"Vor dem Hintergrund der Flüchtlingsdebatte in Deutschland 2015 wird in diesem Beitrag danach gefragt, welche (Massen-)Kommunikationskanäle Flüchtlinge vor, während und nach der Flucht nutzen, um sich über migrationsrelevante Themen zu informieren und sich darüber mit anderen Migrationswillige
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n auszutauschen. Dabei wird nicht nur die Frage nach der subjektiven Bewertung der genutzten Quellen gestellt, sondern auch untersucht, ob die Flüchtlinge eine informierte Entscheidung in den verschiedenen Phasen der Migration treffen. Auf Basis des Uses-and-Gratifications-Ansatzes und der Handlungstheorie (symbolischer Interaktionismus) wurden zwischen November 2015 und Februar 2016 vier Fokusgruppen und 36 Tiefeninterviews mit syrischen und irakischen Flüchtlingen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass sich die befragten Flüchtlinge vor und während der Flucht gut informiert fühlten, da persönliche Kontakte und soziale Medien die Informationsbedürfnisse weitgehend befriedigen konnten. Informationsdefizite zeigten sich vor allem nach der Ankunft in Deutschland." (Abstract)
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"International trade in creative industries showed sustained growth in the last decade. The global market for traded creative goods and services totaled a record $547billion in 2012, as compared to $302 billion in 2003. Exports from developing countries, led by Asian countries, were growing faster t
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han exports from developed countries. Among developed country regions, Europe is the largest exporter of creative goods. In 2012, the top 5 creative goods exporters included Germany, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Belgium. Exports of creative goods from developed economies grew during the period 2003 to 2012, with export earnings rising from $134 billion to $197 billion. Among developing countries, China is the largest exporter of creative goods. In 2012, the top 5 exporters were China, Hong Kong, China, India, Turkey and South Korea. Exports of creative goods from developing economies grew during the period 2003 to 2012, with export earnings rising from $87 billion to $272 billion. Developing countries are playing an increasingly important role in international trade in creative industries." (Executive summary)
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"Anhand einer repräsentativen Umfrage mit 404 Flüchtlingen, die vorwiegend aus Syrien, Irak, Afghanistan, Pakistan und Iran kamen, liefert die vorliegende Studie erstens Erkenntnisse dazu, wie sich Flüchtlinge in ihren Herkunftsländern, auf ihrem Fluchtweg und in Deutschland Informationen versch
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affen und welchen Quellen sie vertrauen. Zweitens interessiert die aktive Nutzung von mobilen Medien zur Verbreitung von Informationen sowie zur Kommunikation mit anderen über die eigene Flucht. Drittens soll die Aufdeckung von Zusammenhängen der Mediennutzung mit Erwartungen, Bewertungen und Entscheidungen der Geflüchteten in Bezug zum Zielland Deutschland dazu dienen, konkretes Verhalten vor und während der Flucht besser verstehbar (und ggf. prognostizierbar) zu machen." (Executive summary)
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"This study provides a snapshot of refugees’ experiences regarding communication and information at different points on their journey. It examines the communication behaviours and priority information needs of refugees in three areas: on their journey, in “transit” camps in Greece, and in Germ
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any, for those who have reached this key destination country for refugees. The research consists of interviews with refugees and with humanitarian agency officials in Greece and Germany. The study examines how refugees access and use information, and presents the concerns and challenges faced by humanitarian agencies in addressing their needs. A total of 66 refugees from Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq participated in the qualitative study in formal and informal camps in Greece. An additional 13 interviews took place in Germany – capturing the voices of those who had completed their journey. A total of 16 focus group discussions were also conducted. Participants were asked to tell the story of their journey so far, focusing particularly on the information and communication they needed and used at different stages. In-depth interviews with 41 humanitarian actors in Greece and four in Germany captured their understanding of refugees’ communication needs." (Executive summary)
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"In der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jhs. baute Deutschland ein weites Kolonialreich auf. Dass dieser Teil der deutschen Geschichte heute oft vergessen ist, hängt mit dem frühen Verlust der Kolonien nach der Niederlage im Westen Weltkrieg zusammen. Kolonialgeschichte aber ist ein zentraler Teil einer g
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emeinsamen Geschichte von Europa und dem 'Rest der Welt'. Die Ausstellung in Berlin thematisiert Herrschaftspraxis und wirtschaftliche Ausbeutung sowie den Umgang mit der einheimischen Bevölkerung bis hin zum Völkermord. Forschungsreisen und christliche Missionierung spielen ebenso eine Rolle wie das Schicksal von in 'Völkerschauen' gezeigten Afrikanern." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Welche publizistischen Angebote können gemacht werden, damit das Interesse der Bürger am eigenen Umfeld (wieder) zunimmt? Wie kann die lokale, demokratische Öffentlichkeit gestärkt werden? Diese Fragen werden im vorliegenden Buch untersucht. Im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms „Zusammenhalt durch T
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eilhabe“ wurde das jeweilige Kommunikationsgefüge der Landkreise Ludwigslust (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) und Vogtlandkreis (Sachsen) analysiert. Im Fokus standen acht Orte mit 2.100 bis zu 20.000 Einwohnern. Insgesamt zeigt die Untersuchung, dass Bürgerzeitungen – sowohl durch Nutzung als auch durch redaktionelle Mitarbeit – das örtliche Engagement der Bürger stärken können. Heimatgefühl und Engagement sind miteinander verzahnt, ein Modell zeigt diese wechselseitigen Einflussfaktoren auf." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Initial growth in Internet use in the 1990s resulted in many digital pioneers viewing new information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a means to radically empower people through new global connections and extensive social capital. This has extended into an interest in exploring how ICTs ca
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n contribute to international development, and particularly in the field of ICT for development (ICT4D). Evidence from the minority and majority worlds has tempered some of this initial enthusiasm and visions of technological determinism. This article is structured around a piece of coproduced writing to reflect on a project in a deprived neighbourhood in Edinburgh, Scotland, to empower a community through new technology and digital art. The approach involved social history in the form of an archive of images of the neighbourhood, a blog and Facebook page, and a range of physical outputs including social history walking guides and a digital totem pole. The article sets the coproduced paper in the broader literature on ICTs in community development to draw out lessons on the challenges and also the strengths of using novel methods to engage communities. While ICTs cannot develop extensive social capital within deprived neighbourhoods, it was clear that they can offer low-cost ways for institutional social capital to be developed improving partnership working." (Abstract)
