"In the last few years, Russia has become an important player in the international internet governance debate, pushing for a governance model that is state-centric, hierarchical and based on the inviolability of state sovereignty. Russia has not only articulated an alternative model at forums like t
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he World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT), it has formed alliances with states such as China and Saudi Arabia, who share its vision. Russia’s views on internet governance stem from security concerns about the potential of independent information to harm its state and society, as well as from a normative aversion to what it views as US domination of internet governance. Russia favours the UN and particularly ITU as the organisation best suited for ultimately settling questions of governance." (Summary, page 6)
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"Since the late 1990s South Korea has emerged as a new center for the production of transnational popular culture – the first instance of a major global circulation of Korean popular culture in history. Why popular (or not)? Why now? What does it mean socially, culturally and politically in a glob
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al context? This edited collection considers the Korean Wave in a global digital age and addresses the social, cultural and political implications in their complexity and paradox within the contexts of global inequalities and uneven power structures. The emerging consequences at multiple levels – both macro structures and micro processes that influence media production, distribution, representation and consumption – deserve to be analyzed and explored fully in an increasingly global media environment. This book argues for the Korean Wave’s double capacity in the creation of new and complex spaces of identity that are both enabling and disabling cultural diversity in a digital cosmopolitan world." (Publisher description)
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"This book captures a snapshot of the contemporary role of online journalism in rapidly evolving post-Soviet, post-Colour Revolution political environments, exploring the wider journalistic and political context alongside the use and influence of online news sites. In particular, it aims to fill a g
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ap in the literature by undertaking qualitative work in the post-Colour Revolution nations which seeks to assess the views of active journalists on the role of online political journalism in those environments." (Publisher description)
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"The case of BiH demonstrates that media reform is a slow, time-consuming process, which is closely related to the consolidation of democratic institutions that foster free media. The four case studies presented here amply demonstrate a deep tension between externally-driven reform initiatives and t
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he democratization agenda on one hand, and the complex set of contextual challenges to the reforms on the other. Our findings support Mcloughlin and Scott who claim that media reforms "can only produce results at the same pace as democratic evolution in a given country, and should be integrated into broader democratic governance reform." (Conclusion, page 57)
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"Namibia gehört heute zu den beliebtesten Fernreisezielen der Deutschen - vielleicht auch deshalb, weil es einst als "Deutsch-Südwestafrika" Kolonie war. Die Erfahrung von Tourismus und Globalisierung rückte in den vergangenen Jahren den europäischen Kolonialismus, der auch die deutsche Geschich
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te weit stärker als gemeinhin angenommen prägte, ins allgemeine Bewusstsein. Das Buch legt eine Bilanz der Spurensuche nach Erinnerungsorten der oft unrühmlichen deutschen Kolonialgeschichte vor. In 30 leicht verständlich geschriebenen Einzelbeiträgen präsentiert es Personen, Institutionen, Ereignisse und Vorstellungswelten. Albert Schweitzers Hospital Lambaréné, Hagenbecks Tierpark und die "Hunnenrede" Kaiser Wilhelms II. zählen hierzu ebenso wie der Berg Kilimandscharo, den der Deutsche Hans Meyer als erster Europäer bestieg, Bernhard Grzimeks Film "Serengeti darf nicht sterben" oder der "Sarotti-Mohr". (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Religious broadcasting represents one of the basic elements of the public service broadcasting (broadcasting for the public benefit). It serves various public needs and purposes - according to the ritual model of communication it serves the intermediary function (it allows to participate in the lit
