"In recent years, major natural disasters and public safety accidents have frequently occurred worldwide. In order to deal with various disasters and accidents using rapidly deployable, reliable, efficient, and stable emergency communication networks, all countries in the world are strengthening and
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improving emergency communication network construction and related technology research. Motivated by these situations, in this paper, we provide a state-of-the-art survey of the current situation and development of emergency communication networks. In this detailed investigation, our primary focus is the extensive discussion of emergency communication network technology, including satellite networks, ad hoc networks, cellular networks, and wireless private networks. Then, we explore and analyze the networks currently applied in emergency rescue, such as the 370M narrowband private network, broadband cluster network, and 5G constellation plan. We propose a broadband-narrowband integrated emergency communication network to provide an effective solution for visual dispatch of emergency rescue services. The main findings derived from the comprehensive survey on the emergency communication network are then summarized, and possible research challenges are noted. Lastly, we complete this survey by shedding new light on future directions for the emergency communication network. In the future, the emergency network will develop in the direction of intelligence, integration, popularization, and lower cost, and spaceair-ground-sea integrated networks. This survey provides a reference basis for the construction of networks to mitigate major natural disasters and public safety accidents." (Abstract)
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"The prevalence of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is rising at an unprecedented rate, and influencing human behavior is often the first line of defense to slow disease transmissions. We synthesize the contributions that social and behavior change research and programming has made in 6 recent EI
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Ds that reached epidemic proportions: HIV, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Zika virus, Ebola virus disease, and coronavirus disease. Analysis of successful and unsuccessful responses to EID outbreaks suggests 5 primary lessons learned that can be used by social and behavior change (SBC) experts in future EID responses: engage communities, build trust through transparent risk communication, segment audiences for tailored interventions, prioritize behaviors, and cultivate political will and commitment. Incorporating SBC experts into EID responses can reduce mortality and improve efficiency in such precarious and time-sensitive settings." (Key messages)
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"• General public health emergency legislation should not allocate broad discretion to public authorities to limit the right to information through subordinate legal rules but should, instead, subject this to a requirement that any restriction is either “necessity” or “strictly required by t
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he exigencies of the situation”, and is also quite clear regarding how the right to information is being limited.
• No blanket suspensions of the right to information, including blanket time limit extensions for responding to requests for information, should be imposed during emergencies. Instead, emergency provisions should establish the conditions for extending time limits on a case-by-case basis in response to individual requests.
• No limits should be imposed on requests for information related to the emergency and government responses to it, especially where the purpose of the request is to disseminate this information to the public. Better practice is to prioritise these requests, for example by responding more quickly than the law requires.
• Any limits on the right to information should be reviewed regularly and limited in duration to the period during which emergency conditions justify them.
• During a health emergency, necessary changes to the way in which information is recorded and stored should be introduced to ensure that there is no loss of continuity in the recording of government decisions and actions.
