"For some users the current Internet epoch can be considered the Internet of Hate which poses serious human rights concerns. Reflecting the scale and seriousness of the problem, innovations in governance tools for online hate have been initiated by national governments, intergovernmental organisatio
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ns and Internet intermediaries across Europe in past years. This study maps, explains and critically evaluates these emerging innovations covering three levels: moderation, oversight, and regulatory level. It reviews whether and how these innovations deliver a victim sensitive approach; uphold human rights including freedom of expression and prohibition of discrimination; and fulfil goals, aims, values and expectations of governmental agencies, Internet platforms, civil society organisations and the general public when it comes to the governance of online hate speech. The study identifies 30 indicators that could assess the success or progress of different governance tools for online hate speech and makes many practical recommendations covering ten key areas." (Back cover)
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"This report [...] presents a bespoke analysis of how women around the world consume and perceive news, based on data on audience behaviour from 11 countries featured in the 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report: Kenya, South Africa, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Finland, Germa
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ny, United Kingdom, and United States. We have selected these 11 to represent as wide a geographical base as possible, and cover some of the richest and poorest countries in the report [...] As the country profiles show, a growing set of women-led protest movements against femicide, sexual assault, and online harassment around the world have created a new debate around how the news portrays women, and new conversations about who is in the newsroom deciding the agenda and framing the news. While news reporting has sometimes played an important role in these debates, it is also clear that many of them are driven by feminists who use social media as activist tools to speak out and organise against sexism and misogyny, sometimes in the news media too [...] Key Findings: Men are more likely than women to say that they are ‘extremely’ or ‘very’ interested in political news across all markets; Women are more likely than men to express high levels of interest in news about health and education; Women are more likely than men to report that they use TV news programmes or bulletins; Facebook is still an important source of news for both men and women, but YouTube and Twitter are more popular with men; Women will talk about news face to face with friends and family more than men. They are less likely to comment on news on news websites or on social media; Women’s levels of trust in news, and concern over ‘fake news’ online, are broadly similar to men’s." (https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk)
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"Die Studie basiert auf 21.929 Beiträgen, von denen mithilfe einer geschichteten Stichprobe 4.164 in die Analyse einbezogen, ausgewertet und mit Korrespondenten-Interviews kombiniert wurden. Sie beleuchtet die Auswahlkriterien und Mechanismen der Berichterstattung zu Lateinamerika und füllte eine
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Forschungslücke zu einem Thema, das außenpolitisch extrem relevant ist. Das Buch betrachtet Themen und Merkmale des Mediendiskurses in kombinierter Form, stellt Länderprofile dar und sucht nach theoretischen Erklärungen für die Bildkonstruktionen. Die Studie kommt zum Ergebnis, dass es das Lateinamerikabild in der deutschen Presse nicht gibt, sondern sich eine Perzeption nach Ländern und Landesgruppen ausdifferenziert lässt." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"The European Union (EU) recently passed the General Data Protection Regulation-a sweeping regulatory framework that sets a new global standard for the collection, storage, and use of personal data. To ensure far-reaching compliance with the GDPR, the EU has adopted a strict take-it-or-leave-it appr
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oachcountries that wish to engage with digital users in the EU must either comply with the GDPR's expansive data obligations or risk losing access to the world's largest trading block. This presents significant obstacles for several African nations. Notably, no African country currently has domestic laws that comply with the GDPR. Even if they did, several African countries lack stable judicial branches to enforce such laws, and many do not have the technological infrastructures or expertise to ensure ongoing compliance. Additionally, the GDPR's extraterritoriale ffects may amount to data imperialism, allowing the EU to impose its own definition of data privacy on African countries without concern for their unique social values and economic realities. This Note analyzes how the GDPR negatively impacts several African countries, as well as the difficulties in solving these economic and social problems. Although there are no easy solutions for these complex issues, this Note recommends that African countries adopt data privacy legislation at the regional level, create regional enforcement authorities, and invest in technological infrastructure and training." (Abstract)