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urgy at the actual time for that part of the audience, which is unable to visit the actual place), according to the transmission model and reception model of communication in particular, it fulfils the educative function by spreading the common Christian values, creates the space for dialogue inside the Church and between the Church and the world. But above all, the main purpose of religious broadcasting is evangelization and bringing the spirit of gospel into the life of the audience. Each of these aspects of religious broadcasting has a specific audience; therefore the forms of addressing it should be different as well. At least, it requires the cooperation between the broadcaster and relevant church authorities. However, the problem lies in the fact that even in countries with a long tradition of religious broadcasting as a component of public service, the legislation does not specify the role of the broadcaster – should it provide broadcasting space only or should it actively intervene in the broadcasting? Is it allowed to do so according to the documents of the Church? Would it be possible to make the religious acts more appropriate for broadcasting by the use of elements such as a preferred style for the religious texts or special camera angles for liturgical acts in TV transmissions? There are many unanswered questions yet, and the answers to these questions can be found neither in the legislation, which the broadcaster follows, nor in religious documents." (Abstract)
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"The paper aims to address some of the theoretical and normative issues involved in transforming post-authoritarian media systems, which have been described and analysed in the country studies of this working paper series. The discussion starts by introducing the concept of ‘social constructivism
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as an effective theoretical tool to understand processes of institutional change in processes of democratic transition. Two key elements of media systems serve as examples to demonstrate the ‘social construction’ of norms and practices in different social and political contexts: partisanship and pluralism. While partisanship is seen as a deficiency of media systems, albeit widely practiced, pluralism is valued as an indispensible norm of democratic media, yet difficult to achieve." (Introduction)
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"The present study is part of a complex research of media language to spread religious messages. It deals with the nature of the communication channel of the mass-media. It is based on the qulitative research carried out especially by means of the methods of focus groups and Delphi Techniques. Start
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ing with the key issue of the function of journalism, the study gradually investigates the attributes of the media communication channels according to their approach towards religious topics. Based on this criterion, the research divides media into two groups: secular and religious media. The study carefully investigates their internal motivation, commerciality, democratic nature and publicity, agenda setting and capacity to change people. (Abstract)
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"The advent of digital television has accelerated the elaboration of regulation and related processes in the countries of the region. Some countries adopted changes in their broadcasting statutes (Ukraine in 2006; Armenia in 2008 and 2010; Kazakhstan in 2012) or their mass media statute (Russia in 2
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011). One country laid the foundations for the switchover in a presidential decree (Uzbekistan in 2012), while the rest have opted for governmental ordinances and executive orders. Some changes made in the process go beyond merely adjusting the legal framework to digital technology." (Conclusion)
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"Almost 300 news channels are currently available in Europe, of which more than 170 are established in the European Union. Private channels dominate the national TV news landscape with more than 80% owned by private companies. The pan-European channels with the widest distribution in Europe are CNN
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International, BBC World News, Al Jazeera (English), Euronews (English) and RT (Russia Today). The number of news channels available over free DTT channels has increased to 43, compared to 16 four years ago." (Website European Audiovisual Observatory)
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"Die Werbekunden erwarten von den Vermarktern Nachweise über die Wirkung der gebuchten Werbeflächen und Werbezeiten. Neben dem Return on Investment (ROI), der angibt, welcher Anteil der Werbeausgaben über den Mehrumsatz des beworbenen Produktes zurückgespielt wurde, gibt es eine Vielzahl weitere
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r, kognitiver KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). Hierzu zählen die Werbeerinnerung, die Markenbekanntheit, die Markensympathie, die Markenpräferenz sowie in der Regel ein Indikator, welcher angibt, ob die Kampagne eine Aktivität beim potenziellen Kunden hervorgerufen hat. Die Veränderungen der Anteilswerte dieser KPIs durch Werbung werden meistens über Befragungen ermittelt. Für den vorliegenden Beitrag wurden die seit 2007 mit Hilfe eines Tracking-Verfahrens gewonnenen Daten zu Veränderungen in den genannten KPIs analysiert. Alle seither mit dem AS&S Multi-Tracking beobachteten Radiokampagnen wurden gemeinsam ausgewertet, um hieraus gegebenenfalls zu verallgemeinerbaren Erkenntnissen zu gelangen. Insgesamt wurden mit dem Tool