"Donor-funded journalism is a complex sphere, frequently characterised by balancing acts between the priorities of two vastly different environments. The health desk of one of South Africa’s legacy media outlets, the Mail & Guardian, owes its existence to philanthropy. Launched in 2013, the Bhekis
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isa Health Journalism Centre produces in-depth, analytical coverage of health and social justice issues in Africa. With a grant from the German government, Bhekisisa appointed a health editor and two reporters in January 2013. In September 2015, the organisation expanded further to six full-time staff members and 15 freelance correspondents, after it received funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Because of donor funds, Bhekisisa has become an entity that a few years ago was unimaginable: the Mail & Guardian’s largest specialist desk—more than thrice the size of the political desk. But the centre’s donor resources, and accompanying impact, have come at a great cost. It has radically changed staff members’ job descriptions from being mere journalists or editors to spending significant time—often up to 30 per cent for reporters and 40 per cent for editors—as data collectors, fundraisers, event organisers, proposal writers, conference moderators, creators of information management systems and donor report writers." (Abstract)
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"While the internal dynamics or the role of the state has had a significant bearing on how media systems evolve and change, both internal and external factors have contributed to the type of media that exists in Malawi today. Although Hallin and Mancini did not include at length the role of external
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forces, they did rightfully point out that “media systems are shaped by the wider context of political history, structure, and the culture” (ibid., 2004, page 46). This being said, media systems in aid-dependent contexts should start with a historical interrogation of foreign aid and its conditionalities; because if, as political realists claim, foreign aid is a coercive foreign policy tool that can be used to manipulate change, its ability to shape the type of media a country has emphasises the need for reassessing the way in which we, as media systems researchers, study media systems. In addition, we should not isolate the analysis of media systems through one theoretical lens, but approach international relations theory to challenge and reinvigorate the structural and ideological power arrangements that exist. While no broader generalisations can be made until further analysis is undertaken, it is hoped that the study will serve as a valuable starting point for highlighting the inherently faulty analysis of studying media systems through an internal lens only. This will become even more apparent with the rising economies of China, the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Korea and India, which “are subtly changing the rules of foreign aid with profound consequences for the role of multilateral institutions and conditionality”." (Page 409)
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"During the 2018 electoral period in Zimbabwe, Media Monitors monitored mainstream media to assess the nature of election coverage with a focus on three issues: Fair and balanced coverage of political players, the media’s role in informing the public on electoral processes, and professional and et
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hical conduct by the media. In the final assessment, Media Monitors concluded that while the election agenda dominated on all media platforms, continued polarised coverage affected the media’s capacity to be fair and balanced, there was a lack of equitability and gender bias. Professionally, there was lack of objectivity in the journalists’ reporting, which manifested itself in the form of unbalanced coverage, denial of the right of reply, lack of follow up to issues raised and failure to distinguish between government activities and political campaigns." (https://www.mediasupport.org)
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"IREX partnered with Lore.Ai to test whether machine learning software can automatically detect news articles that contains journalists’ own opinions. This matters because impartial, fact-based news is a powerful indicator for the quality of media and the vibrancy of an information ecosystem. A te
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am of professional media evaluators trained machine learning software to find examples of news articles that contain opinions from a body of over 1,200 online Mozambican news articles. The software identified articles that contained opinions with 95% accuracy. This accuracy was achieved after only 16 rounds of training the software, and anecdotes from the team suggest that the software’s accuracy noticeably improved after only about 20 minutes of “training”. The results have promising implications to improve efficiency, scale, and consistency of traditionally manual and time-consuming media monitoring efforts, such as helping projects target resources more effectively to support journalists whose articles are flagged by the software. The process also surfaced valuable lessons about limitations of applying machine learning to monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) in global development contexts, such as reinforcing human bias or the need to invest in indigenous machine learning talent to apply these tools sustainably. The experiment was implemented in Mozambique, where IREX’s Media Strengthening Program (MSP, funded by the United States Agency for International Development) supports Mozambican professional and community journalists and their media platforms to provide high quality information to citizens." (Key findings, page 1)
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"Between August 2017 and July 2018, CRF implemented the Kilimo Mtaji project (“agriculture makes sense” in Swahili) in Tanzania and DRC. The aim of the project was to seize the power of youth-produced radio shows and outreach events in order to share key messages that raise awareness around fina
