"The South African community station movement, consisting now of around 100 such stations, situates itself explicitly in the international tradition of alternative, grassroots and (in some cases) radical media. The stations aspire - and are mandated to - cater for poor and marginalised communities,
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often left out of the information mainstream. Created as part of the democratisation process of the mid-1990s, the establishment of the sector represents a conscious attempt to broaden the Habermasian public sphere in South Africa, to improve opportunities for marginalised communities to participate in public discussion, and to build local identities in a range of ways. This article describes the way these stations are meeting their mandate in one area, news broadcasting, where they set out to cover events of particular interest to their communities. It presents a detailed analysis of the extent to which their news bullteins cover local stories, are generated by the stations themselves and use audio material. It also looks at staffing and resourcing, organisational challenges and values. On the basis of empirical research conducted at some 13 radio stations in and around Johannesburg, using methods that include content analysis, interview and observation, the findings indicate that community stations are generally failing to meet their mandate in the critical area of providing original, local news." (Abstract)
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"This chapter focuses on the work practices of newspaper journalists in Zimbabwe and explores the role that the Internet plays in their information gathering and relationship with sources." (Page 57)
"Kritischer Journalismus kann in Gemeinschaftsmedien die zivile Gesellschaft stärken. Voraussetzung dafür wären jedoch ausreichende finanzielle Ressourcen und ein unbestechliches journalistisches Rollenverständnis. Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der lokalen Radiostation Arise FM in Ghana." (Einleitun
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g)
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"The study found that, in their struggle to generate the income for day-to-day running costs, stations become detached from their communities, and end up competing - usually unsuccessfully - with better-resourced commercial broadcasters. The solution, the study suggests, is to invest in strengthenin
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g community participation, rather than diluting this vital ingredient in a bid to save money, as has tended to be the case, particularly when donor funding dries up." (fesmedia website)
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"Women on the air are usually viewed through a traditional model - in the context of their relationship to their husbands or children – and not as individual beings with a broad range of interests and needs. As a result, radio does not currently meet the needs of women, and women do not participat
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e as much as they would normally otherwise be willing to do. For the latest generation of young women, it has become easier to overcome traditional cultural obstacles as well as to embrace the newest technologies that allow them access to a public platform. However it is still difficult to get ordinary women – of all ages – to come and talk on the radio about their experiences, opinions and interests. This will not change without an increase in women radio presenters and contributors – more women's voices need to be broadcast, and outside of the stereotypical contexts, to encourage greater female ownership in community radio." (Executive summary)
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"Community radio is well recognized as a powerful vehicle for advocacy and social change in Africa, but its use in the field of climate change has remained very limited, and then largely for top-down transmission of information to communities. This article discusses lessons learned to date from the
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Climate Airwaves, an initiative aimed at developing new approaches for supporting community radio broadcasters to investigate, communicate, and engage in broader debates on the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities in Ghana. It also discusses in depth the central role that action research aimed at effecting social change plays in this particular initiative, and in climate justice initiatives more broadly. Lessons learned to date have highlighted the challenges of addressing complexity and uncertainty appropriately, the importance of framing climate change in the context of rights and responsibilities, the role of sustainable partnership models, and how this work can contribute to broadcasters‘ and communities‘ longer-term visions of change." (Abstract)
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"The Department of Communications (“DoC”) Community Radio Support Programme (“CRSP”) was initiated in 1998 and includes a range of categories of support: Infrastructure rollout to provide technical equipment to stations; Signal distribution and upgrade; Programme production support on specif
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ic areas capacity building and training; and Satellite network infrastructure support. The CRSP project has played an important role in assisting in the growth and sustainability of the community radio sector since its inception. It has helped stations to get on air by installing studios in stations and increased their sustainability through subsidising signal distribution costs, giving support for programming and providing training (both workshops organised by the DoC and through support for the National Electronic Media Institute of South Africa (“Nemisa”). The CRSP was launched before the establishment of other public entities focused on supporting the sector such as the Universal Service and Access Agency of South Africa (“USAASA”), and the Media Development and Diversity Agency (“MDDA”), and therefore filled an important gap in assisting communities to exercise their rights to own their own media." (Executive summary, page 7)
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"This article focuses on a comparative analysis of community radio realities in two Lusophone African countries: Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, whose local ield research refers to 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009, respectively. It focuses on the tense relationship between political power and community radio