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"Digitale Kanäle wie Youtube, Facebook oder Instagram, Künstliche Intelligenz, Fake-News-Vorwürfe und zunehmend fragmentierte Publikumsinteressen haben das Format Nachricht ebenso verändert wie das journalistische Handwerk und die Nachrichtenrezeption. Was bedeutet dieser grundlegende Wandel fü
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r Medienschaffende, Redaktionen, Sender und Verlage? Wie verändern Daten und Algorithmen journalistisches Arbeiten im Newsroom und mit welchen neuen Angeboten und Darstellungsformen wird experimentiert? Und was tun Redaktionen gegen Vertrauensverluste, Desinformation und Hass-Kommentare? Expertinnen und Experten aus Wissenschaft und Praxis analysieren in diesem Band den Wandel des Nachrichtenjournalismus." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Offering a collection of invited contributions from scholars across the world, the volume is structured in seven parts, each exploring a particular aspect of local media and journalism that provide the framework to bring together and consolidate the latest research and theorisations from the field,
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and fresh understandings of local media from a comparative perspective and within a global context. Addressing the significant changes local media and journalism has undergone in the last decade, the companion explores the history, politics, ethics and contents of local media, as well as delving deeper into the business and practices that affect not only the journalists and media-makers involved, but consumers as well. For students and researchers in the fields of journalism studies, journalism education, cultural studies and media and communications programmes, this is the comprehensive guide to local media and journalism." (Publisher description)
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"This paper analyses to whom Spanish journalists feel responsible. To achieve this objective, we sent out a survey to Spanish journalists to ascertain their opinion on this question. The journalists’ point of view was then compared with that of the general public though six focus groups consisting
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of Spanish citizens from six cities in Spain (Barcelona, Castellón, Madrid, Sevilla, Mondragón and Santiago de Compostela). Lastly, five in-depth interviews were conducted with journalism experts (e.g., directors of professional journalist associations). The main results show that the journalists feel particularly responsible to their conscience, the journalism code of ethics and their sources. The citizens, in contrast, believe that journalists should be responsible to the audience. We contextualised the Spanish finding in the European context by comparing our results with those derived from a study among European journalists." (Abstract)
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"This book presents the main findings of an empirical exploration of media discourses on social representations of "otherness" in seven European countries. It focuses on the analysis of press discourses produced over a fifteen-year period (2000-2015) on three contemporary figures of otherness that c
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hallenge the identity of European societies, question the attitudes towards diversity, and pose significant challenges for policy-makers: immigration, Islam, and LGBT. The book provides a comprehensive and articulate map of how national media addresses such themes from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, revealing patterns of continuity and discontinuity across time and space. Lastly, it discusses these patterns in the light of their cultural meanings and their influence on social and political collective behaviours." (Publisher description)
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"Speaking of trust in the Catholic Church necessarily leads to talking about the management of the crisis of clerical sexual abuse by its leaders. The focus is on managing responsibility and information, with case studies by Paulina Guzik and Patrick O'Brien. The first deals with the case of Poland,
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emphasizing the need for accountability and suggesting five actions to regain trust. O'Brien offers a map of the management of abuses in the 197 dioceses of the United States, and points to transparency in communication and government as a key to regaining trust. As you will read in these pages, neither the communicator nor the communication serves to mask a negative reality. The institution must justify its existence only if it is a good for society, even if it makes mistakes. This question is approached from a theological point of view: Is it still possible to trust the Church? To answer this question, Marco Vanzini highlights the tensions that characterize and define the identity of the Church: such as her divine origin and her human composition, or the inner coexistence of holiness and sin, among others. On the other hand, Gabriel Magalhães, taking a cue from passages of sacred and universal literature, invites reflection on the contrast between human and divine justice, highlighting the excessive and almost ‘scandalous’ nature of divine mercy. Faced with the reality of a certain human solidarity in evil, he explores the need for collective guilt and forgiveness as a common horizon that allows trust to be recovered at the social level.
