"Undécimo número de El libro en cifras, que apareció por primera vez en junio de 2012, con un objetivo: retratar en cifras la situación del libro, la lectura, las bibliotecas y el derecho de autor en Iberoamérica. Desde entonces, dos veces al año, este boletín ha venido ofreciendo informes so
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bre el registro de títulos con isbn en la región, bien concentrándose en un área geográfica específica, o bien brindando actualizaciones a partir de los datos disponibles más recientes. A esta mirada al registro de títulos, se han sumado reseñas de estudios que en el Cerlalc encontramos de interés, cuyos resultados y conclusiones glosamos y contextualizamos para los lectores iberoamericanos. Así se ha configurado el perfil de esta publicación, que tomada en conjunto permitiría constatar en qué ámbitos específicos del ecosistema del libro ha crecido, durante este cinco años, el interés por realizar mediciones, censos, encuestas, etc., y en cuáles persisten todavía enormes vacíos. Esta entrega ofrece un primer vistazo al registro de títulos con ISBN en América Latina en 2016. El hecho más sobresaliente es la disminución, por segundo año consecutivo, en el total de títulos que se dieron de alta en las agencias nacionales: pasó de 196.450 títulos en 2015 a 189.857 en 2016. Tras más de una década de constante crecimiento, que alcanzó su cota más alta en 2014, se produce una reversión de la tendencia. Conviene, sin embargo, ser cautos antes de apresurar conclusiones, pues, a pesar de la caída, el de 2016 es el tercer registro más alto de los últimos diez años." (Editorial)
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"Journalists in many countries work in contexts of continuous risk, but few empirical studies identify how these conditions influence practice or measure the relative influence of different kinds of risk. This study asks a national sample of Mexican journalists to report use of several measures to a
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meliorate risk as violence and anti-press threat intensified over the last decade. It then identifies conditions that increased the likelihood of engaging in these practices. Findings reveal diverse tactics to remain safe and how those seeking to disseminate news through less-risky channels are less common than individual or outlet-based censorship. The study shows that physical insecurity overlaps with economic pressures to shut down important public-interest functions and that support for change agent roles, youth, ethnic minority status and working in smaller cities are important predictors of precautionary practices. The chapter ends with policy recommendations for international organizations, the Mexican government and press rights activists." (Abstract)
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"This article presents an ethnographic approach to how low-income Brazilians of impoverished urban areas have engaged in community journalism and media activism. Exploring empirical materials collected during a seven-year research process (2009-2016), the article has two main objectives. One is to a
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nalyze how low-income youth reflect on their own processes of engagement in communication for social change (CFSC). Another objective is to demonstrate how ethnography can provide in-depth analyses of trajectories and initiatives in CFSC. The article primarily focuses on retrospective accounts of young adults who had participated in media-educational projects by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and subsequently became active agents of change in, through and about media. The analysis of these accounts indicates how the participation in NGO projects characterize actions for self-development. It also demonstrates how interactions among participants–not necessarily anticipated by NGOs –are crucial for low-income youth to engage in activist media and journalism in peripheral Rio de Janeiro. The article ends with a reflection about how ethnography is a useful method to add in-depth qualitative layers to the evaluation of CFSC initiatives." (Abstract)
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"Este libro relata la gestión de la campaña de lucha contra la desnutrición infantil realizada por el Grupo RPP y difundida de forma ininterrumpida a traves de su principal emisora radial, desde el 2006 hasta el 2010. Dicha experiencia representó una apuesta empresarial donde se evidenció que l
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as campañas sociales bien estructuradas, que reciben el compromiso de alta dirección de la institución y logran el involucramiento de los grupos de interés, pueden llegar a ser una eficiente estrategia de responsabilidad social a mediano plazo." (Editorial)
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"José Luis Benítez provides an overview of the safety situation in Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador." (Abstract)
"Berg examines the conditions under which Peruvians of rural and working-class origins leave the central highlands to migrate to the United States. Migrants often create new portrayals of themselves to overcome the class and racial biases that they had faced in their home country, as well as to cont
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rol the images they share of themselves with others back home. Migrant videos, for example, which document migrants’ lives for family back home, are often sanitized to avoid causing worry." (Publisher description)
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"More than 20 years into democracy, the South African media landscape, although free and moderately pluralistic, still does not represent fairly the diversity of viewpoints held in the country. Yet, the South African media debate on transformation has been dominated by the ANC’s continued focus on