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s through theoretical reviewing of two emerging concepts: “Communication for Development” and “Glocalization”. A comprehensive ground-breaking study, it aims at determining what role these media can play so as to build challenging and participative citizenship. It exposes the dangers threatening the sustainability of these tools of empowerment, on being deprived of viable institutional frameworks. The main objective is to identify similarities and differences, to discuss resulting issues and to investigate the feasibility of unifying criteria, formats and deinitions." (Abstract)
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"In Kibera, the biggest slum area in Nairobi and in whole East Africa, the urban slum community radio station Pamoja FM only works for the citizens living within Kibera. We aimed to find out how the youth in Kibera perceive the efficacy of the radio station as a viable source of news and information
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. We wanted to establish how important this radio station is to them as a tool of empowerment and knowledge to the youth. Through semi-structured interviews with the youth in Kibera we carried out a qualitative research study during ten weeks, from October until December in 2011. We walked the field in Kibera to gather as much data as possible, and our findings were very interesting. Key theories used in this study included the participatory communication model, the media dependency model and the uses and gratifications model. The findings indicated that Pamoja FM has a great influence in the community as it is considered the most important source for news and information for the youth in this slum, and provides a platform that meets their needs as active participating audiences to the content supplied by the radio station. The radio is accredited to have changed the citizens´ way of thinking about tribalism since the post-election violence in 2007; the young women have assertively declared their space by playing a more proactive role in the community and audiences are empowered with home-grown problem solving skills that have bettered their lives and in pursuit for peace." (Abstract)
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"Nigeria hat eine lange Lese- und Literaturtradition und kann sich mit mehreren renommierten Schriftstellern schmücken. Trotzdem werden im Land selbst kaum Bücher von einheimischen Autoren herausgegeben. Der Verlag Cassava Republic will das ändern. Das ist nicht leicht, aber die Verleger lassen s
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ich von den Hindernissen nicht abschrecken." (Einleitung)
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"This publication is particularly relevant for radio stations intending to establish listeners' clubs. It presents the experience of community listeners' clubs established in the mid-2000s in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Niger by the FAO and its partners, and the results that these initiativ
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es produced. It shows that listeners' clubs proved to be an effective means for isolated rural communities to access information and engage in participatory communication. The clubs especially enabled women to assume a pro-active role in the development of their community and to receive recognition for doing so. The last chapter of the publication presents guidelines for creating and maintaining community listeners' clubs, and the main success factors to be considered." (CAMECO Update 1-2012)
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"This study investigates the role of the diaspora online media as stakeholders in the transnational Ethiopian media landscape. Through content analysis of selected websites and interviews with editors, the research discusses how the sites relate to recognized journalistic ideals and how the editors
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view themselves in regard to journalistic professionalism. It is argued that the journalistic ideals of the diaspora media must be understood towards the particular political conditions in homeland Ethiopia. Highly politicized, the diaspora websites display a marked critical attitude towards the Ethiopian government through an activist journalism approach. The editors differ slightly among themselves in the perception of whether activist journalism is in conflict with ideal-type professional norms, but they justify the practice either because of the less than ideal conditions back home or because they maintain that the combination of activism and professionalism is a forward-looking journalism ideology. The online initiatives of the Ethiopian diaspora are found to prolong media contestations in the homeland as well as reinforcing an ideal-type professional journalism paradigm." (Abstract)
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"Linked by mobile telephony and supported by geographical information systems, civil society networks now have unprecedented opportunities to develop security-monitoring programs, provide information needed for effective health care, create banking services, and provide farmers with market informati
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on. Remarkably innovative uses of mobile communications, often paired with radio broadcasting, have created entirely new types of institutions that promote transparency, accountability, and security. These evolving institutions are often organic to Africa and pegged to the immediate needs of the communities they serve. Technology innovation centers, created and staffed by African engineers and technicians, are leading the way in developing solutions to longstanding problems. Mobile phones are now irrevocable features of African life, and high-speed Internet connectivity soon will be too. While the new information technologies can, at times, be used for less positive purposes, including crime and politically motivated violence, on the whole they are enhancing human security and sustainable economic development across the continent. As with all technology, on their own they are politically neutral. The key to realizing the positive potential in new technologies in Africa is found in focusing on the human motivations behind them. Policy initiatives, therefore, should focus on encouraging the development of applications that aim to improve human security, accountability, and transparency." (Executive summary)
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