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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
30
Media Law & Regulation
28
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
25
Associations & Networks of Journalists
17
Journalism Education & Training
16
Journalistic Quality
16
Media Management
16
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
10
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
7
Censorship
6
Audiences & Users
5
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
5
Politics and Media
5
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
4
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
4
Internet
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Television Landscapes
4
Democracy / Democratization and Media
4
Political Transition and Media
4
Media / Communication Control
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Social Media
3
Economics of Media
3
Female Journalists & Media Workers
3
Election Reporting
3
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
3
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Press Landscapes
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Mobile Phone Use
2
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
2
Samizdat
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
2
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
2
Government Propaganda
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
Twitter & Microblogs
2
Mobile Phone Markets
2
ICT Regulation
2
Economy
2
International Communication
2
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
2
Satellite Television
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Propaganda
2
Satellite Radios
2
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
2
Television Transmitters
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Television Channels
2
Youth and Media
2
Advertising
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
1
Area & Regional Studies
1
Media Diaries
1
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
1
Media Use: Entertainment
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Election Campaigns
1
Children and Media
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Media Literacy: Children
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Videos
1
Communication Rights
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Alternative Press
1
Community Development
1
Community Media
1
Community Radios
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Participatory Communication
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
War Reporting
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Artists
1
Theatre
1
Cultural Exchange
1
Culture (General)
1
Donor Agencies
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Communication for Social Change
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Google
1
Internet / ICTs and Social Change
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Facebook
1
Telegram
1
YouTube
1
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Video on Demand
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Health Communication
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Journalism
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
1
Television News
1
Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Poland: Media Assistance
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Human Rights
1
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1
Diasporas
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Internal Politics
1
Democratization
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Communication
1
Public Spheres
1
Periodicals
1
Radio
1
Youth Radio Programmes, Youth Radio Stations, School Radios
1
Everyday Life
1
Manipulation
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Society
1
Civil Society
1
Rohingya
1
Digital Switchover
1
Digital Television
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Youth Media
1
Youth: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This report gives forecasts for online video spend and consumption, where available, for 40 markets in which online video is at varying stages of development. From markets such as Singapore, where 85% of the population claims to access online video (according to GlobalWebIndex, 2014), to countries ... more

Belarus: Time for Media Reform. Policy Paper on Media Freedom in Belarus

Index on Censorship;Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ) (2014), 27 pp.
"The 2014 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia is marked by an overall constancy of scores, for better or worse. Taken as a whole, the average of 21 overall scores shows an increase of 0.01 compared with last year. Out of the 21 countries studied, 13 showed a change in score of less than 0.10. Of the rema ... more
"Internet freedom around the world has declined for the fourth consecutive year, with a growing number of countries introducing online censorship and monitoring practices that are simultaneously more aggressive and more sophisticated in their targeting of individual users. In a departure from the pa ... more

Lautsprecher und Widersprecher: Ein Ansatz zum Vergleich der Mediensysteme

Köln: Herbert von Halem Verlag (2014), 440 pp.
"Der Autor porträtiert 23 Länder aus sechs Weltregionen. Anschließend bildet er mittels des pragmatischen Differenz-Ansatzes sechs Modelle heraus: Das liberale Modell, das Public-Service-Modell, das Klientel-Modell, das Schock-Modell, das Patrioten-Modell und das Kommando-Modell. Dabei zeigt sich ... more
"Freedom House has conducted a comprehensive study of internet freedom in 60 countries around the world. This report is the fourth in a series and focuses on developments that occurred between May 2012 and April 2013. The previous edition, covering 47 countries, was published in September 2012. 'Fre ... more

Media Under Attack: Balkans and Former Soviet Union Press Freedom Review, January 2011 - December 2013

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2013), 69 pp.
"The advent of digital television has accelerated the elaboration of regulation and related processes in the countries of the region. Some countries adopted changes in their broadcasting statutes (Ukraine in 2006; Armenia in 2008 and 2010; Kazakhstan in 2012) or their mass media statute (Russia in 2 ... more
"TThe 2012 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia revealed a mix of positive developments, regression, and stagnation (or resilience, depending on one’s point of view). Nearly half of the 21 countries included in this study showed little change either way, their overall score moving by 0.10 or less. Six c ... more

Safety on the Line: Exposing the Myth of Mobile Communication Security

Washington, DC: Freedom House;Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) (2012), 175 pp.
"This report evaluates the risks and vulnerabilities of mobile phone services and apps in 12 specified countries: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Belarus, the People’s Republic of China, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Libya, the Sultanate of Oman, the Kingdom ... more
"This report is the third in a series of comprehensive studies of internet freedom around the globe and covers developments in 47 countries that occurred between January 2011 and May 2012. Over 50 researchers, nearly all based in the countries they analyzed, contributed to the project by researching ... more

Internet Enemies Report 2012

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2012), 72 pp.

Belarus

N-ost Netzwerk für Osteuropa-Berichterstattung (2012), 114 pp.
"With three notable exceptions—Belarus, Russia, and Uzbekistan—the media sector in the countries included in the first edition of the MSI in 2001 have over time either improved overall or stayed more or less the same. But, a review of overall MSI scores is just one way to use the MSI to see how ... more

No Justice for Journalists in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia: Impunity and Killings of Journalists Go Hand in Hand

London; Copenhagen: Article 19;International Media Support (IMS) (2011), 41 pp.
"Spontane Proteste, die über soziale Netzwerke organisiert werden, haben das politische Leben Belarus’ in Aufruhr versetzt. Die Bewegung, die diese Proteste organisierte, bediente sich – im Vergleich zu anderen politischen Kräften – innovativer Methoden und konnte eine Vielzahl neuer Mitglie ... more
"Internet censorship and surveillance becomes more sophisticated. The first-generation controls like China's "Great Firewall" are being replaced by techniques that include strategically timed distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, targeted malware, take-down notices and stringent terms-of-usa ... more