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ncial literacy and agriculture as a business, incentivise uptake of services and increase access to service providers, advocate for youth-friendly policy changes and create pathways of opportunity and access to employment for youth [...] The first chapter unpacks the communication campaign model CRF used and its achievements. The chapter further explains the reasons why this campaign model is effective in an African context. The chapter then unpacks the youth-centred approach and shares some of the achievements of this model during the pilot phase in Tanzania and the DRC. The second chapter unpacks the pedagogic approach used to capacitate the youth reporters with the ability to produce quality radio shows and conduct outreach events around these topics. The third chapter provides guidance on the use of various tools developed for the purpose of this project. These tools are the fact sheets, radio guides and outreach guides. Fact sheets are developed for youth reporters to use as factual foundations for their own research and localisation of project topics. Radio guides unpack the process of developing a specific topic for radio shows. Outreach guides look at the process of using radio skills to develop interactive live events with radio listeners, or specific targeted audiences, on a particular topic." (Pages 2-4)
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"This report maps the current landscape in respect of digital rights and online freedom of expression in East, West and Southern Africa. It looks at the trends regarding law and policy developments, as well as recent litigation, within these regions. The report focuses on 18 countries – 6 per regi
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on – and tracks the recent developments that have taken place in these countries. Part I of the report provides an overview of the litigation before the ACHPR and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Court) in respect of freedom of expression. Parts II, III and IV of the report look at the trends generally in East, West and Southern Africa respectively, as well as some of the key legal and civil society actors working on digital rights and online freedom of expression, and include a snapshot of some of the notable developments – both positive and negative – that have occurred in the 18 countries under consideration in this report, as well as reflections on opportunities and challenges for vindicating digital rights within each of the countries. Lastly, Part V considers what the next possible opportunities will be for digital rights and online freedom of expression litigation in the region." (Pages 5-6)
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"My research focuses on two FM radio stations in Ethiopian capital-Abay FM 102.9 and Bisrat FM 101.1 in serving their audiences by providing content deliveries in news writing and reporting. The study based on what listeners of the mushrooming FM radio stations complaints on lacking content from the
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broadcasters particularly news in keeping informing them about their lives and what is going on in their surroundings and beyond that internationally. The research’s specific objectives and research questions were focused on examining the reasons of the broadcasters in delivering their works in professional ways keeping standards, assessing the factors that affect the quality of news and investigate what room the radio stations have to diversify their sources of news. The stations are selected by taking the time of their licensing, since they were the second generation FM radio stations in the capital (and of the country). The time of the study was from early March- mid April 2018 for six weeks (Monday-Friday). A total of 542 news items Mid-day (12:00 am) news from Abay and early evening news (06:00 pm) from Bisrat were collected, coded, categorized and evaluated as well rated for their news values. The researcher utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods. News of radio stations thoroughly investigated by hearing each of them qualitatively in professional ways the quantitative research work was done by Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings reveal that the problems of lacking content from the FMs are a real one." (Abstract)
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"Religion, Media, and Marginality in Modern Africa is one of the first volumes to put new media and old media into significant conversation with one another, and also offers a rare comparison between Christianity and Islam in Africa. The contributors find many previously unacknowledged correspondenc
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es among different media and between the two faiths. In the process they challenge the technological determinism-the notion that certain types of media generate particular forms of religious expression-that haunts many studies. In evaluating how media usage and religious commitment intersect in the social, cultural, and political landscapes of modern Africa, this collection will contribute to the development of new paradigms for media and religious studies." (Publisher description)
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"Christianity as the predominant religion in Zimbabwe consists of several faith groupings, each of which responds to public events through the mass media. Mainline churches uphold a conventional human rights approach to faith-based political criticism, while Mapostori or Apostolic churches follow an
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Africanist form of faith and appear to condone some alignment with the authoritarian ruling party. In the sampled media coverage of three online newspapers, the political use of religious strategies or practices from various faith groups by the president and high-ranking party functionaries is reported from either the former government-sanctioned view or an oppositional stance. Moralist reprimand is levied at various politicians from a religious rationale, assuming good and evil, church and state, Christianity and African spirituality, which, however, remain abstract since there is no overall faith-based guidance for political behaviour beyond a secular constitution that still appears utopian. The critical discourse analysis suggests that complex relationships exist among the various faiths, causing diverse religious interpretations of political events. This suspension of Cartesian thinking results in a continuing circular logic of blame and prayer, disaster and prophesy instead of the use of constitutional democratic institutions to hold politicians accountable. Such logic seems sustained by politicized interpretations of spiritual entities, spiritual interpretations of political events and by the perceptions of the Zimbabwean public, who, as believers of one or other faith, is equally at the mercy of opportunistic ‘prophets’ from many denominations as it is targeted by the political powers of the day." (Abstract)
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"In a nutshell, the nascent print media of Ethiopia is in danger of a complete collapse. This is not the effect of the digital tsunami; it is primarily because of unprofessionalism and authoritarianism. Undoubtedly, the spread of mobile telephones and the Internet further endangers their existence.