It is precisely ‘the Church communicator’ on whom the article by Professors Gil and Gili puts the focus. His role as spokesman for an institution and bearer of a message gives him great responsibility. The credibility that he demands and needs, the authors maintain, depends to a great extent on his human and professional virtues. Creative fidelity, reliable transmission of an ideal and embodiment of the values he communicates are expected from him. Internal communication in organizations, with the transformation of the channels through which trust travels – more horizontal and collaborative than vertical and hierarchical (Botsman Citation2017) – represents a challenge for those who govern the organization. Receiving trust from the leadership in turn generates confidence in the workers. To put these ‘spirals of trust’ into action, Gara and La Porte analyze one of the most important moments in the relationship between an employee and an organization: recruitment. Trust, they say, must be considered one of the great strategic tools of the Human Resources department.
In the legal field, Moreno and Díaz show with a case study the ‘legal defense of corporate reputation’, where law and communication work in a complementary way. In recent years, especially with the digital revolution, new fields of interaction have opened up with their own followers, as well as new spaces for vulnerability (e.g. privacy, personal data, copyright…). In this context of the Internet, the authors present the crisis of reputation of an NGO linked to the Church and show how law and communication are two strategic tools of the organizations destined to collaborate. Looking at trust management in the public sector is a necessary source of inspiration for an institution like the Church. María José Canel conducts the academic interview with Steven Van de Walle on trust in public administration. He deals with a wide range of topics: from the ways of measuring trust and its typologies, to the influence of emotions on the inspiration of trust. The interview offers some comparative considerations between some other institutions, such as NGOs, and the Church. It also includes a final reflection on the new scenario created by COVID-19, which is testing citizens’ trust in the state and the health system.
In the public sphere, the management of vulnerability takes on a particular nuance in the case of high reliability organizations, entities that by their nature must avoid errors at all costs (Lekka Citation2011). Sanders takes the criteria of the HROs as her model to measure the trust that the British government has earned (or lost) with its public communication during the pandemic generated by the COVID-19, a situation that has tested the strength of social relations – especially trust toward public services – and that will merit another special issue of this journal." (Editorial: Contents of the special issue, pages 295-296)
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"Proposal 1: Bring democracy support and protection to the core of EU external action and implement this strategic priority in EU foreign relations with Africa (and worldwide). Proposal 2: Develop a new narrative and more strategic approach to democracy support in a geopolitical context where democr
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acy is increasingly being undermined from within in (former) democratic countries and challenged from the outside by powerful authoritarian regimes. Proposal 3: Address the impacts of demographic change, urbanisation, digitalisation and climate change on political regimes through EU democracy support. Proposal 4: Invest more in intermediary organisations (media, parties, CSOs, trade unions, business councils) and in the democratic accountability of sectoral policies. Proposal 5: Intensify support for civic education and launch new initiatives to strengthen transnational relations between African and European societies. Proposal 6: Engage more strategically in contexts where authoritarian regimes suddenly open up or where electoral autocracies gradually close political spaces. Proposal 7: Continue and deepen cooperation with African regional organisations and put more emphasis on joint learning and practices for defending democracy. Proposal 8: Create a different institutional set-up that allows the EU to engage more strategically in democratic reforms. Proposal 9: Increase the capacities of the European External Action Service (EEAS) and the Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DEVCO) to work on democracy support. Proposal 10: Develop a joint European approach towards democracy support that is sustained by all European countries." (Executive summary)
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"Meine Reise in die Slums von Bangladesch“ heißt ein Video, das Julien Bam im Mai 2019 auf Youtube veröffentlicht. Julien Bam ist mit mehr als fünf Millionen Followern einer der erfolgreichsten deutschen Influencer. Seine aufwändig produzierten Clips sind meist laut und albern, er singt und ta