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media accountability. This has silenced a more constructive debate on how to foster media diversity. In the wake of a review of the MDDA (Media Development and Diversity Agency) Act, this paper seeks to reignite this debate by investigating different types of print media regulation and support in Scandinavia, Latin America and West Africa. It argues, firstly, that print media regulation and support is crucial to foster and maintain democratic debate, which is endangered if the media market is left to its own devices. Secondly, government support to print media has been much more common around the globe than often assumed, especially in the Scandinavian countries, which have invested heavily and successfully in the sector. Thirdly, an analysis of national contexts of print media support highlights the perpetual danger of governments exerting censorship or control. However, as is demonstrated in the paper’s final section, a multiplicity of mechanisms of support exist that could be adapted to the South African context, whilst seeking to minimise state control." (Abstract)
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"Freedom of expression is a cornerstone of democratic society and essential for the formation of an informed public opinion. A society that is not well informed is never totally free. This chapter examines the interplay of external and internal risks on press freedom in five Mexican states. The conc
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lusions are based on a larger research project conducted with the civic association, Collective of Analysis of Security with Democracy (CASEDE) and the non-governmental organisation Freedom House, between 2014 and 2015. Sinaloa has been the home to Mexico's most important drug-trafficking groups for more than seventy years. Risks in Mexico City differ from those in the rest of the country and the capital has escaped the worst of the drug violence. Chiapas is one of the few states in the country with a Specialised Prosecutor's Office for Crimes Against Freedom of Expression, but the office's capacity for action is minimal." (Abstract)
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"Introduction: journalists in Latin America continue to face numerous threats in the exercise of their journalistic profession, which has increased the concern of the international community over its protection in recent years. Methodology: The objective of this research is to analyse nearly 500 cas
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es of murders and disappearances in Latin America from 2000 to the present, as well as to elaborate on a profuse bibliographic review of the main sources of information and national and international programs in this regard. Results and conclusions: The results show a considerable gap between the international willingness to create programs for the protection and fight against impunity, the complex and insecure national realities in the region, and the number of information professionals who died or disappeared violently in Latin America." (Abstract)
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"Research on journalists working in contexts of risk has examined either war correspondents on temporary assignments or the psychological effects of covering traumatic events, usually after the events have ended. Although these studies are important, they fail to account for the growing importance o
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f ongoing violence in insecure democracies and its possible consequences for national journalistic practice. We address these issues by examining journalists' risk-reduction practices in Mexico, including self-censorship, following company censorship policies, curtailing street reporting, and concealing sensitive information. Using logistic regressions, we tested occupational, organizational, normative, and contextual conditions as predictors of engagement in these practices. Findings reveal the pervasiveness of risk-reduction practices in Mexico and the complexity of conditions prompting their use, including conditions related to antipress violence, dangerous newsbeats, and the economic insecurity of media firms but also voicing greater support for assertive professional norms. The research sets a baseline for future comparative research that includes greater attention to subnational conditions, dangerous newsbeats, and how violence and uneven state capacity may undermine the economic conditions of media firms." (Abstract)
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"In Australia in the 1980s, large numbers of remote Indigenous radio stations were established due to a perception that the introduction of ‘mainstream’ satellite programming in remote areas would act as a form of cultural ‘nerve gas’ (Remedio, 2012: 295) that would threaten ‘the very isol
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ation that had helped to preserve what remained of traditional language and culture’ (Guster, 2010: 9). There are parallels here with the development of remote media in Mexico and Canada, where local radio networks focusing on cultural content production were established in response to impending development and imposed sources of mass media. In each country, broadcasters in remote communities have, in recent years, been producing increasing amounts of hyper-local cultural and language-based content. This article examines the role played by Indigenous media in remote areas of Australia, Canada and Mexico in creating an alternative cultural voice for traditional communities and maintaining language and culture." (Abstract)
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