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La participation de la communauté dans les radios locales et communautaires: Une étude exploratoire en Afrique, en Asie, en Amérique latine et en Océanie

Julia Fröhlich, Daniel Däschle, Andrés Geerts, Sofie Jannusch

Aachen: Catholic Media Council (CAMECO) (2012), 19 pp.

"Ce rapport présente les principales conclusions de trois enquêtes régionales sur la participation dans certaines stations de radio locales et communautaires en Afrique, en Asie, en Amérique latine et en Océanie. Les enquêtes ont porté sur la participation des communautés dans la programmati ... on, la gestion, la propriété et le financement des radios. Les résultats ne sont en aucun cas représentatifs; ils fourniront cependant une base pour la poursuite de recherches plus approfondies et conduiront à une publication. La participation de la communauté est un élément important pour presque toutes les stations qui ont participé à l'enquête. Dans toutes les régions, la participation dans la programmation est la plus forte. Les résultats montrent que les formes «traditionnelles» de la participation des auditeurs, comme la participation à des talk-shows ou à des programmes interactifs – présentes également dans les radios publiques ou commerciales, sont très fréquentes dans les radios locales et/ou communautaires. La participation à la gestion, à la propriété et au financement est moins répandue. Bien que le classement des différents domaines de la participation soit semblable dans toutes les régions, il présente certaines différences dans leur importance : les radios d'Amérique latine montrent une participation particulièrement élevée dans la programmation, mais sont de loin inférieures à la moyenne au niveau de la gestion et la propriété. En Afrique, le niveau de participation dans le financement et la propriété est relativement élevé. En Asie la participation à la gestion joue un rôle important. La majorité des stations génèrent des revenus par des sources et des activités multiples et variées. En Amérique latine, la publicité est d'une importance primordiale; en Afrique, la vente de temps d’antenne ainsi que le financement par des donateurs étrangers et locaux sont deux facteurs relativement notables, tandis qu'en Asie, l'appui du gouvernement joue un rôle plus important que dans les deux autres continents. Le manque de fonds est considéré comme la contrainte la plus forte pour une participation accrue des communautés dans toutes les régions couvertes par l'enquête. Une implication précoce des communautés (dès les phases de planification et de mise en oeuvre) et leur organisation en clubs d’auditeurs sont deux facteurs qui conduisent à une plus forte participation." (Résumé) more

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La participación de la comunidad en las radios locales y comunitarias: Un estudio exploratorio en África, Asia, América Latina y el Pacífico

Julia Fröhlich, Daniel Däschle, Andrés Geerts, Sofie Jannusch

Aachen: Catholic Media Council (CAMECO) (2012), 19 pp.

"Este informe presenta los principales resultados de tres sondeos regionales sobre la participación en las radios locales y comunitarias en África, América Latina, Asia y el Pacífico. Los sondeos investigaron la participación de las respectivas comunidades en la programación, la gestión, la p ... more

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The Growing Pains of Community Radio in Africa: Emerging Lessons Towards Sustainability

Peter da Costa

Nordicom Review, volume 33, issue Special Issue (2012), pp. 135-148

"Community radio is considered as an intervention strategy of choice for deepening participation and community ownership. Donors have funded a proliferation of community radio projects in the Global South, prompted by stories attesting to the power of radio as a tool for social change. The evidence ... more

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The Dimitra Community Listeners' Clubs on the Move

Dimitra Newsletter, issue 22 (2012), pp. 3-10

"In Niger and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the rate at which listeners’ clubs are being formed and the fact that the approach is now being reproduced in various settings are indications of the success of this strategy and the extent to which it is proving sustainable. In South Kivu, for ... more

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The Wanakonnect Pilot Project: Using Mobile Money to Create a Revenue System for Local Radio Stations in Kenya

Angela Crandall, Leonida Mutuku

Arcata, Calif.; Washington, DC: Internews (2012), 66 pp.

"The community radio stations participating in the pilot project offer special dedication and greeting programs that allow community members to send greetings to friends and family on air. The main objective of this pilot was to understand whether these generally underfunded radio stations could mon ... more

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Annuaire des radios communautaires de la République Démocratique du Congo

Fédération des Radios de Proximité du Congo (FRPC) (2012), 367 pp.

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Truth in Search of a Voice

Alfred Esimatemi Opubor

Ibadan: University of Ibadan (2012), vii, 102 pp.

"This is a compilation of six publications or presentations of Professor Alfred Opubor spanning a period of eight years. They do not by any means amount to a significant percentage of his publications in those years; rather, they most clearly represent his position, argument and, thus, his contribut ... more

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Media Law Handbook for Southern Africa, Vol. 1

Justine Limpitlaw

Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2012), xxxvi, 395 pp.

