"The open access edited volume addresses children's rights and their ability to act in the digital world. The focus is on the position of children as subjects with their own rights and developing capacities. Their consideration by parents, courts and legislators is critically examined. Aspects of di
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gital parenting, especially educational practices and strategies in the context of social media, are analyzed with regard to the tension between protection and participation of children. The edited volume brings debates on privacy and data protection together with those from tort, family and intellectual property law, while also examining the role of families and children in the regulation of data and digital economies, especially online platforms. Legal reflections from Germany, Israel, Portugal and the United States of America are complemented by perspectives from media studies, political science, educational science and sociology of law." (Publisher description)
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"This Global Guide provides guidance on how to strengthen legislative frameworks to protect children from online child sexual exploitation and abuse. It is intended for use by governments, country offices of international organizations, civil society and business organizations to advocate for and de
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velop legislation to protect children from online child sexual exploitation and abuse in line with international child rights standards. This Global Guide is based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC), as well as other international and regional conventions, general comments and guidelines of treaty bodies, model laws and good practices concerning the protection of children from online child sexual exploitation and abuse." (Introdction, page 10)
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"In 2020, the French Parliament passed an amendment that put the country at the forefront of attempts by democratic states to restrict young people's access to legal online pornography. This study examines the necessity for and potential efficacy of the amendment, Article 23, through a comparative a
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nalysis of emerging legislative and regulatory approaches in France, the UK, Canada, Utah, and Germany, and through a survey of French 15-,16-, and 17-year-olds. Among other things, our survey shows that 41% of 15-, 16-, and17-year-olds in France visit dedicated pornographic sites, on average monthly and often much more frequently. However, the range of media platforms via which French adolescents are exposed to pornography, their knowledge about technologies that could circumvent age verification, and the power, scope, and implementation of Article 23 may limit the legislation's efficacy. Our findings suggest the mechanisms that may limit its efficacy include media displacement, socio-technical circumvention, and the Article's relatively broad and imprecise nature. This study has implications for legislators and regulators in democratic countries beyond France as they too grapple with the challenges of regulating online pornography. Furthermore, it extends the often contradictory and/or limited evidence that exists about adolescents' consumption of pornography." (Abstract)
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"El documento se inicia con una descripción del marco jurídico vigente en materia de protección integral de los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes en Perú. A continuación, describiremos las herramientas que la regulación prevé para hacer efectiva la protección de niños y niñas frent
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e a contenidos audiovisuales que puedan resultar perjudiciales para su desarrollo. Revisaremos críticamente el sistema de “autorregulación” y cómo funciona la supervisión estatal. En la misma línea describiremos el sistema de denuncias y reclamos frente a incumplimientos que la normativa tiene establecido. Finalmente, se repasan los puntos críticos detectados en el análisis del marco normativo y su implementación y se formulan recomendaciones sobre reformas normativas y políticas públicas dirigidas a garantizar de manera efectiva los derechos de las audiencias de niños, niñas y adolescentes en Perú." (Página 4)
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"1. En términos generales los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes se encuentran adecuadamente consagrados en los marcos regulatorios, sin embargo, faltan medidas concretas para hacerlos efectivos. En muchos países los derechos se reconocen en la legislación, pero luego se desvirtúan a
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través de reglamentaciones o disposiciones de rango menor que flexibilizan o eliminan las obligaciones. Es el caso, como hemos visto, de los marcos regulatorios de Perú y México, pero no exclusivamente. 2. La situación en los países investigados da cuenta de que los derechos de los NNyA no ocupan un lugar prioritario en la regulación de medios audiovisuales, a la vez que los medios de comunicación no están entre las preocupaciones centrales de las legislaciones de protección de la niñez y adolescencia y/o de las agendas de política pública de los Estados. Como consecuencia, la protección es débil e ineficiente. A su vez, es posible afirmar que las autoridades regulatorias concentran su actividad en la agenda de telecomunicaciones relegando a la comunicación audiovisual que recibe poco interés y recursos. 3. [...]" (Conclusiones, páginas 42-43)
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"In 2017, the UK Parliament passed an Act requiring legal pornographic websites to implement 'robust' age verification checks. Although the Act inspired lawmakers elsewhere to propose similar legislation, it was never enacted, in part because it did not cover social media platforms. Instead, the UK
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government has turned to its Online Harms White Paper - which does target social media platforms - to protect children from online pornography. There is, however, scant evidence on the media platforms and technologies children use to access pornography. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a survey of 16- and 17-year-olds in the United Kingdom. The results show that more (63%) had seen pornography on social media platforms than on pornographic websites (47%), suggesting the UK government was right to target such platforms in its latest proposals. However, pornography was much more frequently viewed on pornographic websites than on social media, showing how important the regulation of such sites remains. Furthermore, our finding that 46% of 16- and 17-year-olds had used a virtual private network or Tor browser adds weight to concerns that restrictions on legal internet pornography - such as age verification checks - imposed by a single country may be circumvented by those the restrictions are designed to protect." (Abstract)
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"This report aims to increase the prioritization of child online safety among all the key stakeholders and decision-makers from governments, the private sector, civil society, NGOs, and academia. Its recommendations are actionable and represent a call to collective action. They are based on the know
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ledge and expertise of major expert groups that have a long-standing commitment and experience in fighting various forms of violence against children online." (Forward, page 7)
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"The fulfilment of children’s rights, including those to protection, depends on a global movement in which everybody not only understands and respects their duties to children, but also acts upon them. Parliaments and their members can and should be among the foremost champions of child protection
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. They can legislate, oversee government activity, allocate financial resources and, as leaders within their nations and communities, raise awareness of issues and provide advocacy. This handbook addresses all of those functions. It does so in general terms, and with regard to ten specific child protection issues birth registration and the right to identity; protection of children in armed conflict; sexual exploitation of children; trafficking and sale of children; harmful traditional practices; violence and neglect; alternative care; juvenile justice; child labour; and the rights of child victims. The handbook includes examples of the many ways in which Parliaments and their members around the world have responded to the challenges of child protection through laws, policies, advocacy and other means. It also describes how Parliaments and their members can gain a clearer understanding of what their contribution can be, and equips them with the knowledge and tools they require to make that contribution." (Foreword)
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"L'auteur expose les mobiles qui amenèrent le législateur français à établir une censure sur les oeuvres à l'intention de la jeunesse et présentant des caractères pornographiques, licencieux et démoralisants (16-7-49) — Une orientation analogue se trouve actuellement en Côte d'Ivoire sur
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le cinéma et les oeuvres enfantines — L'auteur suggère des idées sur le contenu pédagogique des films pour enfants en fonction des différents âges." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 10, topic code 110.41, 310.320)
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