"The Oxford-based Central and East European Publishing Project was a remarkable initiative to support embattled Central and East European publishers and journals, and to punch holes through the cultural iron curtain by encouraging translations and a 'common market of the mind' between East and West.
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The nine years of its existence straddle the largest watershed in European history since 1945, and the Project's history – told here by some of its leading participants – illuminates the nature of the recent changes in Central and Eastern Europe." (Publisher description)
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"[...] We consider here a wide range of post-communisms. At one extremestands the former German Democratic Republic: There, the politicalcollapse of communism immediately preceded the economic and socialdestruction of the old way of life. As Maryellen Boyle shows, theaspirations of the people who ov
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erthrew communism were swept aside bythe juggernaut of reunification. This anschluss - to borrow Habermas’shistorically loaded term -was immediately followed by the imposition ofWest German ideas and structures. Within broadcasting, this foundexpression in the setting up of a new system integrated into the existing West German framework. These structural changes were accompanied bythe appointment of Western managers, often from the ruling ChristianDemocratic Party, and an extensive purge of the existing staff. EasternGermany has been rather brutally and very finally integrated into the worldmarket at the expense of the people who ran the Stalinist state.A t the other extreme stands the Chinese experience. There the processof integration, and the destruction of central planning, are proceeding asrapidly in television as in any other part of society. The political system,however, remains controlled by the very same people who have been inpower for years. As Yu Huang shows, the massive development oftelevision in China has been largely the result of the introduction of localautonomy and a shift towards commercial financing. This has led to strainsand tensions between the central party apparatus and the broadcasters.The aftermath of Tiananmen Square was to increase political control butnot to interrupt the growth of the market. One might say that, so far atleast, the process of integration into the world market has been to thebenefit of the people who ran the old system.Between these two extremes lie the majority of countries of the formerSoviet empire in Europe and its local offshoots elsewhere. In differentcountries there have been varying degrees of political change and the scaleand extent of the introduction of market mechanisms and privatization hasbeen extremely uneven. We publish two articles which reflect on East andCentral Europe and which attempt to theorize those experiences. ColinSparks and Anna Reading look at the main currents of social theory whichhave tried t o explain the nature of the end of communism and itsaftermath. They apply propositions derived from these to the study oftelevision in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. KarolJakubowicz makes wider geographical generalizations, but concentrateshis attention mostly on Poland. Despite recognizing the continuingpolitical pressure on the media, he is finally optimistic as to the chances of‘depoliticizing’ television [...] (Editorial)
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"Twenty-eight experts examine broadcasting in 24 countries in this essay handbook. John Lent takes on Cuba and India; Benno Signitzer and Kurt Luger look at Austria; and Marvin Alisky reports on Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Other included countries are Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, the Fede
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ral Republic of Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, the Soviet Union, Sweden, and the United States. According to the introduction, "At present no reference work exists where one can readily ascertain what the broadcast structure is in a given nation and how it came to be. By filling this void, we hope that our work will make a substantial contribution to the field of international broadcasting." This they have done. Most essays include a bibliography; information on history, regulation, economic structure, programming, new technologies, and broadcast reform; and a conclusion and/or forecast. What type of information can be found under "broadcast reform"? In Israel, for example: The reaction against the "leftist mafia," a nickname coined for broadcasters, has been strongly felt in programming and personnel appointment policies. A popular TV satirical program was taken off the air in the late 1970s in response to harsh political criticism. The television prime-time weekly news magazine, broadcast on Friday nights, was cancelled in the mid-1980s on the grounds that the Israeli people should not be exposed to "demoralizing" news on the Sabbath eve." (Jo A. Cates: Journalism - a guide to the reference literature. Englewood, Col.: Libraries Unlimited, 2nd ed. 1997 nr. 445)
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"This is a survey of the state of the press in 180 countries, organized in four sections: Section I, "The International Press"; Section II, "The World's Developed Press Systems"; Section III, "Smaller and Developing Press Systems, " and Section IV, " Minimal and Underdeveloped Press Systems." Covera
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ge is alphabetical by country within the sections. Discussions and data for the various countries in the first three sections are under the following headings: "Basic Data: Background and General Characteristics"; "Economic Framework"; "Press Law"; "Censorship"; "State Press Relations"; "Attitude Toward Foreign Media"; "News Agencies"; "Electronic News Media"; "Education and Training"; and in conclusion "Summary," with a discussion of trends and prospects; followed by "Chronology." Preceding each country is a table of basic data, and following it a bibliography. Section IV, "Minimal and Underdeveloped Press Systems," treats each country briefly in tabular form. Appendixes list 50 of the best known daily newspapers, the news agencies of the world, selected periodicals dealing with the press, media multinationals, press-related associations, unions and organizations, advertising expenditures, radio transmitters and receivers, and television transmitters and sets." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 239)
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