"In this article, I seek to inform Peace Journalism (PJ) education and training in conflict-affected countries in particular. Based on a case study of the professional experiences of Afghan photojournalists, I offer insights into the acceptability and adoptability of PJ practice by journalists from
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conflict-affected countries. I present six key findings of a larger study on Afghan photojournalists in this article and discuss the lessons they hold for PJ training in conflict-affected countries." (Abstract)
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"This article has addressed the level of journalists’ safety in Pakistan, revealing the diverse threats to journalists’ safety and their right to freedom of expression in the country. Freedom of expression is an individual right, for which no one should be attacked or killed. However, in this st
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udy, journalists’ feedback reveals that not only their lives but their right to freedom of expression is at risk because of the prevailing unsafe environment in Pakistan. The study suggests journalism is a dangerous profession in Pakistan because of physical, psychological, financial, social, emotional and topic-specific risks, which constrain journalists’ right to freedom of expression and affect them most while doing their routine jobs. Despite the unsafe environment and constant threats, this study indicates that only 18% of surveyed journalists have received safety training to protect themselves in conflict and non-conflict situations. The following questions need to be addressed when analysing issues around journalists’ safety training in Pakistan, namely: who are the trainers? Are trainers themselves trained for journalists’ safety training, bearing in mind the local safety circumstances? What is the role of local and international NGO’s in promoting journalists’ safety education either at university or media organisational level? Further research on these aspects is crucial for the better training of journalists. This study reveals that the education of conflict reporting and peace journalism is not the major part of journalism curricula in Pakistan’s public and private sector universities. The curriculum in most of the universities do not reflect distinctively the local aspects of journalism teaching and approaches, which is important for enabling journalists to understand the context within which they perform their work. As highlighted by Abit and Kenneth in their article, the case of Kosovo is quite similar to Pakistan – where journalism education lacks local teaching approches. Therefore, in this article, I emphasize certain initiatives such as: the inclusion of journalists’ safety and peace journalism modules in curriculum; collaboration with international universities for innovative pedagogical models; regular curriculum revision and local-context teaching and research within this field. Others have underlined the need for a few more significant inititatives that I think are crucial as far as journalists’ safety education is concerned, such as: enhancing journalists’ awareness of their rights and physical and psychological safety; protection of their equipment, and legal protection while covering war or conflict." (Conclusion)
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"A decade long civil war ended with a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2006. To address the political developments, the Interim Constitution was promulgated in 2007. Though the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007 guarantees press freedom, every year various incidents of press freedom violation
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are recorded by various national and international organizations. This article evaluates the situation of press freedom in Nepal since the signing of CPA 2006 by analyzing all the incidents of press freedom violation from 2007 to 2014 as recorded by International Federation of Journalists (IFJ). The analysis of those events shows lack of sufficient evidence and information to justify them as the press freedom violation. No matter where and how the journalist or media owner is killed, threatened or harmed physically, it is termed as press freedom violation. The situation of Press freedom after peace agreement in 2006 is not that critical as projected in various reports and there is no government censorship in media. However, if the mechanism by which press freedom violation cases are recorded could be reviewed and more details are included, those reports will be much reliable. This tendency of reflecting critical situation of press freedom by projecting every incident without an adequate investigation might deviate from other issues related to journalist’s profession and further it might not motivate journalist and media to adhere to the code of ethics and become responsible to their profession. Though, the issue of professional safety of journalists could not be ignored, not all the incidents related to journalist are the cases of press freedom violation." (Abstract)
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"In the last Afghan solar year (22 March 2015 – 21 March 2016), twelve journalists and media workers were killed, exceeding any previous year in recent history. In June 2016, the US photographer David Gilkey and his interpreter, journalist Zabihullah Tamanna, were killed in a Taliban attack in Maj
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rah, southern Afghanistan. Approximately three hundred journalists left Afghanistan in 2015. More may follow. The journalists who left last year are relatively few considering the quarter million Afghans who came to Europe in 2015 to seek asylum. Nevertheless, they all share some of the same reasons for leaving. Most important are the high level of threats and the lack of security, both of which affect media workers seriously. In a broad-based Deutsche Welle-report, journalists complain of being “under suspicion from all sides”, and claim that besides the Taliban, the government as well “puts journalists under pressure. Then there are the mafia and the warlords”. The situation has parallels in other countries ravaged by conflict, today not least in Syria and Iraq, but also in neighbouring Pakistan. The difference is that Afghanistan has been in a situation of constant war, occupation, and violent conflict for close to forty years, meaning that a vast majority of the country’s population has not experienced any lasting period of peace and stability. This may be one of the more profound explanations for the current exodus. Hopes have been raised too many times, only to be dashed. Many journalists do not see a future for free media and journalism in Afghanistan, despite the fact that the Constitution guarantees free expression." (Introduction)
