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Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights

Krishna Kumar

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner (2006), 189 pp.

"This book represents one step in explaining international efforts to promote independent media. It attempts to examine the nature and significance of media assistance, discussing the evolution of the field, the focus of various programming approaches, and the possible impact of such efforts. It pre ... sents case studies of media assistance programs in different countries. The book concludes with a set of recommendations for expanding and deepening media assistance for the international community. This book project grew out of a multi-country study that I directed in 2002–2004 to examine media assistance programs funded by the US Agency for International Development. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the nature and effectiveness of USAID programs and make policy and programmatic recommendations for the future. In writing this book I have mostly drawn from the massive information collected during two years of research and analysis. The book is based primarily on three sources of information. First are reviews of literature covering scholarly writings, project and program documents, and articles in popular magazines and newspapers on media assistance. Such reviews were country specific as well as global in nature. Because the academic literature is extremely limited and media assistance is hardly covered in magazines and newspapers except in high-profile cases such as Bosnia and Serbia, reviews largely relied on program documentation. I had the unique advantage of perusing thousands of documents that are not available to the public. Although mostly descriptive and often self-serving, they identified critical gaps in our knowledge and illuminated the challenges and achievements of international media endeavors. Second, my colleagues and I undertook extensive fieldwork in seven countries/regions—Afghanistan, Bosnia, Central America, Indonesia, Russia, Serbia, and Sierra Leone. In each of these cases, research teams conducted extensive discussions with international donor agencies, officials of host countries, project staff and contractors, and local media experts and journalists. Every possible effort was made to interview all those experts and managers who had intimate knowledge of the ongoing media assistance programs. Teams also examined locally available documents and reports and used translators to translate documents into English when necessary. In the absence of hard quantitative data, they largely relied on available documentation, indepth interviews, and their own knowledge of the media scene for their findings and conclusions. Finally, I organized a series of meetings in Washington, D.C., to discuss the findings of the country studies and explore new directions for media assistance programs. Such meetings helped to identify many problems and challenges facing media assistance programs and helped in formulating a set of recommendation for policymakers." (Chapter 1, page 10-11) more

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Auslandsmärkte als Chance: Die deutsche ITK-Wirtschaft

Berlin: Bundesverband Informationswirtschaft, Telekommunikation und neue Medien (BITKOM); Auswärtiges Amt (2006), 498 pp.

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WorldCat (272)

South East Europe Media Handbook 2005/2006

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2006), 748 pp.

"It is a simple fact that it is hard to find reliable information on the media in South Eastern Europe. The 'South East Europe Media Handbook' bridges this gap in a unique way and offers basic information about the situation of the media in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2005: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Washington, DC: IREX (2005), 275 pp.

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WorldCat (263)

South East Europe Media Handbook 2004/2005

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2005), 404 pp.

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Television Across Europe: Regulation, Policy and Independence. Vol. 3: Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, United Kingdom

Budapest: Open Society Institute (2005), pp. 1165-1662

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Youth and Media in Transition Societies: The Case of Serbia. A Preparative Study for the Symposium "Youth and Media in Transition Societies"

Marko Cadez, Radovan Kupres

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2005), 70 pp.

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Nachrichtenmedien als Mediatoren von Peace-Building, Demokratisierung und Versöhnung in Nachkriegsgesellschaften

Projektgruppe Friedensforschung Konstanz (ed.)

Berlin: Regener (2005), 306 pp.

"Während die Untersuchung von Kriegsberichterstattung und Propaganda auf eine lange Tradition in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung zurückblicken kann, gibt es bislang erst wenige empirische Untersuchungen, welche die Berichterstattung über Nachkriegs- und Friedensprozesse zum Gegenstand habe ... more

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Fight the Power: The Role of the Serbian Independent Electronic Media in the Democratization of Serbia

Spasa Bosnjak

Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, School of Communication, Master Thesis (2005), 123 pp.

