"The three studies contained in this volume trace the emergence of 'community media' in Western society—specifically new approaches to broadcasting and electronic media in North America and Western Europe [...] The orientation of the studies is not purely towards research, though where research ha
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s been done, it is utilized. Rather, their purpose is to collect, analyse and synthesize as large a volume as possible of current initiatives in the field of methods adopted, problems experienced, solutions found, new questions posed. In this kind of review, various dimensions are relevant. There is, first, the conceptual level—the objectives for which the media are used or with which they are associated. Are they used primarily for educational purposes, for enlarging the range of available study materials? Are their purposes mainly social, creating and enhancing processes of community development? Or are they seen as serving psychological ends, by allowing for the fuller expression of individual and group personalities? Second, there is the technological or organizational aspect. For example, are media used at the local level also linked to a national system of information distribution, as in the access programmes of some national networks, which allow the layman to participate in producing television programmes? Are they associated more with local radio or cable television? Or are they a form of video animation, based on portable cameras and recorders, perhaps with very limited distribution? Third, there is the descriptive, social and political level. What is being attempted with community media in different countries? How do these countries differ in cultural attitude, or in prescriptions for social or economic growth?" (Preface)
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"Covers aspects of media education in the secondary schools in certain European countries where it is emphasized: France, Italy, Federal Republic of Germany, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the U.S.S.R. (cinema only), and the U.S.A. In all countries except the U.S. fil
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m is stressed to the exclusion of other media. A final section is on organizations." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 32)
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"Robinson discusses the development and operation of the press and broadcasting, against the background of the sociopolitical factors that have shaped this multinational, multilingual Communist state. She details the history of communications from 1945 to 1975; analyzes the national news agency, Tan
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jug; examines the way in which characteristic news values have evolved; and describes the role of the media in nation-building in a country with widely diverse ethnic groups. In conclusion she explores the composition of readers, listeners, and viewers. Appendixes give the journalism code, the content of three geographical foreign policy registers (1964), and a comparison of overlapping subject master in Tanjug and the Associated Press." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 361)
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"The title indicates the scope of this excellent history of the war correspondent, including photographers, as Knightley traces him (and a few hers) from the beginning of this type of journalism in the Crimes in the 1850s to the war in Vietnam over a century later. In between he covers various wars,
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little and big, in various parts of the world. He describes not only the correspondents but also the political and ideological climate that produced and set the course of the particular war, and analyzes the media coverage. This is useful not only for research and reference, but also as history. In addition it makes fascinating reading, although some parts are true horror stories which can be hard to take. There are 12 pages giving numerous sources, a bibliography and an index. The 1982 edition omits two chapters in the 1975 edition on the Boer War and on Algeria." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 235)
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"Theoretically, advertising and communism are not compatible, but Hanson explains why this is not necessarily the case. In Part I he treats the Soviet Union, in Part II, Eastern Europe, showing in both parts organization and function and highlighting similarities and differences. Much of the informa
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tion in Part II comes from a survey in which nationals responded to a questionnaire. A bibliography in the appendix accompanies Part I. The study was originally published in 1971 and 1972 as two separate monographs in the (British) Advertising Association's Research Studies in Advertising series." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 1573)
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"This is an accourt of filmmaking in Eastern Europe in which Stoil has combined film criticism with political and social analysis. The film history of the Soviet Union is considered apart from that of other Communist states in the region: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Rumani
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a and Albania, with East Germany omitted because it is basically in the Western tradition. Intended as an introduction for students and laymen unfamiliar with the subject. There is a bibliography of works available in English, an index of films and a general index." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 1495)
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"Foreign programmes of 13 radio stations broadcasting daily to Yugoslavia were chosen in order to test the initial hypothesis of ideological determination of external radio propaganda, which was operationalized by a set of subhypotheses. There are, in fact, 15 foreign broadcasting stations in 14 cou
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ntries regularly beaming their daily programmes to Yugoslavia in the languages of the Yugoslav nations, but two of them were not included in the analysis because of monitoring difficulties (Radio Madrid) and because the content was too specific (Radio Vatican). The week between Sunday, 9 September and Saturday, 15 September 1973 was chosen for the content analysis of 13 foreign radio programmes in the Serbo-Croat language, a total amount of 7,700 minutes. In addition, External Services of Radio Belgrade (Yugoslavia) were included in the analysis in order to compare foreign programmes with the Yugoslav ones. The findings of this empirical research confirm the significance of the ideological dimension of propaganda, which stood out in the sample of radio propaganda stations as a particular factor having the largest discriminatory power (the “ideological factor” explained the largest part of common variance in the five-dimensional factor space). The frequency of appearance of symbols, the fact that they either appear or do not, and particularly their explicit evaluation in the analysed messages, are those basic characteristics of propaganda which make it possible to distinguish clearly between various sorts of propaganda on the basis of its value and prescriptive orientation. The results indicate a class-ideological determination of foreign radio programmes, in which the stations of the socialist countries do not coincide with the evaluative orientation of Radio Belgrade, as representative of the Yugoslav media. The analysis revealed five typical clusters of broadcasting stations, three generated by western and two by eastern stations: (1) Moscow and Sofia, (2) Peking and Tirana, (3) Deutsche Welle and Deutschlandfunk, (4) BBC, Paris, and Voice of America, (5) Athens and Voice of Turkey." (Conclusion, page 48)
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"Primarily "a study of institutions of the public or public utility character whose purpose is to promote the art and technique of the cinema and their applications in education, science and culture." Thus, film and trade associations and trade union types of associations are not dealt with. It uses
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as examples detailed descriptions and charts of organizations in Britain, India, Sweden, and Poland, with an annex giving names and addresses of national branches of the International Council for Educational Media (ICEM) and the International Scientific Film Association (ISFA) throughout the world. There is also a list of the membership of the International Newsreel Association (INA)." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 1201)
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