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"This book explores the transnational mobility, everyday life and digital media use of childcare workers living and working abroad. Focusing specifically on Filipina, Indonesian, and Sri Lankan nannies in Europe, it offers insights as to the causes and implications of women’s mobility, using data
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drawn from ethnographic research examining transnational migration, work experiences, family, and relationships. While drawing attention to the hidden, largely invisible and marginalized lives of these women, this research reveals the ways in which digital media, especially the use of mobile phones and the Internet, empower them but also continue to reinforce existing power relations and inequalities. Drawing on a wide range of perspectives from media and communications, sociology, cultural studies and anthropology, the book combines theoretical perspectives with grounded case studies." (Publisher description)
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"This study investigates the challenges faced by local journalists caught between the global “war on terror” and its local consequences in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Threats and impunity are commonplace in this buffer zone bordering Pakistan and Afghanistan, compell
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ing scores of native journalists to flee with their immediate families to the relative peace of nearby Peshawar, where they continue to report on issues back home. In-depth interviews with local journalists reveal how threats and impunity work as structural constraints that affect reporting. Working under the logic of neoliberalism, media outlets extract what they can out of these reporters, but the risks are often considered journalists’ personal responsibility and add to their dependence on colleagues. This chapter offers valuable insight into the concerns of local journalists, and demonstrates how they resist the power holders in Pakistan and adapt to the complicated intersections of state, militant and foreign interests." (Abstract)
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"Der Begriff "Weltmusik" war in den 1980er Jahren die gängige Beschreibung für Musikstile, die aus westlicher Perspektive "exotisch" wirkten. Er stand für unterschiedlichste musikalische Traditionen, die oftmals nicht viel mehr gemein hatten, als dass sie plötzlich für den westlichen Markt inte
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ressant und doch mit den dortigen Hörgewohnheiten kompatibel waren. Diesen Prozess der kulturellen Globalisierung und Aneignung bezeichnen Kritiker als koloniales Relikt, schreibt die Vermarktung von "Weltmusik" doch zuweilen die globalen asymmetrischen Machtverhältnisse fort. Nichtsdestotrotz haben es Labels, Privatleute und Communities geschafft, Hörern auf der ganzen Welt diverse Musiktraditionen näherzubringen und kulturelle Vermischungen und Transfers zu bewerkstelligen. Zusehends richtet sich der der Blick nun auf die vielfältigen, eigenständigen und unbequemen Sounds beispielsweise aus Afrika, Lateinamerika oder Asien und den hybriden Charakter vieler transnationaler Musikproduktionen, die eine "Weltmusik 2.0." oder einen "Global Pop" begründen. Dieses Buch stellt Konzepte und Diskurse sowie Akteure, Ausprägungen und Erscheinungsformen der abseits des Mainstreams bestehenden globalen Populärmusik vor und erhebt dabei nicht den Anspruch, die unermessliche Fülle regionaler Sounds zu dokumentieren oder gar zu systematisieren." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"To support joint efforts to protect journalism, there is a growing need for research-based knowledge. Acknowledging this need, the aim of this publication is to highlight and fuel journalist safety as a field of research, to encourage worldwide participation, as well as to inspire further dialogues
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and new research initiatives. The contributions represent diverse perspectives on both empirical and theoretical research and offer many quantitatively and qualitatively informed insights. The articles demonstrate that a new important interdisciplinary research field is in fact emerging, and that the fundamental issue remains identical: Violence and threats against journalists constitute an attack on freedom of expression." (Back cover)
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"First chapter explained the concept of CR and those three key aspects such as: non-profit, community ownership and management, and community participation [...] Second chapter spoke entirely about the situation of CR in India. It has emphasised the history and growth of CR in India through six phas
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es begin from 1995 up to 2017 [...] Third Chapter began with explaining the approach, influence and assistance of the Government of India towards CR and its establishing process. The process of getting licence is briefed in 12 steps [...] Fourth chapter brought out a description about the context of the Diocese of Neyyattinkara and the CR project in specific. It makes clear that CR is not about doing something for the community rather the community doing something for itself [...] Fifth chapter spoke about those features Nids CR wants to promote based on the Church documents such as: Mirada Prorsus, Inter Mirifica, Communio et Progressio, Redemptoris Missio and Aetatis Novae; and the Radio Manifesto of World Radio Forum [...] Sixth chapter is a proposal based on conceptual analyses about the administrative structure, role of definite members, importance of volunteers, probable expenditure and fund raising options ..." (General conclusion, page 143 ff.)
