"The media have the capacity to speak to policymakers, civil society and the general public, and therefore have an important role to play in keeping debate and awareness of particular issues in the public domain. Research that supports existing debates can also bring evidence and corroborated facts
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to a debate where they might otherwise be absent [...] In conclusion, the main activities that need to be supported to this effect are the following: support of relationship-building and strengthening of trust among researchers, journalists and civil society activists; creation of the conditions for stronger institutional linkages and networks to develop among researchers, civil society and policymakers; development of journalists’ capacity to report on research findings, and their capacity to work more closely with civil society who can act as mediators with policymakers and researchers; development of researchers’ capacity to work more closely with the media, and with civil society advocates who can promote their work to the media and to policymakers." (Final conclusions, page 16)
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"This report gives an overview of the current state of mobile phone use and services in East Africa. It outlines major trends and main obstacles for increased use as well as key opportunities and potential for upscaling mobile applications. The report draws on secondary data and statistics, as well
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as field work carried out in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda during 2008 and 2009. The publication identifies a broad range of mobile applications relevant for reaching the poor and contributing to social and economic development – from simple agricultural, market or health information services to advanced financial transaction services or mobile use for election monitoring and governance issues. A commented linklist of existing initiatives in the four countries adds to the usefulness of this well documented study." (CAMECO Update 1-2011)
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"The 52-page report summarised here is the result of the three-year partnership between UNDP Oslo Governance Centre and the Communication for Social Change Consortium in piloting the C4E approach in five least-developed countries: Mozambique, Madagascar, Ghana, Lao PDR, and Nepal. The report present
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s key learning from the information and communication needs assessments conducted in these five countries, funded by a grant from the United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF). The implementation of the C4E approach consisted of: (i) information and communication assessments to identify the information and communication needs and identify gaps in meeting those needs; (ii) review of the media context based on the existing research at the national level; (iii) programme interventions informed by the findings of the assessment to ensure economically poor and marginalised groups' participation in decision-making processes. Experiences and lessons from testing the C4E approach in Madagascar and Mozambique in 2007-2008 enabled further refining of the C4E approach and informed the information and communication assessments carried out in Ghana, Lao PDR, and Nepal. As a result, the concept of C4E also widened: from an initial conception as part of UNDP's Access to Information work primarily geared to meeting the information and communication needs of the people through specific media strategies - to an approach that promotes inclusive participation, empowerment of economically poor and marginalised people, and accountability of the state to its citizens. These aspects of C4E, thus, make it an integral part of broader democratic governance and development work." (Summary at the "Communication Initiative" website)
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"In May and June 2009, the BBC World Service Trust’s Research and Learning Group, on behalf of the British Council, conducted research in ethiopia to gauge public understanding of climate change. the research consisted of 16 focus-group discussions with Ethiopian citizens, as well as 18 in-depth i
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nterviews with opinion leaders from government, religious institutions, the private sector, the media and civil society. the overall objective was to find out what people think about climate change, and to determine how to tailor communication and media strategies to support ethiopia’s response to climate change. Key findings: Drought and extreme weather are causing frustration across Ethiopia. Farmers and pastoralists in particular say they are struggling to survive. Ethiopians have noticed changes in their weather. they say that it is getting hotter and the rains no longer fall as they used to. Most, however, have no understanding of the relationship between these issues and climate change. Most Ethiopians are not aware of the concepts of climate change and global warming. they believe the term ‘climate change’ refers to changes in the weather or seasons, and most have no knowledge of its global context or the greenhouse effect. Ethiopians draw heavily on their beliefs and existing knowledge to explain changes in the weather and their environment. Many, particularly in rural areas, believe that god is ultimately responsible for the changes they’ve experienced, and feel that there is little they can do to respond. Others point to local deforestation and local pollution as the primary causes of the drought and environmental degradation they have experienced. Yet most ethiopians do not understand the role that trees or pollution play in the global climate system." (Executive summary)
