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Evaluating Capacity Strengthening for Social and Behavior Change Communication: A Systematic Review

Grace N. Awantang, Anna Helland, Sanjanthi Velu, Tilly Gurman

Health Promotion International, volume 37, issue 1: daab068 (2022), 16 pp.

"The current systematic review identified seven overall findings with distinct programmatic and research implications for capacity strengthening (CS) in social and behavior change communication (SBCC). First, there is a scarcity of literature about specific evaluation of CS for SBCC. Although CS has ... become a ‘buzz word’ in international development (Hawe et al., 2000), published evaluations of CS activities that aim to build SBCC capacity in LMICs are rare. Only 19 publications met the study’s eligibility criteria, and only three focused solely on CS findings. This review’s findings complement previous literature which has noted that evaluation of CS efforts for SBCC is rare (Lettenmaier et al., 2014). Future evaluations should publish their findings more widely in order to share lessons learned with others interested in implementing CS activities in SBCC and generate further knowledge about what works and what does not work. Second, the review found that among publications that described evaluation findings of CS for SBCC, most did not emphasize the assessment of CS activities. The details of how CS activities were evaluated was often lost in description of large multi-arm interventions that were not focused on SBCC or CS [...] Third, the current systematic review found that evaluation assessments of CS for SBCC generally employ non-experimental designs. Of the reviewed publications, only one described an experimental design [...] Fourth, in terms of the SBCC Capacity Ecosystem, while evaluations commonly addressed organization-level capacity and individual-level competencies, they rarely addressed system-level capacity [...] Fifth, publications highlighted several challenges regarding assessing sustainability of CS activities. Although CS is key to ensuring sustainable gains in development, most publications did not explicitly assess sustainability [...] Sixth, authors identified the shortcomings in terms of quality, both in terms of the writing as well as providing sufficient detail and documentation to support claims. Problems of clarity in the writing, particularly in gray literature, made it difficult to understand what kind of CS activities were most effective at strengthening capacity for SBCC [...] Finally, publications did not consistently support all of their recommendations and conclusions with evaluation findings." (Discussion, page 13-14) more

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Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review

Ingjerd Skafle, Anders Nordahl-Hansen, Daniel S. Quintana, Rolf Wynn, Elia Gabarron

Journal of Medical Internet Research, volume 24, issue 8: e37367 (2022), 20 pp.

"We aimed to synthesize the existing research on misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines spread on social media platforms and its effects. The secondary aim was to gain insight and gather knowledge about whether misinformation about autism and COVID-19 vaccines is being spread on social media platfor ... more

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A systematic literature review and existing challenges toward fake news detection models

Minal Nirav Shah, Amit Ganatra

Social Network Analysis and Mining, volume 12, issue 168 (2022), 21 pp.

"This paper aims to conduct a review on fake news detection models that is contributed by a variety of machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The fundamental and well-performing approaches that existed in the past years are reviewed and categorized and described in different datasets. Furthe ... more

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Schlüsselwerke der sozialwissenschaftlichen Klimaforschung

Youssef Ibrahim, Simone Rödder (eds.)

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2022), 461 pp.

"Die Beiträge sind im Format der Rezension geschrieben und erlauben so, auch ohne Vorkenntnis, einen unmittelbaren Einstieg in einen Diskussionszusammenhang. Neben der Skizze des Argumentationsgangs stellen die Beiträge das Werk in seinen Forschungskontext und würdigen es kritisch und mit Blick a ... more

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Comprehending Media Systems for Media Development

Johanna Mack

Dortmund: Forum Medien und Entwicklung (fome); MEDAS21 (2022), 29 pp.

"Media development assistance and media systems research are intricately connected: by describing, assessing, and attempting to change them, media development actors produce knowledge about media systems and directly impact them. This research review explores the intersections of academic media syst ... more

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Feminist Internet Research Network: Meta-Research Project Report

Nyx McLean

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2022), iii, 58 pp.

"The FIRN meta-research aggregates and examines feminist research from the global South focused on questions around unequal access to online participation, the implications and impact of datafication, online gender-based violence, and gendered digital economies in the global South [...] While the re ... more

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How We Know Journalism is Good for Democracy

Josh Stearns, Christine Schmidt

Democracy Fund (2022)

"Since 2018, we’ve been tracking academic studies that show in stark terms the impact journalism has on our democracy. This research review has become a critical guide for funders, policymakers, communities, and journalists who care about creating a healthier democracy. In 2022, we overhauled this ... more

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Media Data and Vaccine Hesitancy: Scoping Review

Jason Dean-Chen Yin

JMIR Infodemiology, volume 2, issue 2 (2022), 21 pp.