"In this e-book we unpack the internationally-developed standards and best practise models of democratic media regulation. We look at universally-agreed norms for democratic media regulation generally, democratic broadcasting regulation and for imposing restrictions upon or otherwise regulating medi ... more

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Radio Mission: Station ELWA in West Africa

Timothy Stoneman

International Bulletin of Missionary Research, volume 36, issue 4 (2012), pp. 200-204

"The case study of Station ELWA [ = Eternal Love Wins Africa] from 1954 to 1970 exemplifies how conservative evangelical radio missions operated worldwide during the postwar period. Radio missionaries with Station ELWA demonstrated a capacity for creativity in communication, forming part of an histo ... more

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Human Rights Journalism: Advances in Reporting Distant Humanitarian Interventions

Ibrahim Seaga Shaw

Houndmills, Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2012), xvi, 281 pp.

"Shaw argues that journalism should focus on deconstructing the underlying structural and cultural causes of political violence such as poverty, famine and human trafficking, and play a proactive (preventative), rather than reactive (prescriptive) role in humanitarian intervention." (Publisher descr ... more

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Women and the Web: Bridging the Internet Gap and Creating New Global Opportunities in Low and Middle-Income Countries

Yana Watson Kakar, Vicky Hausman, Andria Thomas, Chris Denny-Brown

Santa Clara, Calif.; New York: Intel;Dalberg Global Development Advisors (2012), 100 pp.

"This report [is] the first compilation of the global data on how women in developing countries access and use the Internet. I am convinced this report provides key insights for policy makers, the development community and industry. Based on interviews and surveys of 2,200 women in developing countr ... more

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Raising Women’s Voices Through Radio Drama: Reflections from South Africa

Deborah Walter (ed.)

Johannesburg: People Opposing Women Abuse (POWA);Community Media for Development (CMFD) (2012), 12 pp.

"This case study is being produced to share the process, techniques, and lessons learned from "Zaphamban' izindlela!" radio drama both as way to document, as well as facilitate others working on women’s issues to undertake similar initiatives. The case study demonstrates how entertaining forms of ... more

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Film als Mittel der Befreiung und der Einheit Afrikas

Manthia Diawara

In: 50 Jahre afrikanische Un-Abhängigkeiten: eine (selbst)-kritische Bilanz

AfricAvenir International (ed.)

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2012), pp. 170-179

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African Media Barometer: Nigeria 2011

Windhoek; Lagos: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2012), 60 pp.

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Niger: Media and Telecom Landscape Guide

infoasaid (2012), 104 pp.

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Promoting National Unity: The Role of Radio Broadcasting in the Process of Decolonisation in Namibia and Zambia

Robert Heinze

Universität Konstanz, Doctoral Thesis (2012), iv, 313 pp.

"This thesis operates from the observation that "Decolonising the Mind", i.e. a cultural decolonisation process, was needed after the independence of African countries to support and flesh out political decolonisation. Culture, as shown, played a major role in the mobilisation of support for nationa ... list movements, but after independence nationalist culture was just one among many. In both cases presented here, the most pressing issue after political independence was how to deal with the different identities that had previously existed and were onyl partially cushioned by political and cultural nationalism. Now that the political kingdom had been attained, the different language, cultural and political groups started to ask questions about their place in this kingdom. Although many politicians shared the idea that "once you have a national identity, the question of culture becomes something which flows automatically", it soon turned out to be misguided. Media and education were seen to be the major tools in "decolonising the mind". However, a close analysis of the electronic media in the two cases presented here shows that the policies for promoting national unity in programmes were largely ineffective. Instead, radio programmes, both before and after independence, provided a space to negotiate issues of national identity. This space was sometimes more, sometimes less restricted, but listeners used it as much as they could. Colonial media had, for all their focus on political control and censorship, accompanied and mediated social change. As described, this happened specifically in cultural programmes, where broadcasters were much freer in their work. However, Northern Rhodesian media were supposed to work as a catalyst to further the process of modernisation, and to help its listeners come to terms with the transition from being 'traditional' to becoming 'modern' Africans. In the Apartheid broadcasting system, culture was used consciously to construct a specific 'ethnic' identity, emphasising cultural traditions of the different language groups. But while the intentions were different, both broadcasting institutions were at the centre of negotiating ideas of tradition and modernity. Both were also established because there was a need to legitimate the respective political system. Be it the Central African Federation or a 'democratic' "South West Africa/ Namibia", the political models promoted by the authorities could not just be imposed on the people. The radios were established to give reality to these constructs, to make listeners identify with a social, political and cultural space that had been defined by colonial authorities. As shown, colonial ideologies not only surfaced in obvious propaganda programmes but also significantly determined the technical and managerial setup of the stations. While radio infrastructure was formed and reformed to structure that space – by linking three territories with different political and social power structures or, following Apartheid ideology, by assigning each language group their own space according to the homeland system – culturally as well as geographically. As shown, infrastructure mirrored the proposed political models, not just in its technical aspects (i.e., the stations' footprints, transmitting posts and frequencies), but also in management structure. As the Federal Broadcasting Services were subdivided in European and African Services, respectively catering for the whole White or Black population of all three territories, the South West African Broadcasting Corporation separated first Black and White, then subdivided the three Departments in the several language Services, each broadcasting to the designated "homeland". This infrastructure not only formed the whole process of programme production and reception but was also part of it as it imparted ideological considerations. The first order of business for independent countries was therfore to restructure the radio according to the needs of the new nations." (Conclusion, page 274-275) more

