"The Report is composed of four thematic parts. Part 1 describes the conceptual framework and relates the findings of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) 2012. In addition, Part 1 features selected expert contributions on the general theme of hyperconnectivity. Part 2 includes two case studies showi
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ng the efforts that two countries, Azerbaijan and Mauritius, are making to develop ICT and fully leverage their potential benefits. Part 3 comprises detailed profiles for the 142 economies covered in this year’s Report, providing a thorough picture of each economy’s current networked readiness landscape and allowing for international comparisons of specific variables or components of the NRI. Part 4 includes data tables for each of the 53 variables composing the NRI, with rankings for the economies covered as well as technical notes and sources for the quantitative variables used." (Executive summary, page xi)
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"This paper analyses how the French media perceive the advent of Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in the Sahel, and particularly in Niger. It shows that the French media are constructing Niger as a ‘grey area’, a dangerous place and a ‘failed state’ through a monolithic discourse rooted in
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French cultural and ideological presuppositions about Africa and Africans. I argue that the monolithic discourse of French media on the War on Terror in the Sahel is the result of similar educational trajectories, cultural backgrounds and positions shared by journalists within the field, which tend to produce similar patterns of thinking. The paper is based on a critical analysis of ‘representative’ articles written between 1 January 2008 and 30 September 2011 in three leading French newspapers. It uses a qualitative approach and takes place within the framework of media content analysis." (Abstract)
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"Traces China's media engagement in Africa since the 2000s, including a list of financed projects (pp. 13-15), and explains how strategies have changed. While the extension of hardware assistance continues to play an important role, China's media engagement in Africa started to diversify after the 2
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006 Beijing Summit. According to the author "China has begun to express its opinion on media practices to African media practitioners. For instance the Chinese government invited African journalists to learn about its development experience, including the development of Xinhua as an international news agency. The Third Workshop for African Journalists, under the supervision of FOCAC (Forum on China-Africa Cooperation), covered topics that included discussions on Chinese journalism. The result is clear in a country such as Equatorial Guinea, where qualified media professionals are divided into those journalists who were trained in Spain three decades ago, and the newer generation who are increasingly being trained in Cuba or China. Such media training introduces the Chinese media system, in addition to the usual education on media equipment and other types of hardware supplied by China. China-Africa media ties have therefore developed on the back of official ties." (Page 16)
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"Around the world, the press is struggling to find its place in today's changing information market. Skeptics foresee an imminent death if it fails to reform its means of production and dissemination, while optimists praise its capacity to resist the onslaught of other mass media. This article aims
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to contribute to an understanding of the economic issues that challenge the private press in Cameroon. Based on data covering the newspapers’ budgets, debts, print-runs, sales, applied salary scales and development strategies in a sometimes hostile political environment, this study aims to explore whether these newspapers are sufficiently organised to be viable economic entities." (Abstract)
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"The research objective of this article is to examine both the socio-economic contexts in which the media in French-speaking Africa are evolving and the financing methods of these media outlets, notably by focusing on the issues of advertising, state subsidies and unconventional funding methods. Thi
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s portrait of the African media from within an economic framework sets out to reveal features that may help explain the editorial content and growth difficulties of the media in French-speaking Africa." (Abstract)
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The major conclusion of this study is that there is enormous potential for media development in South Sudan because of the enthusiasm for and interest in news and information, even in the most remote villages. Local radio is a platform for political and cultural expression and a site for citizen par
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ticipation, empowerment, and social and political change. Radio is also relatively inexpensive to operate, to program and, for audiences, to receive. The Internews stations have been effective in providing an open forum for dialogue and debate at the local level, with access for members of government, civil society organizations and the public. The report follows on earlier research into the stations’ impact, 'Light in the Darkness'.
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"Starting in 2005, Internews built three humanitarian radio stations in Eastern Chad to help those fleeing the violence in Darfur to receive the critical news and information they needed to survive. Seven years after the first station went on air, Internews has left eastern Chad as funding to intern
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ational agencies has significantly reduced. Internews has spent the past year preparing the stations for independence, including establishing rent-free premises, community governing boards and marketing strategies. This report is a result of the work of of journalist Celeste Hicks and photographer Meredith Kohut who spent a month with the stations in July 2012 to document the past seven years – and what the future holds as these enormously popular stations strike out on their own." (Internews website)
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"This paper takes a critical look at the view that the Internet can serve as a laboratory of political experimentation for reconfiguring the repertories of political actions. The overall discourses on information and communications technology (ICT) are too often focused on technology and infrastruct
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ure, when the question of its use should be central. In order to comprehend how ICT can serve as a democratic enhancer, this paper critically examines the African anthropology of the state and of the public sphere. It captures the African endogenous productions of political modernity and the subsequent way ICT is appropriated and indigenized by African local instances. African states and civil societies do not fit into prescriptive Western paradigms. In order to encourage the effective use of new technologies, this paper has developed the so-called “African model of ICT practice”, which proposes a set of hypotheses that aim to enable the effective usage and integration of ICT within the democratic process in the context of an African self-defined political reality." (Abstract)
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"This book traces some of the key research conducted over a ten-year period by honours, MA and PhD students who have attended the CCMS Entertainment Education / communication for participatory development course from its inception in 2002, until 2011. There has been a marked shift in the paradigm gu