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"This study investigates self-Censorship practices in Ethiopian state media institutions. Through indepth interviews with 61 journalists, the study discloses extensive use of self-Censorship on the part of journalists who try to conform to the expected reporting style of the state media. The journal
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ists are largely critical of self-Censorship, but continue with the practice despite their reservations. The study suggests that editors and reporters assume a set of underlying justifications to validate the practice on a personal level and make it appear professional for outsiders. The justifications are found to follow four lines of argument: (1) relegation of ethical responsibility; (2) elasticity of journalistic editing; (3) confidence in critical audiences; and (4) adherence to social responsibility. It is further found that there is a remarkable discrepancy between the relatively open-minded official editorial policy of the Ethiopian state media and the restrictive reporting practices followed by the journalists. It is suggested that discourses of fear play a significant role in the reproduction of self-Censorship in the concerned media organizations." (Abstract)
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"The main problem of journalism in Madagascar is not the much-discussed “politicization”, i.e. the political bias in some media in favour of one side or another. As long as such opinions are transparent, such bias need not be to the detriment of the media sector; indeed, other countries bear tes
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timony to this. The main dilemma, instead, is the poor quality of the information presented, and the lack of background and analysis. Not only is there room for a greater diversity of viewpoints, but journalists seem either incapable, unable or uninterested when it comes to searching for new information, cross-checking available facts, and going into in-depth analysis. When criticism is voiced, it remains superficial and ultimately polemic." (Conclusions, page 59)
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Publishing and Alternative Licensing Models in Africa (PALM Africa) has been a two-country research programme conducted in South Africa and Uganda, using action research to explore the potential of open access and flexible and open intellectual property licences with the aim of enhancing the impact
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of African publishing.
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"This book highlights the importance of the news media as watchdogs, agenda setters and gatekeepers for the quality of democratic deliberation in the public sphere. At the same time, it theorizes that the capacity of journalists and media systems to fulfill these roles depends on the broader context
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determined by the profession, the market and the state. Media systems' performance often falls far short of the ideals, as succesive case studies from different world regions demonstrate. Finally, the book asks what policy interventions work effectively to close the gap between the democratic promise and perfomance of the news media as an institution. The final chapter, "Policy recommendations", concludes (page 406): "Interventions include reforms directed at strengthening the journalistic profession, notably institutional capacity building, through bodies such as press councils, press freedom advocacy NGOs, and organizations concerned with journalistic training and accreditation. Other important reforms seek to overcome market failures, including developing a regulatory framework for media systems to ensure pluralism of ownership and diversity of contents. Finally, policies also address the role of the state, including deregulation to shift state-run broadcasting to public service broadcasting, overseen by independent broadcasting regulatory bodies, and the protection of constitutional principles of freedom of the press, speech, and expression." (commbox)
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"In May 2009, the BBC world Service Trust’s Research and Learning Group, on behalf of the British Council, conducted research in Kenya to gauge public understanding of climate change. The research consisted of 12 focus-group discussions with Kenyan citizens, as well as 17 in-depth interviews with
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opinion leaders from government, religious institutions, the private sector, the media and civil society. The overall objective was to find out what people think about climate change, and to determine how to tailor communication and media strategies to support Kenya’s response to climate change.
Key findings
Drought and food scarcity are causing frustration and despair across Kenya. Farmers, fishermen and pastoralists do not know how they would cope if these problems became worse.
Kenyans have noticed changes in their weather. They say that it is getting hotter, that the seasons have shifted and that the rains are more unpredictable. Most, however, have no understanding of the relationship between these issues and climate change.
Most Kenyans are unfamiliar with the concepts of climate change and global warming. They believe the term “climate change” refers to changes in the weather or seasons and have little knowledge of its global context or the greenhouse effect.
