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"Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change is the first volume to overview the country’s contemporary media landscape, providing a critical assessment of the sector during the complex and controversial political transition. Moving beyond the focus on journalism and freedom of th ... more

Epilogue: Media Studies in Myanmar. Where Do We Go from Here?

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 387-394
"Academic studies of Myanmar media in English are few and far between, although this is starting to change as the country continues to open and a new generation of Myanmar scholars emerges. Many of the studies that do exist fall into common conceptual traps, such as an overemphasis on journalism or ... more

Whispered Support: Two Decades of International Aid for Independent Journalism and Free Expression

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 95-130
"This chapter is drawn primarily from Jane Madlyn McElhone's thirteen years of in-field experience in Myanmar and other nations in transition, as well as key informant interviews she conducted in 2017 and 2018 [...] Our discussion is driven by a series of interlinked questions. Who were the key medi ... more

Films for Dignity

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 307-314
"In 2013 I became the co-organizer of the Human Rights, Human Dignity Film Festival in Yangon. We organized the festival for a simple reason - we were very suspicious of the political reform process initiated by the Thein Sein administration, the transformed military government. Like many of our fel ... more

Cracking the Glass Ceiling in Myanmar Media

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 243-250
"Pre-publication censorship has been abolished, private journals and papers abound (although the issue of consolidation caused by financial strains is another matter) and, depending on your calculations, there are between 2,000 and 5,000 accredited journalists in Myanmar, at least half of whom are w ... more

Myanmar's Pop Music Industry in Transition

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 267-286
"I begin this chapter with a review of the scholarly literature on music scenes during and after political transitions. Next, I report on how Myanmar's popular music scene developed in the immediate wake of the cancellation of censorship. I argue that the popular music scene is being significantly a ... more

Counter-Narratives: Myanmar's Digital Media Activists

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 377-386
"In the months before Myanmar's national elections in November 2015, Khin Oo says she began to engage directly with Facebook users to dispel rumours and misinformation that, in her view, propagated hate and inflamed intercommunal tensions. She posted "right speech" and "right information" by comment ... more

Silencing a Snakehead Fish: A Case Study in Local Media, Rural-Based Activism, and Defamation Litigation in Southern Myanmar

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 151-176
"My focus in this chapter is on civil society mobilization in Tanintharyi Region in southern Myanmar, and particularly in Kanbauk, a village of about 1,500 households in the Tanintharyi Hills, eighty kilometres north of the regional capital, Dawei. In recent years, Kanbauk villagers have contended w ... more

Media and the 2015 General Elections

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 251-264
"The first section of the chapter provides a brief overview of the legal framework that defines the concept of media space, with a specific focus on election day. Regulations included constraints on journalists' ability to cover the elections, which affected their access to polling stations. The sec ... more

Covering Rakhine: Journalism, Conflict and Identity

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 229-238
"In this chapter I explore the challenge of gaining access, and remaining independent, in an ethnic state where you are expected to be on one side of the conflict or on the other. For decades the military junta restricted access to information and wielded a powerful propaganda strategy. This has had ... more

New Video Generation: The Myanmar Motion Picture Industry in 2017

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 287-306
"Following a summary of secondary and primary sources on the subject of film production in Burma, I will present an overview of the history of the Burmese film industry, from the British colonial period, to independence, to the years of the Burmese Socialist Program Party, and then the SLORC/SPDC ye ... more

The Metamorphosis of Media in Myanmar's Ethnic States

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 210-228
"In this chapter I explore the challenging move from the borderlands and the growth of the media sector inside the ethnic states. The outlets launched inside now outnumber those that have moved inside. BNI's members - now totalling fourteen - are also in the minority. Yet in many ways it is Burma Ne ... more

From Blogging to Digital Rights: Telecommunications Reform in Myanmar

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 366-376
"The uptake of telecommunications technology in Myanmar has been nothing short of dramatic. After years of restricted access to information and freedom of expression, it has been a remarkable journey for civil society groups like MIDO to witness the growing interest and demand, especially among the ... more

Precarity and Risk in Myanmar's Media: A Longitudinal Analysis of Natural Disaster Coverage by 'The Irrawaddy'

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 177-200
"In this chapter we use the twin concepts of precarity and mobilization to explore the tensions associated with media reporting about Myanmar over time, analysing the reporting of the (formerly) exiled media publication The Irrawaddy. The chapter explores coverage through an examination of the sourc ... more

Legal Changes for Media and Expression: New Reforms, Old Controls

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 59-94
"This chapter provides an overview of the laws related to media and free expression introduced or changed in Myanmar since 2011. We begin with a review of the literature on media legal reforms during transitions, followed by a mapping of the media laws in Myanmar and issues related to the reform pro ... more

Tribal Journalists under Fire: Threats, impunity and decision making in reporting on conflict in Pakistan

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 147-158
"This study investigates the challenges faced by local journalists caught between the global “war on terror” and its local consequences in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Threats and impunity are commonplace in this buffer zone bordering Pakistan and Afghanistan, compell ... more
"To support joint efforts to protect journalism, there is a growing need for research-based knowledge. Acknowledging this need, the aim of this publication is to highlight and fuel journalist safety as a field of research, to encourage worldwide participation, as well as to inspire further dialogues ... more
"The Companion is the first collection to bring together two distinct ways of thinking about human rights and media, including scholarship that examines media as a human right alongside that which looks at media coverage of human rights issues. This international collection of 49 newly written piece ... more
"This article offers an assessment of media and their role in the ongoing political transition in Myanmar, and an overview of lessons learned from other countries undergoing transition. It demonstrates how media function in this process as active agents of stability, restraint, change, or all three, ... more