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The price of newspapers and magazines has increased to 13 birr on average, which is expensive for many. That is partly why some readers prefer to rent for a few minutes. The more subtle reason for scanning rather than buying is disregard and distrust for the publications. The political environment is not conducive to allowing the public to enjoy a number of high quality media products. Private newspapers, magazines, radios and television stations tread very carefully. But the public’s hunger for a courageous press that gives informed analysis and accurate news is more evident than at any other time. That is why nearly every household installs satellite dishes to watch alternative media based outside of the country. Those are the only dissidents discussing hardcore political issues with no fear of harmful ramifications. Internet penetration is low, but surging. If the government liberalizes the telecoms sector in the near future, the flow of information could generate active citizens that will demand more freedom. However, the repression of recent years has followed Internet-based protest movement, leading to heavy censorship." (Conclusion)
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"Women in News Somalia aims to increase women’s leadership and voices in the media. It does so by equipping women journalists and editors with the skills, strategies, and support networks to take on greater leadership positions within their media. Through a two-year programme (2015-2017) twelve wo
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men media professionals from across Somalia and Somaliland participated in a combination of training, mentoring, coaching and networking to learn practical skills and gain more confidence in their ability to play a key role in the Somali media sector. The WIN Somalia programme consisted of three gatherings where media management and career management training were delivered together with one-on-one coaching to identify and create a tailored career roadmap for each participant." (Page 1)
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"This guide will support you in creating exciting and impactful content for the airwaves and community outreach activities around gun violence and community safety. Children’s Radio Foundation has partnered with Gun Free South Africa (GFSA) to build the capacity of youth to influence and shape beh
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aviour and attitudes towards gun violence and community safety. They also aim to influence relevant policies, legislation and programming to reduce gun violence through innovative community-based interventions. GFSA is a national non-governmental organisation (NGO) committed to reducing gun violence in South Africa with more than two decades of experience in public policy advocacy, public education, awareness raising and community mobilisation. We have compiled this guide based on our experience and learning in our youth radio projects across South Africa and the African continent. Young people, trained as youth reporters, record the stories and experiences of their peers and their communities and create radio programmes and public events so that we all can learn, connect and make better choices for ourselves. The youth reporters use a guide that helps them understand the topic, choose a focus, research and build a radio show and community outreach." (Introduction)
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"The fourth annual report looks at jobs in the newsroom, fake news and fact-checking journalism, and highlights the problem of threats to media freedom in South Africa. In a survey conducted across a range of newsrooms both big and small, it found that young, black women journalists are more likely
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to find work in South African newsrooms than any other demographic. The survey also confirmed that, with one or two exceptions, young, less experienced journalists are writing the news we read every day. While its overview of honours research into fake news suggests there might not be as much of it circulating in this country as we imagine, it also found that fact-checking journalism has yet to gain the traction in South African newsrooms as a marketable genre in the way that it has elsewhere in the world." (http://journalism.co.za/resources/state-of-the-newsroom)
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"These are the background case notes complied for MEMO 2018.1: Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation. For details on the methods behind this content analysis please see the methodology section of the report. This document contains data from over 500 s
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ources organized by country. The sources include high quality news articles, academic papers, white papers, and a range of other grey literature. As an annotated bibliography, the country cases here make use of significant passages from these secondary sources, and every effort has been made to preserve full citation details for future researchers. The full list of references can be found in our public Zotero folder, with each reference tagged with a country name." (Page 3)
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