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nzt, parodiert Musikhits. Auf dem Video aus Bangladesch schlägt der 31-Jährige leisere Töne an. Er reist durchs Land, trifft Menschen, die mit Armut und den Folgen des Klimawandels zu kämpfen haben, und denkt darüber nach, was all das mit ihm zu tun hat. Mehr als 1,9 Millionen Aufrufe zählt das Video auf Youtube. Viel Aufmerksamkeit für das Kinderhilfswerk Unicef, dessen Projekte Bam in Bangladesch besucht hat. „Das Feedback war toll“, sagt Daniel Debray, der bei Unicef für Influencer-Kooperationen zuständig ist. „Es gab 16.000 Kommentare auf Youtube und wir haben durch die Aktion 90.000 Euro an Spenden eingenommen.“ Vor allem hat Unicef eine begehrte Zielgruppe erreicht: junge Menschen, die sich eher über Youtube oder Instagram informieren als über klassische Medien. Taugt das als Vorbild für andere Hilfsorganisationen, die nach Wegen suchen, das Interesse Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener an entwicklungspolitischen Themen zu wecken? Dieser Frage gingen Fachleute Mitte November bei einer Veranstaltung der Filmtage Globale Perspektiven an der Evangelischen Akademie Frankfurt nach." (Einleitung)
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"Interreligious dialogues have received attention since they were introduced as a security policy and social pacification measure after the attack on 9/11. This essay examines the development of interreligious dialogue in Germany as well as the influence of media discourses on interreligious dialogu
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e and asks to what extent they affect the motives, goals and modes of communication of both Muslim and non-Muslim participants. This analysis leads to the thesis that the mass media’s frequent security-policy framing of Islam within issues of integration, violence, and threat has developed interreligious dialogue groups as a space of face-to-face coping processes with the imagined religious conflict. Muslims attend it in order to put Islam in a different and positive frame. For the Christian participants this also presents the opportunity to reach a new relevance of religion in the public secular space." (Abstract)
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"Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly important tool for shaping and arbitrating online information. It is increasingly, and often invisibly, used by both public authorities and private companies, and greatly impacts the way people seek, receive, impart and access information. Cou
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pled with its ability to identify, surveil and track people, AI can seriously impede on the right to freedom of expression. This #SAIFE Paper puts a spotlight on AI and freedom of expression, and provides guidance and preliminary recommendations on how to effectively safeguard free speech when AI is deployed." (Back cover)
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"Fallar en el tratamiento del suicidio (publicitar el método, el lugar, simplificar las causas) puede provocar un efecto contagio en personas vulnerables. Acertar, al contrario, puede ser un pilar muy importante en la prevención. Pero no es sencillo informar bien sobre el suicidio. Tantas décadas
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de silencio ha dejado a los periodistas huérfanos de formación. Y ese silencio, precisamente, lo que más ha contagiado ha sido eso, más silencio. Un silencio social que lleva a los que sufren a callar en lugar de hablar y pedir ayuda; un silencio que cristaliza el tabú y el estigma, que agrava el duelo insoportable de los supervivientes, que hace invisible cualquier presión a los gobiernos para actuar? Ha llegado el momento de hablar del suicidio. Los medios no pueden seguir callados ante una realidad que se llevó 3.569 vidas en España en 2016, el doble que por accidente de tráfico, doce veces más que por homicidio y 81 veces más que por violencia de género. Hablemos de una vez por todas del suicidio. Pero hablemos bien." (Editorial)
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"Die Befragung hat gezeigt, dass das Thema Gleichberechtigung durchaus etwas ist, mit dem sich fast alle Nutzerinnen und Nutzer grundsätzlich beschäftigen. Sie hat auch einen klaren Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung von Social Media und der persönlichen Einstellung der Userinnen und User hinsicht
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lich der Gleichberechtigung aufgezeigt: Menschen, die Social Media intensiver nutzen, denken weniger gleichberechtigt als solche, die seltener bei Instagram oder YouTube aktiv sind. Wie die Analyse deutlich gemacht hat, hat eine hohe Anzahl der Userinnen und User noch immer sehr klassische Vorstellungen davon, wer für Kindererziehung und Haushalt zuständig ist oder ob Frauen und Männer bei gleicher Arbeit gleich viel verdienen sollen. Social Media scheint dabei ein Verstärker für traditionelle Ansichten hinsichtlich Geschlechterrollen zu sein – unter anderem ausgelöst durch die stereotypen Darstellungen professioneller Influencerinnen und Influencer. Auf diese Weise werden Rollenbilder in den sozialen Medien hochgehalten und immer wieder aufs Neue rekonstruiert und manifestiert. Dadurch tragen Influencerinnen und Influencer – möglicherweise unbewusst – dazu bei, dass Stereotype nicht aufgebrochen werden können und die Entwicklung der Gleichberechtigung ausgebremst wird." (Seite 10)
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