"Media studies are important for vaccine hesitancy research, as they analyze how the media shapes risk perceptions and vaccine uptake. Despite the growth in studies in this field owing to advances in computing and language processing and an expanding social media landscape, no study has consolidated ... more

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Le reportage de guerre 1854-2022

Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF) (2022), 21 pp.

"Le reportage de guerre est une pratique journalistique qui nous est à la fois familière et mal connue. Familière par la présence au quotidien de ce type de reportage dans les médias ; mal connue en ce qui concerne les conditions de fabrication de ces reportages, autour desquelles s’est déve ... more

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Mapping the Nexus Between Media Reporting of Violence Against Girls: The Normalization of Violence, and the Perpetuation of Harmful Gender Norms and Stereotypes

Lorena Fuentes, Abha Shri Saxena, Jennifer Bitterly

UNICEF; UN Women (2022), 66 pp.

"It finds broad consensus across the literature that mainstream news media outlets tend to make use of harmful tropes and stereotypes when reporting on cases of gender-based violence, and that this contributes to the normalization of violence and perpetuation of discriminatory gender norms and stere ... otypes. The key modalities considered in the scholarly literature relate to the visual and textual features of news stories, and the sourcing practices used by journalists. Studies highlight a tendency for mainstream news reporting to mirror and reinforce the dynamics that contribute to gender-based violence in the first place, such as victim blaming, decentring the responsibility of perpetrators, and deploying stigmatizing or sensationalizing language that draws upon harmful gender norms and stereotypes about women’s and girls’ ‘appropriate roles’. Overall, the effect of these reporting modalities is to direct the public’s attention towards the behaviour and actions of victims and to suggest that the transgression is in the violation of a gender norm, rather than in the exercise of violence. Evidence from the scholarly literature also highlights that incidents of gender-based violence are largely reported as episodic events or independent incidents of crime, that such reports deploy language that blames the victim by suggesting that she violated established or expected gender norms and rules, and that the level of sensationalism or ‘shock value’ in the case determines its ‘newsworthiness’. Evidence also suggests that reporters still largely neglect to include inputs from gender-based violence, women’s rights or child protection experts. Subsequent sections dig deeper into the evidence of the nexus between news media reporting of violence against girls and the normalization of that violence. This involves analysing some of the more common tropes and stereotypes that circulate in relation to victims and perpetrators, and providing illustrative examples of how these shape interpretations of gender-based violence and its victims. These tropes and stereotypes are also shaped by vectors of intersectional discrimination across regional contexts, and evidence highlights that media reports play a crucial role in reinforcing hierarchies by differentiating between ‘types’ of victims (where some victims matter, or matter more than others). Significantly, from the age analysis perspective, evidence from media reports also indicates that there is often an ‘expiration date’ after which girl victims may not ‘count’ as children. Specifically, sexualization in news media coverage of cases of gender-based violence can function as a mechanism to portray adolescent girls as adult women, and thus to obscure not only the gender dimension but also age-based rights violations at play. Notably, while this review identifies a burgeoning literature analysing the dynamics of media reporting on gender-based violence against women and how these relate to the perpetuation of discriminatory gender norms and stereotypes, there is a concerning gap in similar scholarly literature analysing these dynamics in relation to girls. Specifically, while there is a rich body of literature that includes gender and intersectional analyses of media reporting of gender-based violence, research that centres the age-related lens and analysis alongside the gender lens is relatively thin or nascent. The final section spotlights the range of existing frameworks and guidelines for promoting more gender- and age-sensitive as well as victim-/survivor-centred reporting. It notes that, while there is a relatively clear path forward in terms of what needs to be done to drive positive change, a pressing gap remains in how to incentivize and ensure uptake and implementation of these frameworks and strategies for more responsible reporting of GBV within and across media organizations and among media practitioners. This section leverages insights from stakeholders, as well as the literature, to flag additional ‘enablers’ that may be key to unlocking the potential within these existing frameworks. These include dynamics that may have more or less impact at scale, including the values and commitments of individual journalists, networks of feminist journalists and gender editors, the presence of strong feminist and women’s movements that mobilize civil society in response to cases of violence and push for greater accountability from the state and media organizations, and advocacy and engagement with local news organizations and media practitioners by international organizations. Reflecting on the evidence, the review concludes by suggesting that achieving the kinds of changes needed to enable more gender- and age-sensitive reporting will require a combination of formal and informal mechanisms, strategies, and long-term efforts and investments. These need to acknowledge that, even though gender norms and stereotypes are ‘sticky’ and take time to change, the vast sphere of influence of news reporting, and of the media more broadly, means that it presents a tremendous opportunity and entry point for catalysing positive changes in how gender-based violence against girls is represented, and thus how we as a society interpret and respond to it." (Overview, pages 7-8) more

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Charting the Progression of a Journalism Subarea: A Meta-Analysis of Peace Journalism Scholarship

Adeola Abdulateef Elega, Engin Aluc, Omar Abu Arqoub, Metin Ersoy

International Journal of Communication, volume 16 (2022), pp. 1823-1850

"Over the past 2 decades, peace journalism (PJ) has been embraced by reporters as well as activists around the world in their coverage of war and conflict. As a result, it has earned a considerable amount of scholarly attention from academics. Despite that, no study has measured the progression of t ... more

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Social media use and well-being: What we know and what we need to know

Patti M. Valkenburg

Science Direct, issue 45 : 101294 (2022), 8 pp.