"This thesis presents the major contributions of the Serbian independent electronic media to the struggle for the democratization of Serbia throughout the 1990s. The thesis also examines some aspects of the transformation of the media in Eastern Europe in the 1990s and outlines several different the ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2004: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Washington, DC: IREX (2005), 275 pp.

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Die Rolle der Medien bei der Entwicklung der Demokratie in Serbien

Jovanka Matic

Ursula Reber (transl.)

Kakanien Revisted (2004), 10 pp.

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WorldCat (187)

South East Europe Media Handbook 2003/2004

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2004), 216 pp.

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WorldCat (252)

Internationales Handbuch Medien 2004/2005

Hans-Bredow-Institut (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos, 27th ed. (2004), 1200 pp.

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Report on Regional Public Television in Europe: Albania, Belgium, Bosnia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden

Lugano: Instituto Media e Giornalismo, Facoltà di Scienze della Comunicazione, Università della Svizzera Italiana (2004), 131 pp.

"What follows from the analysis of the surveyed cases is a high level of variety of public television activity on the regional level. This clearly depends on the size and population of different countries, on the central and local administrative organization, on the level of linguistic homogeneity a ... nd from a series of historical, political and cultural factors. For this reason is difficult to talk of variable models of public regional television. In reality, however, there is an important factor of comparison, which allows us to subdivide the surveyed cases in two large categories how we did in the first step report: the statute of regional television centres in terms of independence or organic dependence on the national television companies. In Bosnia, Denmark, Greece, Netherland, Portugal, Russia and Serbia there are public regional television centres independent from national television companies. In Albania, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Ireland and Slovenia there are regional centres, which constitute an organic and integrated part of the national television companies. Where regional public televisions are independent in some cases they broadcast only to the regional population as in Denmark, Portugal, Netherland, Finland, Russia, in other cases they broadcast at national level as in Belgium and Greece. Where regional public televisions are local branch of national companies in some case they produce only for regional transmissions as in Albania and Finland, in other cases they produce also for national public television channels as in Czech Republic and Sweden. In the case of Portugal, regional television centres are independent companies, owned in part by national public television, and they produce programs also for the international public channel to reach the “diaspora” of regional population. A second factor of comparison concerns the relationship between the regional television centres and the regional political, cultural, and social context. In some cases the relationship is important as in Bosnia, Portugal, Belgium, Russia, Serbia in other are not evident as in Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Finland. A third factor of comparison concern the extension of regional broadcasting activities. In some cases the regional activity is limited to some daily news broadcasted in a window inside the national programs as in Finland and Ireland, in other cases it concern a more or less wide range of programs of various genres as in Netherlands, Denmark, Russia, Portugal. In correspondence to that dimension there are differences of the economic resources at disposal of each regional television." (Introduction, page 2-3) more

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Support for ANEM Member and Affiliate Radio and TV Stations in Serbia

Roland Brunner, Nena Skopljanac

Zurich: medienhilfe (mh) (2004), 11 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2003: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Mark Whitehouse, Theo Dolan (eds.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2004), xxi, 277 pp.

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Media Development by OSCE Field Missions

Yevgenia Manro, Peter Palmer, Mark Thompson

Amsterdam: Press Now (2004), 76 pp.

"This report represents the first attempt by a nongovernmental organisation (NGO) to appraise the media-development work of OSCE in the field. It is the outcome of a project designed by Press Now, an NGO based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. For the past decade, Press Now has assisted media in the co ... more

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Media Landscape of South East Europe 2002

Sofia: ACCESS-Sofia Foundation (2003), 230 pp.

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U.S. Media Assistance Programs in Serbia: July 1997 - June 2002

Rich McClear, Suzi McClear, Peter Graves

Washington, DC: USAID, Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination (2003), xiii, 33 pp.

"Serbian media assistance programs reflect two approaches to media development. Though they occasionally created friction, the differing approaches produced positive results. The goal of USAID’s Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) was to fund programs and media outlets that could dissemin ... more

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Media in Multilingual Societies: Freedom and Responsability

Ana Karlsreiter (ed.)

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2003), 168 pp.

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance Deep Insights

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights