Indirect and Direct Subsidies for Media: The European Experience
BBC Media Action;PRIMED (2022), 22 pp.
Contains bibliogr. pp. 20-22
"This report presents four models of direct media subsidies in Europe: from Serbia, Croatia, Sweden and the European Union as well as an overview of reduced VAT rates for newspapers, digital publications and periodicals in EU countries and Serbia. In recent years, the value of direct state aid for media has been questioned, while indirect subsidies, such as tax exemptions, have been the model preferred by governments and welcomed by media owners. This is especially the case with reduced VAT rates, which have been introduced in all EU Member States and beyond." (Executive summary)
1 Executive summary, 1
2 Introduction, 1
3 Reduced VAT rates: the most common form of indirect media support, 4
4 Serbia: generous public support and the threat of political parallelism, 5
5 Croatia: state aid as a last resort for local media, 7
6 Swedish media subsidies: public support for general news, 10
7 European Union: the EACEA’s commitment to transparency and details, 16
8 Conclusions, 18
2 Introduction, 1
3 Reduced VAT rates: the most common form of indirect media support, 4
4 Serbia: generous public support and the threat of political parallelism, 5
5 Croatia: state aid as a last resort for local media, 7
6 Swedish media subsidies: public support for general news, 10
7 European Union: the EACEA’s commitment to transparency and details, 16
8 Conclusions, 18