"Research into the impact of social media use (SMU) on wellbeing (e.g., happiness) and ill-being (e.g., depression) has exploded over the past few years. From 2019 to August 2021, 27 reviews have been published: nine meta-analyses, nine systematic reviews, and nine narrative reviews, which together ... more

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Fake news during the pandemic times: A systematic literature review using PRISMA

Tahir Mumtaz Awan, Mahroz Aziz, Aruba Sharif, Tehreem Raza Ch., Taha Jasam, Yusra Alvi

Open Information Science, volume 6 (2022), pp. 49-60

"The purpose of this systematic literature review is to review the major studies about misinformation and fake news during COVID-19 on social media. A total of 144 articles studies were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and 20 relevant articles were selected using th ... more

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Mediennutzung in der Corona-Pandemie

Uli Gleich

Media Perspektiven, issue 2 (2022), pp. 81-88

"Während der Corona-Pandemie und der damit verbundenen Einschränkungen des öffentlichen Lebens hat sich der Medienkonsum in allen Bereichen signifikant erhöht. Um auf dem Laufenden und mit anderen in Kontakt zu bleiben, aber auch um sich zu unterhalten und abzulenken, nutzten (und nutzen) die Me ... nschen sowohl die traditionellen Angebote als auch die digitalen Medien- und Kommunikationstechnologien in stärkerem Ausmaß. Medienangebote haben während der Pandemie neben der Informations- auch psychosoziale Funktionen. Die stärker ausgeprägte Nutzung von Medien, die interpersonale Kommunikation und hohe soziale Präsenz ermöglichen (z.B. Video-Calls, Instant-Messenger), ist ein Indikator für das starke soziale Bedürfnis während der Pandemie, das durch den Gebrauch entsprechender Technologien befriedigt werden soll. Neben nützlichen Funktionen können dabei auch eher problematische Folgen der Mediennutzung beobachtet werden. Das Internet wirkt sich beispielsweise in der Krisenzeit positiv als Kommunikationsweg aus, um mit anderen in Kontakt zu bleiben und Informationen zu erhalten. Gleichzeitig berichten die Nutzer aber auch von Überforderung und Erschöpfung sowie negativen emotionalen Auswirkungen durch die Berichterstattung. Mit andauernder Krise zeigen sich zudem Anzeichen dafür, dass weniger Informationen gesucht werden und es bei vielen Menschen zur Informationsüberlastung hinsichtlich des Themas Corona-Pandemie gekommen ist. Wenn subjektiv eine kritische Masse an COVID-19-Informationen erreicht ist, können auch negative Effekte, wie zum Beispiel depressive Symptome, entstehen. Um die psychosozialen Belastungen abzufedern und das Wohlbefinden zu steigern, nutzen die Konsumenten spezifische inhaltliche Medienangebote. So dient zum Beispiel die Rezeption nostalgischer Medieninhalte neben der Unterhaltung auch der Bewältigung von Isolationsbefürchtungen. Als weitere hilfreiche Strategie, um das Bedürfnis nach Zugehörigkeit und sozialen Kontakten zu befriedigen, kann auch die Intensivierung parasozialer Beziehungen mit medialen Charakteren (Prominenten, Personas u.ä.) dienen. Spezifische Medienangebote können somit auch die Funktion haben, einen Ausgleich zur belastenden Situation in der Krise zu bieten." (https://www.ard-media.de/media-perspektiven) more

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Key External Resources on Narrative Peacebuilding

Barcelona: Institute for Integrated Transitions (IFIT) (2022), 3 pp.

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Radikalisierung im Internet: Ein systematischer Überblick über Forschungsstand, Wirkungsebenen sowie Implikationen für Wissenschaft und Praxis
Deep Insights

Sophia Rothut, Heidi Schulze, Julian Hohner, Simon Greipl, Diana Rieger

Bonn: Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (BICC); CoRE-NRW Netzwerk für Extremismusforschung in Nordrhein-Westfalen (2022), 48 pp.

