Filter
45
Featured
Free Access
38
Key Guidance
2
Quick Overview
1
Top Insights
2
Topics
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
19
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
12
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
9
Freedom of Expression
7
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
6
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
5
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
5
Defamation Law & Regulation
5
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
4
Facebook
3
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
3
Self-Regulation of Media
3
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
3
Media Law & Regulation
3
Freedom of Expression Principles
2
Censorship
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
2
Racism in Communication & Media
2
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
2
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
2
Discrimination
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Copyright Law
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
1
Genocides
1
Holocaust
1
Perpetrators
1
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
1
Civil Wars
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Countering Misinformation & Rumours
1
Good Governance
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Social Media
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Romani People
1
Deepfakes (Realistic-Looking Media Content that has been Modified, Generated or Falsified Using AI)
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
Council of Europe
1
European Union (EU)
1
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Human Rights
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Religious Freedom
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Election Campaigns: Social Media
1
Propaganda
1
Press
1
Radio
1
Antisemitism
1
State Violence
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Legal Challenges and Political Strategies in the Post-Truth Era: Online Hate Speech Trilogy - vol II
Covilhã; Cali: LABCOM;Editorial Universidad Icesi (2024), 186 pp.
Case Law on Hate Speech: The Enduring Question of Thresholds
New York: Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression (2023), 47 pp.
Online Content Moderation and Post Conflict Peacebuilding: A Review to the Regulatory Framework in Colombia
Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP);UNESCO (2023), 83 pp.
"This text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes the characteristics of online public debate in Colombia. It also presents the historical context and details the circumstances in which risky content for democracy and human rights content is published and disseminated in the coun
...
Social Media Platforms and Challenges for Democracy, Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights
Brussels: European Parliament, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs (2023), 151 pp.
"This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, examines risks that contemporary social media - focusing in particular on the most widely-used platforms - present for democracy, the rul
...
Social Media 4 Peace: Local Lessons for Global Practices
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 69 pp.
"The three countries [Bosnia and Herzegovina, Indonesia, and Kenya] provide evidence of online hate speech and disinformation affecting human rights offline. The evidence is not comprehensive yet clear enough to raise serious concerns. Online gender-based violence is also reported as critical in the
...
Platform Problems and Regulatory Solutions: Findings from a Comprehensive Review of Existing Studies and Investigations
Quick Overview
Paris: UNESCO;Research ICT Africa (2023), 17 pp.
"The proliferation of hate speech and disinformation on online platforms has serious implications for human rights, trust and safety as per international human rights law and standards. The mutually-reinforcing determinants of the problems are: ‘attention economics’; automated advertising system
...
Mapping of Legal Framework and Responses by Actors to Address Harmful Content Online in Kenya
Build Up (2022), 47 pp.
"This report details the legal framework / rule of law tools in place, and responses by the government, social media companies, and civil society to address illegal harmful content and potentially harmful content online in Kenya. This research draws from 13 interviews with people active in Kenya's g
...
Hate Speech: Definitionen, Ausprägungen, Lösungen
Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2022), ix, 301 pp.
"Hate Speech ist Alltag, egal ob auf der Straße, im Parlament oder im Netz. Menschen werden beleidigt, entwürdigt und man ruft zu Gewalt auf. Die Folgen sind unübersehbar. Hate Speech ist so zu einem gesellschaftsbedrohenden Phänomen avanciert, befeuert durch politische und soziale Krisen wie di
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Legal and Normative Frameworks for Combatting Online Violence Against Women Journalists
November 2022: UNESCO;International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) (2022), 35 pp.
"In this chapter, international, regional and State-level legal and normative frameworks for responding to online violence against women journalists are examined, while exemplar judgements are catalogued, and gaps in law enforcement are highlighted. Here, insights gleaned from 184 in-depth interview
...