Multi-Tracking seit 2007 97 Kampagnen erfasst (Radio-Monokampagnen und Mixkampagnen mit Radio, TV oder Zeitschriften). Drei Kommunikationsziele wurden zur Überprüfung der Wirkung herangezogen: Markenbekanntheit, Markensympathie und Aktivierung. Es zeigte sich: Radiowerbung erfüllt alle Kommunikationsziele, jedoch in Abhängigkeit von den realisierten Kontakten. Die Wirkungskurven verlaufen für Radio zumindest im unteren Kontaktbereich weitgehend linear. Die besondere Stärke der Radiowerbung liegt in der Schaffung von Markenbekanntheit und der Penetrierung des Markennamens. Je anspruchsvoller das Kommunikationsziel, desto mehr Kontakte werden benötigt. Eine gute Spotkreation begünstigt die Werbewirkung, holt mehr aus dem einzelnen Kontakt heraus und reduziert so die Zahl der benötigten Kontakte. Im Mix wirken Radio und TV vergleichbar stark. Die größten Wirkungsbeiträge werden von gemeinsamen Kontakten von Radio und TV generiert. Unabhängig von den TV-Kontakten verstärkt Radio mit jedem zusätzlichen Kontakt die Wirkungsleistung der Kampagne." (Abstract)
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"Is it possible to introduce, in a sustainable manner, investigative reporting practices and non-profit centers into media contexts that lack the basic preconditions necessary for the development of investigative reporting? The answer seems rather multifaceted and far from obvious or definite. For e
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xample, the effects of investigative journalism training programs and assistance for story production are questionable. The direct results of the numerous donor projects and programs aimed at improving the skills and knowledge of local journalists and the media about high-quality journalism are not readily apparent as the participants of such programs have had to return to media outlets that lack the basic resources to put the skills and knowledge they gained into practice. However, the potential cumulative impact of such initiatives should not be dismissed, as knowledge and skills spread through newsrooms, NGOs, and journalism schools. The long-term impact of such efforts remains a worthy subject for future studies, though it goes beyond the ambitions of this research. Similarly, the effects of the assistance towards the production of investigative content by media and individuals are unclear as the practice rarely continues beyond donor support due to unsupportive newsrooms and lack of funding. When looking into the effects of the two non-profit investigative reporting centers that were the focus of this paper, the situation becomes much clearer. Namely, both centers have a regular output of high-quality stories, featured in the media of their countries and have achieved some significant impact with their stories. It is safe to say that CIN and CINS are functional media organizations, which fulfill a need in media markets with a serious lack of professional investigative reporting and a lack of independent media." (Final remarks, page 49)
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"Overall, international media assistance has been very important in shaping the current media landscape, though it has by no means been the decisive factor. The complete legal reform in the media and establishment of its main institutions has seen the continuous involvement of international actors.
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International assistance has also been crucial in introducing new principles of journalism with the change of regime, and in improving professional level of journalists. Although self-regulatory bodies have not materialized yet, the professional debate on ethics has become significant part of the profession. Media assistance efforts have been less successful in terms of supporting member-based organizations, hindered by the lack of tradition in this field. Finally, although strengthening the notions of professional journalism has been the main focus of international support, Albanian journalism has ample room for improvement." (Concluding remarks, page 54)
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"Libraries, telecenters, and cybercafés play a critical role in extending the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to a diverse range of people worldwide. However, their ability to contribute to development agendas has come into question in recent times. The Global Impact S
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tudy was designed to address this debate by generating evidence about the scale, character, and impacts of public access ICTs in eight countries: Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Lithuania, the Philippines, and South Africa. This report summarizes the study’s key findings, situating public access in the context of national development, discussing some disputed issues, and providing recommendations for policymakers, public access practitioners and researchers. The results show that a central impact of public access is the promotion of digital inclusion through technology access, information access, and development of ICT skills. Both users and non-users report positive impacts in various social and economic areas of their lives." (Abstract)
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