"Das Internet unterstützt auf vielfältige Weise die Wirkung, Effizienz und Effektivität radikalen und extremistischen Gedankenguts, indem es Austausch, Koordination und Informationsbeschaffung erleichtert und beschleunigt. In Folge der langfristigen, strategischen Nutzung der Gelegenheitsstruktur ... en des Internets durch radikale/extremistische Akteure, haben diese umfangreiche, extremismenspezifische Online-Ökosysteme aufgebaut, die auf verschiedene Plattformen verteilt – je nach Angebotscharakter – alle notwendigen Funktionalitäten zur Verbreitung der eigenen Ideologie bieten: von Rekrutierung über Finanzierung bis zu Anschlagsplanung, und insbesondere auch zur Vernetzung und Mobilisierung. Beispielsweise dienen Foren, Chaträume und Instant Messenger primär dem Austausch mit Gleichgesinnten und zu Rekrutierungszwecken. Webseiten werden als teils themenspezifische Informationssammlungen und zur Bereitstellung von Propagandamaterialien genutzt und soziale Medien ermöglichen die großflächige Verbreitung ideologisch-motivierter Botschaften mit enormer Geschwindigkeit sowie die Vernetzung über regionale Bereiche hinweg. Eigene Nachrichtenwebseiten, sogenannte alternative Nachrichtenmedien, dienen der Verzerrung aktueller Ereignisse ganz im Sinne des ideologisch geprägten Weltbilds. Zum Teil hochgradig spezifische Angebote wie Dating-Websites oder extremistische Online-Games werden entwickelt, um Vernetzung und Gruppenkohäsion zu stärken [...] Die systematische Literaturanalyse hat gezeigt, dass sich das Forschungsfeld Online-Radikalisierung innerhalb der letzten Jahre kontinuierlich vergrößert hat und sich sowohl phänomenologisch als auch methodologisch ausdifferenzierte. Trotzdem besteht gegeben der – vor allem auch aktuell – hohen Relevanz des Themas erheblicher empirischer Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich des Umfangs, der Wirkung und der tatsächlichen Folgen von Radikalisierung im Internet. Zusätzlich zur Konzentration auf konkrete Angebote wie spezifische Websites ist von zentraler Bedeutung, sich mehr auf die Besonderheiten technischer Architekturen zu konzentrieren. Erst dadurch werden systematische, längerfristig gültige Aussagen ermöglicht und die Identifikation konkreter Problemfelder verbessert. Die Entwicklung und empirische Prüfung von Indikatoren für verschiedene Ausprägungen von Radikalisierungsdynamiken ermöglicht die Beobachtung und langfristiges Monitoring des Geschehens, um frühzeitig mit adäquaten, gezielten Gegenmaßnahmen reagieren zu können." (Fazit, Seite 36) more

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Research Note: Fighting Misinformation or Fighting for Information?

Alberto Acerbi, Sacha Altay, Hugo Mercier

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 3, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-15

"A wealth of interventions have been devised to reduce belief in fake news or the tendency to share such news. By contrast, interventions aimed at increasing trust in reliable news sources have received less attention. In this article, we show that, given the very limited prevalence of misinformatio ... more

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Communication in Neglected Tropical Diseases’ Elimination: A Scoping Review and Call for Action

Claudia Nieto-Sanchez, David M. Hatley, Mario J. Grijalva, Koen Peeters Grietens, Benjamin R. Bates

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, volume 16, issue 10: e0009774 (2022), 22 pp.

"To understand how communication action is conceived and practiced, we conducted a scoping review with a focus on two diseases currently targeted for elimination: lymphatic filariasis (LF) and Chagas disease (CD). We examined 43 studies published between 2012 and 2020 to identify communication pract ... more

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Paradigm Changes and New Challenges for Media Education: Review and Science Mapping (2000-2021)

Ignacio Aguaded, Sabina Civila, Arantxa Vizcaíno-Verdú

Profesional de la Información, volume 31, issue 6: e310606 (2022), 13 pp.

"The aim of this study is to review our understanding of the scientific relevance of the terms “media education” and “educommunication” during the last two decades to describe its evolution on the basis of its terms, locations, thematic stages, and methodological approaches using a systemati ... more

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Negacionismo climático e desinformação online: Uma revisão de escopo

Rose Marie Santini, Carlos Eduardo Barros

Liinc em Revista (Rio de Janeiro), volume 18, issue 1, e5948 (2022), 27 pp.

"Esforços de síntese de evidências vêm apontando para o avanço das formas organizadas de desinformação e negação do conhecimento científico sobre a mudança climática global. Em vários países do mundo, há um forte debate sobre a difusão dessas narrativas no ambiente online e seus impa ... more

Radikalisierung im Internet: Ein systematischer Überblick über Forschungsstand, Wirkungsebenen sowie Implikationen für Wissenschaft und Praxis Deep Insights

Radikalisierung im Internet: Ein systematischer Überblick über Forschungsstand, Wirkungsebenen sowie Implikationen für Wissenschaft und Praxis
Deep Insights