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"This study assesses the role and impact of this local radio station network as well as its sustainability prospects, focusing on four pillars of sustainability in particular: Financial sustainability: at a minimum, radio stations need to be able to support their activities, and ideally enjoy some s
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urplus for innovation. Organizational sustainability: radio stations need to have access to a level of professionalism and resources that allow it to produce and present programs of reasonable quality. Political and cultural sustainability: radio stations need to be politically enabled to perform their activities, to do so in safety, and to enjoy the support of the communities within their broadcast area. Audience sustainability: radio stations need to be able to reach a sizeable audience, and to meet this audience’s information needs and expectations. To this end, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in the Internews/Salam Watandar story as well as those involved in media operations at the central Kabul level were combined with 10 in-depth case studies from the research sample of 30 provincial Internews-established, full Salam Watandar-partner stations. 20 in-depth interviews by phone with the remaining sample stations were added to this." (Executive summary)
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"Desde una perspectiva crítica de la comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social y tomando como referencia una nueva mirada a la Comunicología de la Liberación definida por Luis Ramiro Beltrán (1981), esta presentación analiza experiencias y modelos de comunicación horizontal de radios
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comunitarias en India, con el fin de conocer, desde la práctica, los modos en los que se está involucrando en el proceso de la comunicación a comunidades antes excluidas y silenciadas. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la participación de la comunidad en las prácticas de comunicación participativa iniciadas por tres radios comunitarias en India. Este análisis recoge las diversas formas desde las que estas radios comunitarias en India afrontan el proceso de comunicación dialógica con las poblaciones y comunidades a las que dan servicio." (Resumen)
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"Radio has been recognized as one oft he most cost-effective means of mass communication man has ever invented. The concept of radio communication run and managed by the community itself has gained serious attention since almost a half a century ago. The government of India in order to target specif
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ic communities launches Community Radio (CR) since the early 2000s. Today India has a functioning 200 CR in the country as against the expected 4000 stations. Though the country's communication network is one of the largest in the world, Community Radio is still at infancy. From the trouble in obtaining license to the managing station; from the technical limitations to limitations imposed on content to be broadcasted; from mode of financing to restrictive commercialization, Community Radio need total revamping of its entire regulations to meet the demands of the vast-multi-cultural society." (Abstract)
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"In a democratic political system, the media is often entrusted with the responsibility of guarding the rights of the people. As such, it is essential to critically look at its role and functions in our present socio-political context. This book represents a comprehensive analysis of the following c
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ore issues: the role of the media in educating, protecting and promoting human rights; the challenges facing the media and human rights; human rights reporting and coverage; and the media’s role during violations of human rights, especially with regards to women. The book also contains suggestions and measures to increase awareness on human rights. Furthermore, it discusses the existing discourse of human rights and the media in India, Nepal and Bangladesh." (Publisher description)
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"I would like to begin by stating the obvious. Any way forward has to be based on a clear understanding of the possibilities for change in the environment and context of the press in India. While there is a lot to celebrate about the press in India, its institutional location within the market, its
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shapings by economic criteria and its cohabitations with business, politics and power have arguably compromised its ability to act as the Fourth Estate. So there is a sense in which the press has internal issues that it needs to deal with, although it also has to deal with external issues. When extra-journalistic pressures impinge on reporting, when power is levied to instil fear, encourage the nonreporting of scams and scandals and when those with the temerity to hold truth to power pay the ultimate price – death, the way forward simply has to reckon with and find solutions within a consideration of these home truths." (Abstract)