• Where an emergency continues for more than the short term, any limits to the right to information that were introduced early on should be lifted or downgraded as soon as possible." (Executive summary, page iii)
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"This brief summarises local media and messages circulating via social media outlets including WhatsApp and local radio and press outlets in the Beni and Butembo areas of North Kivu, DRC between February and April 2019. It also captures the growing number of warning messages and written threats tran
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smitted as part of the escalation of violence against Ebola response teams during this period." (Page 1)
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"This guide focuses on the following areas: a brief orientation and perspective on the media for public officials, including discussion of how the media thinks and works, and on the public as the end-recipient of information; techniques for responding to and cooperating with the media in conveying i
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nformation and delivering messages before, during, and after a public health crisis; tools of the trade of media relations and public communications; strategies and tactics for addressing opportunities and challenges that may arise as a consequence of communications initiatives." (Preface)
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"This manual provides tips for media practitioners on how to help audiences during health emergencies. It can be read in conjunction with BBC Media Action’s Lifeline Production Manual (available online) which provides more general guidance on how to communicate with people affected by humanitarian
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crises in order to help save lives and reduce suffering. Public health emergencies can start quickly or very slowly. This manual will address those that start relatively quickly: rapid onset public health emergencies." (Introduction)
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"The recommendations in these guidelines provide overarching, evidence-based guidance on how risk communication should be practised in an emergency. The recommendations also guide countries on building capacity for communicating risk during health emergencies. Specific step-by-step instructions are
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beyond the remit of these guidelines. However, in due course these will be provided in detailed manuals, standard operating procedures, pocket guides, checklists, training modules and other tools that will be developed to elaborate the recommendations [...] These guidelines were developed for policy- and decision-makers responsible for managing emergencies, particularly the public health aspects of emergencies, and practitioners responsible for risk communication before, during and after health emergencies. Other groups expected to use these guidelines are: frontline responders; local, national and international development partners; civil society; the private sector; and all organizations, private and public, involved in emergency preparedness and response." (Pages ix-x)
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"This practice briefing sets out what BBC Media Action learned in delivering and supporting health communication in response to the Ebola crisis in West Africa in 2014–15. It has a particular focus on Sierra Leone as this was the hub of the organisation’s response. The paper aims to contribute t
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o a body of knowledge about how to best harness and deploy media and communication in public health emergencies. It also underscores the need for the global community to plan and invest in communication long before any crises take hold, to ensure that communication plays a central role in reducing the impact of future crisis events. The paper sets out the specific communication challenge posed by Ebola and why it was so difficult to get to grips with this in the early months of the outbreak. It then documents when the health communication response became more useful and explores what that tells us about effective media and communication. Finally, it offers recommendations to ensure that media and communication are used to their full potential during other disease outbreaks or humanitarian crises." (BBC Media Action website)
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"This workbook provides an overview of the main points contained in the book 'Making Data Talk: Communicating Public Health Data to the Public, Policy Makers, and the Press', as well as practical exercises for applying the book’s concepts and communication principles to your unique situation. The
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first three chapters review basic communication concepts, from analyzing your audience to building a storyline. Chapters 4 and 5 shift the focus from conceptual to practical by introducing guidelines for presenting data, as well as the Organize, Plan, Test, and Integrate (OPT-In) framework developed by the textbook’s authors to aid in planning and executing data-related communications. Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the application of concepts and the OPT-In framework to the real world in scenarios, such as crisis situations or advocacy. The ultimate goal of this workbook—and the book 'Making Data Talk: Communicating Public Health Data to the Public, Policy Makers, and the Press'—is to help you select and communicate quantitative data in ways lay audiences can understand. You will gain the most from this workbook by reviewing its contents in concert with the book 'Making Data Talk: Communicating Public Health Data to the Public, Policy Makers, and the Press', making note of the tips and guidelines it presents, and completing the practical exercises beginning in Chapter 3 to ensure your understanding of the concepts and ability to successfully apply them." (How to use this workbook)
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"The handbook offers a broad approach to the study of risk and crisis as joint concerns. Chapters explore the reach of crisis and risk communication, define and examine key constructs, and parse the contexts of these vital areas. As a whole, the volume presents a comprehensive array of studies that
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highlight the standard principles and theories on both topics, serving as the largest effort to date focused on engaging risk communication discussions in a comprehensive manner." (Publisher description)
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"This toolkit is a resource for everyone working in emergency situations caused by natural disasters. It is designed to help programme managers from UNICEF, UN agencies, NGO partners and government personnel to prepare, plan, implement and monitor behaviour change communication initiatives supportin
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g health, hygiene and child protection efforts in emergencies." (Introduction)
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"The report has two parts. The first, devoted to outbreak experience, describes the special case of outbreaks and the many difficult challenges they present for communicators. It also summarizes presentations during the consultation that looked at recent outbreaks in terms of what they have to say a
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bout effective communication and the consequences of certain errors. The second part translates these experiences into best practices for communication during an outbreak. Contents are organized around five essential practices for effective outbreak communication identified during the consultation: build trust, announce early, be transparent, respect public concerns, and plan in advance." (Page 3)
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