual, collective or networked and managerial approaches to these attacks. Drawing on a feminist “ethics of care”, the paper argues that gendered online violence needs to be tackled as a multilevel online governance issue rather than just a personal safety issue, with better support from peers, employers and legal and political institutions." (Abstract)
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"1,010 journalists have been killed in the last decade, according to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, with nine out of 10 cases remaining unresolved (Guterres, 2018). Imprisonments alone total more than three times the annual death toll, and the number of journalists in jail across the globe i
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n 2017 hit a new record (Beiser, 2017). Yet, while men represent the majority of those killed and detained, the percentage of women killed in the last five years has more than tripled from 4 per cent of total deaths in 2012, to 14 per cent in 2017 (UNESCO, 2018a). Reports by Reporters Sans Frontieres (2018) and the International Women's Media Association (Barton and Storm, 2016) tell us many more women have been attacked, detained or threatened." (Abstract)
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"This article analyses the performance and professional culture of journalists in situations of armed conflict, based on the results of research using qualitative techniques and conducted in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (2008–09) and Europe (2010–14), focusing on the case of the Cong
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olese media women. It investigates the case of the Association of Media Women of South Kivu (AFEM-SK) in order to create greater awareness of the new African mediascapes and the emerging roles of women in journalism. The local Congolese organization has been fighting for women’s rights and against sexual violence through radio for more than a decade and is becoming a paradigmatic case of media activism and women’s rights on the African continent." (Abstract)
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"This chapter focuses on gender dynamics in media safety in Nigeria. It critically examines the safety challenges journalists in Nigeria face in executing their duties in a country that has experienced different forms of conflicts, ranging from political instability, organized crime, terrorism, and
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communal conflict. It analyses these challenges in relation to gender. To achieve this, the researcher made use of primary data generated from interviews with journalists. The chapter discloses issues of gender-based discrimination, sexual and violent harassment, abuse at work and outside work, murder, and unwarranted arrest and intimidation, showing they are among the challenges journalists face. It identifies some gender-specific safety concerns among the journalists interviewed. Importantly, it finds that safety challenges such as sexual harassment are hardly reported and when reported, they are usually trivialized, most times re-shaming the victim(s) and causing the victim to shy away from reporting future occurrences." (Abstract)
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"This research examines the everyday sexism and workplace sex discrimination experienced by women journalists in India. Nearly all of the popular and scholarly attention to the experiences of Indian women journalists has focused on high profile instances of rape and sexual assault. But this focus on
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highly egregious, dramatic stories deflects attention from ongoing global structural problems as well as ongoing sexism and gender discrimination in journalism. Interviews with Indian women journalists indicate a concern with everyday sexism and discriminatory practices at the hands of sources, colleagues, and editors. Additionally, women journalists are not confident that newsrooms will become less toxic for women any time soon. They describe legal guidelines designed to protect women as ineffective and rarely implemented. We ground our understanding of sexual harassment in theories about the politics and power of women but also connect the persistence of these sexist practices--and women's powerlessness to prevent them--to the growing casualization of the journalism workforce in India. The precarity of the journalism industry leaves women vulnerable but reluctant to complain." (Abstract)
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"Women are underrepresented in newsrooms and are less likely to read political and international news. Preliminary data shows that news organizations with a higher share of women writing the news and in leadership positions also have a higher share of women in their audience. A number of academic st
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udies found that (1) women are more likely to cover the news with a positive framing and (2) women are more likely to read and respond to news with a positive framing. As such, it is possible that increasing the share of female journalists, editors, and newsroom leaders in a newsroom could reduce the gender gap in political and international news consumption. More women reading these news topics could create (1) revenue opportunities for media companies through audience growth and (2) a more informed and engaged public." (Summary)
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