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"In 2012 the opportunity for ordinary Afghans to communicate with political authorities or hold them to account was extremely limited. To help address this BBC Media Action worked with state broadcaster Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) and the BBC Afghan Service to co-produce the TV and radio nati
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onal debate programme Open Jirga (Open Assembly). It also supported the Afghan Education Production Organization (AEPO) to incorporate governance issues into its longstanding radio drama New Home, New Life. The project aimed to provide a platform for people to question their leaders and which built the profile and participation of women in public dialogue and debate. It also sought to raise the production skills and standards of RTA staff to produce high-quality coverage on key governance issues. Findings showed that BBC Media Action’s training and mentoring of RTA was largely successful. It was also found that more than 84% of those that tuned into Open Jirga and/or New Home, New Life reported that the programmes had increased their knowledge of key governance issues. However, research revealed that satisfaction with panellists’ responses was mixed. Some audiences and experts felt that Open Jirga could have done more to follow up to ensure that action was taken and demonstrate where power holders were failing in their duties. Encouragingly however it was found that both programmes did have a positive impact on attitudes regarding women’s right to participate and their confidence to take action." (BBC Media Action website)
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"The Routledge Handbook of the Indian Diaspora introduces readers to the contexts and histories that constitute the Indian diaspora. It brings together scholars from different parts of the globe, representing various disciplines, and covers extensive spatial and temporal terrain. Contributors draw f
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rom a variety of archives and intellectual perspectives in order to map the narratives of the Indian diaspora. The topics covered range from the history of diasporic communities, activism, identity, gender, politics, labour, policy, violence, performance, literature and branding. The handbook analyses a wide array of issues and debates and is organized in six parts: histories and trajectories; diaspora and infrastructures; cultural dynamics; representation and identity; politics of belonging; networked subjectivities and transnationalism." (Publisher description)
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"Applied Theatre: Performing Health and Wellbeing is the first volume in the field to address the role that theatre, drama and performance have in relation to promoting, developing and sustaining health and wellbeing in diverse communities. Challenging concepts and understanding of health, wellbeing
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and illness, it offers insight into different approaches to major health issues through applied performance. With a strong emphasis on the artistry involved in performance-based health responses, situated within a history of the field of practice, the volume is divided into two sections: Part One examines some of the key questions around research and practice in applied performance in health and wellbeing, specifically addressing the different regional challenges that dominate the provision of health care and influence wellbeing: how the aging population of the global north creates pressure on lifetime healthcare provision, while the global south is dominated by a higher birth rate and a larger population under 15 years old. Part Two comprises case studies and interviews from international practitioners that reflect the diversity of practices across the world and in particular differences between work in the northern and southern hemispheres. These case studies include a sanitation project in a Hmong refugee camp in Thailand in the 1980s, and the sanitation and rural development projects initiated by the traveling theatre troupes of a number of University theatre departments in Africa – Makerere in Kampala, Uganda; Botswana; Lesotho and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania – which began in the 1960s. It considers the emergence of Theatre for Development's use as a health approach, considering the work of Laedza Batanani and the influences of Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed." (Publisher description)
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"Journalists face numerous threats from different stakeholders. In developing countries, internal threats coming from inside media organizations – threats that have a serious impact on the professional, economic and psychological lives of journalists – are less researched. This research is an at
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tempt to identify the various internal threats faced by journalists and the implications of these threats on their daily lives. It was conducted among Indian journalists during March and April of 2015. Results revealed that sudden suspension, dismissal from the service, de-promotion, non-allocation of work, transfer of department and place of work are some of the internal threats faced by the journalists." (Abstract)
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