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Language
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531
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2787
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Countries / Regions
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Authors & Publishers
856
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1
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
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1
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1
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
Media focus
8344
4837
1369
785
479
401
358
228
143
88
Publication Years
5042
6562
2730
326
163
94
58
11
5
Methods applied
581
499
447
396
310
157
107
74
32
31
29
24
23
13
9
7
6
6
1
1
1
Journals
99
62
48
46
36
30
29
28
27
26
26
22
20
20
20
19
19
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
16
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
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9
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9
8
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8
7
7
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6
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5
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5
4
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4
3
3
3
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3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
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2
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2
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2
2
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2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
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Output Type
12404
2110
1000
317
233
202
201
27
Comunicación social en discapacidad: Cuestiones éticas y de estilo
Madrid: Editorial POLIBEA (2003), 43 pp.
A Field Guide to Designing a Health Communication Strategy
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs (2003), 230, 48, 5, 4 pp.
European Media Ownership: Threats on the Landscape. A Survey of Who Owns What in Europe
Brussels: European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), updated ed. (2003), 49 pp.
"This report concludes that there are major threats in Europe’s media landscape. Some of the threats identified are political and private threats to public service broadcasting, power over global media in the hands of few, more and more media concentration, the threat to emerging markets in Easter
...
n and Central Europe and regulation getting weaker as media power grows." (Summary of findings, page 4)
more
Media in South Eastern Europe: Legislation, Professionalism and Associations
Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2003), 56 pp.
"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid
...
e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2)
more
Communicating in the Information Society
Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) (2003), 223 pp.
"The contribution in this book cast a spotlight into dark, often neglected, corners of the "information society" as articulated in the World Summit on the Information Society. Several very different layers are illuminated, from the philosophical underpinnings of the role of information in society, t
...
o the context and manner in which the concept has recently emerged into global consciousness, to how it can be deployed in practice to maximize benefits to society. An edited volume is well suited to covering these diverse ways of thinking about the topic as it offers the opportunity to bring together authors with different backgrounds and approaches." (Publisher description)
more
Freedom of Speech, Media Exposure, and the Defense of a Free Press in Africa
Afrobarometer (2003), 6 pp.
"There are considerable regional variations in media exposure across and within African countries. Take access to daily radio news bulletins, which is higher in Southern Africa (except Lesotho) than in West Africa: whereas 71 percent of South Africans listen to radio news daily, only 44 percent of N
...
igerians and 41 percent of Ghanaians do so (see Figure 3). Moreover, while radio listening is widespread, other media are used mainly in urban areas: town dwellers are four times more likely than rural residents to read a daily newspaper (23 percent versus 6 percent) and five times more likely to watch television every day (44 versus 8 percent). As such, urban news consumers have a wider choice of news sources than their country cousins, who tend to rely mainly on government-controlled national radio broadcasts." (Page 3)
more
Handling the Media
Civicus (2003), 34 pp.
Broadcasting Policy and Practice in Africa
London: Article 19 (2003), v, 222 pp.
The One to Watch: Radio, New ICT and Interactivity
Deep Insights
Rome: FAO; Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2003), 250 pp.
"The cases presented in this book are among the first examples of the convergence of radio and new ICTs for development, and the book underscores the significant potential of the combination. In this convergence, radio promises to take on even greater significance and value. For this reason, we beli
...
eve that radio is the one to watch." (https://comunica.org/1-2-watch)
more
A Media Relations Handbook for Non-Governmental Organizations
New York; London: Independent Journalism Foundation; Media Diversity Institute (2003), 89 pp.