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iding this post-graduate course, which is explored in the introductory chapter. Innovative methodologies and indigenised theories are brought to bear through each research project, which include conceptually integrated, paradigm-specific graduate work. It keeps abreast of current debates, contributes to international conferences and peer-reviewed publications and assists CCMS in retaining a comparative world benchmark. Much of the work included in this collection reflects the Freireian derived experientialist pedagogy of CCMS, where students take responsibility for developing their own research directions within specific research programmes. There is a strong emphasis in this collected work on media, social justice, and human rights issues, especially relating to historically disadvantaged communities. The book includes two primary research foci: development communication and public health communication. Development communication invokes new ways of harnessing media and localised cultural frames in promoting development strategies, health promotion, private-public partnerships and community development. Public health communication in the context of this work involves applying the emergent field of Education Entertainment via a framework of communication for social and behavioural change. In order to provide a wide range of examples of research approaches and topics, we have included edited, shortened versions of 35 research papers." (Pages xix-xx)
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"One of the ways by which religious rituals communicate in African society is by maintaining cohesion in the culture. They connect participants to richer meanings and larger forces of their community. Even in representational models, rituals create solidarity in the form of subjective experiences of
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sharing the same meaningful world which is attained by participants through the condensed nature of symbols used therein. Traditional religion is one ritual that despite the influence of westernization and scientific developments in Africa, still holds meaningful implications in people’s everyday life. Thus, from day break to evening, people have religious rituals with which they communicate with their God or gods, deities and ancestors. Also from weeks to seasons, months to years, there are festivals and rituals both in private and in public situations which the African still celebrate in connection with the ‘living dead’ or those in the ‘spirit world’. This paper by means of nuanced textual analysis of some Nigerian home based films: Things Fall Apart (1986), Igodo: The Land of the Living Dead (1999), Sango, (1998), Festival of Fire, (1999), Bless Me, (2005) traces religion to the root paradigm of African cultures as a channel to the construction of African identity." (Abstract)
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"Bongo Flava is a Tanzanian category of contemporary urban youth music related to four simultaneous developments: democratization, privatization, globalization and media digitalization. Stylistically, it comprises Hiphop and R&B as well as other styles which have been appropriated by local artists w
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ho rap or sing mostly in Swahili. This article explores this cultural phenomenon in the context of social upward mobility. From its very beginning, Bongo Flava has been regarded as a mouthpiece for the youth and the ordinary people. At the same time it has always been seen as a means to escape poverty and to achieve a better life. The narrative of the meteoric rise is derived from American Hip Hop imagination, as well as from local success stories. However, there are many players in the field of Bongo Flava with whom the aspiring artists have to cope. These include studios, producers, distributors, radio presenters, the press, the audience etc., but also their fellow artists from other crews and formations. This article looks at the social side of Bongo Flava, the bonds that are built, developed, or, eventually, broken up, as well as larger networks that exist between the artists and other players in the field, and the ways the artists use them for their goal of making their way up. It also examines how the artists cope with difficulties such as corruption, jealousy and greed in their social lives. It is argued that the experience acquired in the field of Bongo Flava can be seen as a form of capital that can be employed for other purposes too. This includes experiences with studios, the media, as well as stage experience and selfpromotion. However, it is also shown that gatekeepers in the radio and TV have a strong influence on artists' success, often disadvantaging the career path of independent artists, at least those with little financial resources. The study is based on field research in Tanzania from 2001 to 2011." (Abstract)
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"The book is particularly commendable for providing a one-stop for relevant sections of media laws and for providing essential legal tips including explanations of various legal terms. Its treatment of ethical issues in media practice is a plus. The book strikes a commendable balance of Law and Ethi
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cs in its structure, devoting four chapters to each of these two areas." (Foreword, page 2)
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"While the scholarship on communication theory has evolved over many years in Africa it is still work in progress. This discourse has been anchored in society's cultural milieu. The import of this is that the debate has evolved without incorporating the realities of Africa. Consequently, theories of
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communication and of the mass media are an ill fit on the continent. As communication scholarship in Africa matures, it requires examining how the realities of the continent can contribute to the development of a theory that best matches this environment. Some of these realities include the evolution of African governance, its culture, and the progression of communication as a discipline. While this article does not make the leap to propose what such a theory would look like, it seeks to raise some of these realities as a starting point for further discussion." (Abstract)
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"This publication updates a 2005 review of communication in Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS). It includes four country case studies (Ghana, Tanzania, Moldova, and Nepal) and a regional analysis of Latin America and the Caribbean. It explores how the use of strategic communication has expanded beyo
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nd the PRS and is now being integrated into national development planning and implementation. Many of these strategies are shifting their focus from a “dissemination and publicity strategy” to a“communication program” that emphasizes information intervention beyond the traditional campaign, workshop or seminars. Compared with the 2005 review, the main difference is the institutionalization of communication, moving beyond the one-time experience for the first set of PRSs to broader, deeper sustained communication in support of poverty reduction and national development strategies. A second major difference is expanding beyond communication and participation in PRS formulation to PRS implementation, monitoring, and evaluation." (Executive summary)
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"Applying research into assessments of community theatre, epidemiology, and young people's shared and private stories using a wide range of methodologies, this book explores the potential efficacy of community theatre to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania with reference to several other comp
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arable sites in Africa." (Publisher description)
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