People need more information about the causes of climate change and how its long-term impacts will affect their lives." (Executive summary)
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"In August 2009, the BBC World Service Trust’s Research and Learning Group, on behalf of the British Council, conducted research in northern and southern Sudan to gauge the public understanding of climate change. The research consisted of 12 focus group discussions with Sudanese citizens, as well
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as 18 in-depth interviews with opinion leaders from government, religious institutions, the private sector, the media and civil society. The overall objective was to find out what people think about climate change, and to determine how to tailor communication and media strategies to support Sudan’s response to climate change. Main findings and recommendations are presented in this report. Although some Sudanese in urban areas explain climate change with reference to scientific terms and concepts, most Sudanese outside of urban areas do not. Most Sudanese have noticed changes in the weather and seasons, and experienced drought, flooding, changes in rainfall and temperature increases, but do not associate these phenomena with global climate change." (https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/sudan-talks-climate)
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"From August to October 2009, the BBC World Service Trust’s Research and Learning group, on behalf of the British Council, conducted research in Tanzania to gauge public understanding of climate change. The research consisted of 12 focus-group discussions with Tanzanian citizens, as well as 17 in-
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depth interviews with opinion leaders from government, religious institutions, the private sector, the media and civil society. The overall objective was to find out what people think about climate change, and to determine how to tailor communication and media strategies to support Tanzania’s response to climate change. Key findings: Tanzanians have noticed changes in the weather and seasons. They say that temperatures have increased and that the rains are not falling as they used to. Many are struggling with the impacts of drought and are frustrated by increased environmental degradation and resource scarcity. Yet most Tanzanians have no understanding of the relationship between these issues and climate change. Most Tanzanians are unfamiliar with the concepts of climate change and global warming. They believe the term “climate change” refers to changes in the weather or seasons and have little knowledge of its global context or the greenhouse effect. Tanzanians draw on their existing knowledge to explain the environmental changes they experience. Most believe that humans are to blame but point to local deforestation and local pollution as the primary causes of the drought and environmental degradation they have experienced." (Executive summary)
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"In May 2009, the BBC World Service Trust’s Research and Learning Group, on behalf of the British Council, conducted research in Uganda to gauge public understanding of climate change. The research consisted of 12 focus group discussions with Ugandan citizens, as well as 18 in-depth interviews wit
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h opinion leaders from government, religious institutions, the private sector, the media and civil society. The overall objective was to find out what people think about climate change, and to determine how to tailor communication and media strategies to support Uganda’s response to climate change.
Key findings
Whilst most Ugandans do not understand the science of climate change, they have noticed changes in the weather and seasons, and accept the idea that these changes are linked to human activity. They tell of excessive heat, increasing seasonal variability and reduced rainfall. Most people, however, do not connect these with global climate change.
Changes in climate are not noticed by Ugandans in isolation from broader environmental changes. People in Uganda are keenly aware of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion. They often make little distinction between environmental degradation and climate change. Drought and food scarcity are causing frustration and despair across Kenya. Farmers, fishermen and pastoralists do not know how they would cope if these problems became worse.
Crop failure and death of livestock are causing frustration and despair. Farmers and pastoralists do not have a sense of how they would cope if the problems became worse. other issues that people are worried about include bush fires, deforestation, flooding, soil erosion, poor sanitation and air pollution. opinion leaders are particularly concerned for rural communities and the urban poor.
There is a strong tendency for Ugandans to hold themselves individually and collectively responsible for local changes in the environment and the weather. They believe their own activities, such as deforestation and draining swampland, have brought about these changes. There is little awareness that climatic problems – now or in the future – are likely to have causes that extend beyond Uganda." (Executive summary)
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"The Radio Instruction to Strengthen Education (RISE) in Tanzania project exceeded its targets and deliverables in every aspect of the project: More primary and secondary beneficiaries were reached, more trainings were conducted, and more resources and equipment were distributed than estimated. Thes
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e figures are principally due to the commitment of the RISE team and the level of the confidence in the program by national institutions (Ministries of Education and Vocational Training and the Tanzania Institute of Education), district officials, schools and local populations [...] RISE built capacity of communities, districts and national institutions for the establishment and maintenance of 180 Tucheze Tujifunze (TuTu) centers in two districts in Zanzibar and 95 Mambo Elimu Community Learning Centers (MECLC) in seven districts in Mainland Tanzania. In addition, RISE reached 246 classrooms in Zanzibar. RISE produced and distributed resources: Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) programs, Interactive Video Instruction (IVI) programs, guides, classroom kits and song and story books. In addtion, RISE distributed user friendly and sustainable equipment (solar radios, MP3s and MP4s) for audio and video training and in-class support, and trained local staff in their care, use and operation. RISE conducted trainings for education mentors, teachers, shehas, head teachers, school management committees, teacher center staff, district officials and district coordinators. It also built the capacity of MoEVT employees in the design, development and production of IRI and IVI programming, printed materials and training programs." (Executive summary)
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