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Country Case Study: South Sudan. Support to Media Where Media Freedoms and Rights Are Constrained

Kate Noble, Carol Morgan

London: BBC Media Action (2012), 20 pp.

Presenting the challenges in meeting the information needs of the people of South Sudan, this report highlights a need for long-term and harmonised efforts to support media.

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Community Radio and Cultural Citizenship: Reflections on Radio Islam and Democratic Citizenship in South Africa

Last Moyo

In: Community Radio in the Twenty-First Century

Janey Gordon (ed.)

Oxford; Bern; Berlin et al.: Peter Lang (2012), pp. 303-320

"This chapter examines how community radio in post-apartheid South Africa is playing an important role in the cultural citizenship of ethnic minorities. Using the case study of Radio Islam, a community radio station located in Johannesburg in South Africa, it explores how the radio station provides ... more

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Mapping EU Media Support 2000-2010

Andrew Puddephatt, Per Oesterlund

EPRD Policy & Development;European Commission (2012), 52 pp.

"Generally, data about media development support are not complete and reliable due to insufficient classification categories in the DAC system, so the EC and most other international institutions and organisations share the problem of not having solid knowledge about the scope and size of support in ... this field. This is also the case in the CRIS data base, which does not distinguish for example between public diplomacy and media support [...] As a consequence, the amounts and other figures in this report should not be taken as exact values. But the mapping does show some clear trends and tendencies despite the weakness ofthe basic data, and the main findings are: According to the information available in the CRIS data base and the definition of projects applied for this support, the total amount spent on media development and freedom of expression in the period 2000-2010 has been 148,4 Million Euro. More than half of the total amount has been spent in the neighbour countries East and South of the EU. More than 40 % has been spent in the Western Balkans, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Russia, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine and Turkey, while 12,5 % has been spent in the Middle East and North Africa. 24,3 % of the total funds have been spent in Sub-Saharan Africa. The EC support for media development and freedomof expression has been limited compared with the bilateral support from EU. Member States and other bilateral donors. For comparison the Swedish budget for media support from SIDA in 2012 is 26 Million Euro and DfiD supports the BBC Media Action with more than 20 Million Euro per year. The funding comes from a variety of thematic and geographic Instruments with the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights, EIDHR, as the single biggest source, which accounts for 41 % of the total support. Other significant Instruments are IPA, CARDS, ENPI and MED. The main focus has been on training of journalists and editors in journalistic skills and professional standards. Other initiatives have been support to reform of media related legislation and direct support to endangered journalists and writers. The projects supportedby the EC have not been different from projects funded by bilateral donors. Very few projects have benefitted from the potential comparative advantages of the EC/EU as a multinational entity. Very few projects have been designed and implemented in cooperation with member states or other donor agencies, and the projects do not reflect on-going internal medla developments in the EU. There seems to be more focus on EU visibility than on EU additionallity. The top ten contract holders have implemented 36 % of the total project value with BBC Media Action as the single biggest partner, which has implemented almost ten percent of the total project value in the period 2000-2010. lnternews (with lnternews Europe as the biggest entity) comes second with 4,6 % of the total project value followed by the International Federation of Journalists with 3,4 % of the project value. The EC is seen as a “difficult“ or “bureaucratic“ donor agency, which is difficult to approach for smaller organisations because the possible funding does not correspond with the paper work needed to apply for support." (Executive summary more

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The Palgrave Handbook of Global Radio

John Allen Hendricks (ed.)

Houndmills, Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2012), xxxiv, 590 pp.