Regulation of Harmful Content Online in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between Freedom of Expression and Harms to Democracy
Sarajevo: Mediacentar;UNESCO (2022), 108 pp.
"The study specifically focuses on five types of harmful content: a) hate speech and hate narratives; b) denials of war crimes and glorification of war criminals; c) ethno-nationally and/or politically biased media reporting; d) disinformation; and e) attacks, threats and smear campaigns against ind
...
How Platforms Respond to Human Rights Conflicts Online: Best Practices in Weighing Rights and Obligations in Hybrid Online Orders
Hamburg: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung;Global Digital Human Rights Network (GDHRNet) (2022), 187 pp.
"Platforms have power. But this power is not unchecked. Governments have an important role to play in protecting their citizens' rights vis-à-vis third parties and ensuring a communication order in which rights are not violated. (And in addition, of course, they need to respect human rights themsel
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Digital Hate: The Global Conjuncture of Extreme Speech
Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press (2021), 266 pp.
"The euphoria that has accompanied the birth and expansion of the internet as a "liberation technology" is increasingly eclipsed by an explosion of vitriolic language on a global scale. Digital Hate: The Global Conjuncture of Extreme Speech provides the first distinctly global and interdisciplinary
...
The Impact of Disinformation on Democratic Processes and Human Rights in the World
Brussels: European Parliament, Directorate General for External Policies of the Union (2021), 54 pp.
"Disinformation undermines human rights and many elements of good quality democracy; but counter-disinformation measures can also have a prejudicial impact on human rights and democracy. COVID-19 compounds both these dynamics and has unleashed more intense waves of disinformation, allied to human ri
...
El límite democrático de las expresiones de odio: Principios constitucionales, modelos regulatorios y políticas públicas
Buenos Aires: Teseo (2021), 424 pp.
Geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt in Zeiten der Digitalisierung: Formen und Interventionsstrategien
Bielefeld: transcript (2021), 332 pp.
"Digitale Gewalt kommt nicht nur im öffentlichen Raum vor, sondern auch in privaten Beziehungen – und hat in Kombination mit häuslicher und sexualisierter Gewalt eine deutlich geschlechtsspezifische Komponente. Durch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien haben Gewaltformen wie Doxing, Sta
...
The Online Regulation Series: The Handbook
Tech Against Terrorism (2021), 170 pp.
"The Online Regulation Series Handbook provides an analysis of global online regulation, analysing over 60 legislations and regulatory proposals in 17 countries, and their implications for countering terrorist and violent extremist content. The Handbook is based on analysis published throughout Octo
...
Weaponised Deep Fakes: National Security and Democracy
Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2020), 18 pp.
"Any technology that can be used to generate false or misleading content, from photocopiers and Photoshop software to deep fakes, can be weaponised. This paper argues that policymakers face a narrowing window of opportunity to minimise the consequences of weaponised deep fakes. Any response must inc
...
Analysis of Ethiopia’s Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation No.1185/2020
Kampala: CIPESA (2020), 4 pp.
"Although the Proclamation has good intentions of curbing hate speech in Ethiopia, it fundamentally restricts freedom of expression online and the right to information. Further, the proclamation has a chilling effect on online and offline rights, which could lead to self-censorship. For instance, jo
...
Assessing the Limitations to Freedom of Expression on the Internet in Ethiopia Against the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
African Human Rights Law Journal, volume 20, issue 1 (2020), pp. 315-345
"The Ethiopian government restricts freedom of expression on the internet and has adopted extraneous limiting measures. Most of these measures are incompatable with the African Charter. Restrictions to freedom of expression on the internet include internet shutdowns, hate speech and disinformation r
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Models of Governance of Online Hate Speech
Council of Europe (2020), 198 pp.
"For some users the current Internet epoch can be considered the Internet of Hate which poses serious human rights concerns. Reflecting the scale and seriousness of the problem, innovations in governance tools for online hate have been initiated by national governments, intergovernmental organisatio
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