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"Media concentration has been an issue around the world. To some observers the power of large corporations has never been higher. To others, the Internet has brought openness and diversity. What perspective is correct? The answer has significant implications for politics, business, culture, regulati
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on, and innovation. It addresses a highly contentious subject of public debate in many countries around the world. In this discussion, one side fears the emergence of media empires that can sway public opinion and endanger democracy. The other side believes the Internet has opened media to unprecedented diversity and worries about excessive regulation by government. Strong opinions and policy advocates abound on each side, yet a lack of quantitative research across time, media industries, and countries undermines these positions. This book moves beyond the rhetoric of free media and free markets to provide a dispassionate and data-driven analysis of global media ownership trends and their drivers. The book covers thirteen media industries, including television, newspapers, book publishing, film, search engines, ISPs, wireless telecommunication, and others across a 10- to 25-year period in thirty countries. After examining these countries, this book offers comparisons and analysis across industries, regions, companies, and development levels. It calculates overall national concentration trends beyond specific media industries, the market share of individual companies in the overall national media sector, and the size and trends of transnational companies in overall global media." (Publisher description)
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"This report reviews similarities and differences in public sector support for the media across a sample of six developed democracies – Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States – that represent a wide range of different media systems and different approaches to
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media policy. It shows that public support for the media in all of them has remained basically unchanged for decades: Primarily it takes the form of licence fee funding going overwhelmingly to public service broadcasting. This is the case in all the five European countries. In the United States, federal and state appropriations for public broadcasting constitute the second most significant form of public support for the media. Secondarily it takes the form of indirect support for paid print media industry incumbents. In the United States, this form of support is more significant than funding for public broadcasting. In all cases governments offer more indirect than direct support for private sector media organisations. Only Finland, France, and Italy offer direct subsidies; in Finland and France almost exclusively for the printed press, in Italy also to local broadcasters. In all three countries, indirect subsidies are more significant. There is no substantial public-sector support for online-only media organisations. In France, the only country in which such support was available, it amounted to little more than 1/10,000th of all public support in 2008." (Executive summary)
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"Die MedienNutzerTypologie fasst Menschen mit ähnlichen soziodemografischen Merkmalen, Interessen und einer vergleichbaren Alltagsgestaltung zu homogenen Gruppen zusammen. Die Fernsehnutzung der Typen wird davon beeinflusst, wie sie sich in den Tagesablauf einbetten lässt - außerdem spielen pers
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nliche Einstellungen und damit verbundene Programminteressen eine bedeutende Rolle. Auch das Kulturangebot vor Ort und die finanziellen Mittel zur Freizeitgestaltung bestimmen das Zeitbudget für das Fernsehen. Der Umfang der Fernsehnutzung liegt im Durchschnitt aller MedienNutzerTypen bei knappen vier Stunden täglich. Je nach Typ gibt es stärkere Abweichungen von diesem Wert: Spaßorientierte (143 Min. Sehdauer) nutzen vermehrt das Internet bzw. auch Medienangebote lieber online, zu den Wenigsehern zählen auch Hochkulturorientierte (216 Min.), die eher aktiv kulturellen Interessen nachgehen und ihre Freizeit stärker auch außerhalb der eigenen vier Wände gestalten. Ältere Typen wie Eskapisten (285 Min.) und Häusliche (345 Min.) sind zu großen Teilen nicht mehr berufstätig und ziehen sich eher ins Private zurück, ihr Fernsehkonsum ist stark ritualisiert und der höchste aller MedienNutzerTypen." (Zusammenfassung)
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"Between November 2015 and February 2016, MICT conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with a total of 88 Syrian and Iraqi refugees in Berlin. The central aim of the interviews was to investigate which sources of information refugees were using, before, during and after their transit, in orde
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r to find out more about their routes, their risks and their destinations, as well as any other relevant information. The study’s results show how refugees rated certain forms of information – that is, how much they trust various sources – as well as which sources of information are used in which stages of their journey to a new land. Additionally the results also show that the majority of the refugees feel that they are well informed on relevant topics, before and during their transit. Above all, the interviewees in this study trusted interpersonal communication. Traditional media played a lesser role. It was only upon arriving in Germany that the refugees began to feel less well informed. Many of the refugees described themselves as confused about life in this new country, thanks to language barriers and limited access to media and other relevant information in Germany." (Abstract)
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"The first book in Why We Post, a book series that investigates the findings of nine anthropologists who each spent 15 months living in communities across the world, including Brazil, Chile, China, England, India, Italy, Trinidad and Turkey. This book offers a comparative analysis summarising the re
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sults of the research and exploring the impact of social media on politics and gender, education and commerce. What is the result of the increased emphasis on visual communication? Are we becoming more individual or more social? Why is public social media so conservative? Why does equality online fail to shift inequality offline? How did memes become the moral police of the internet? Supported by an introduction to the project’s academic framework and theoretical terms that help to account for the findings, the book argues that the only way to appreciate and understand something as intimate and ubiquitous as social media is to be immersed in the lives of the people who post. Only then can we discover how people all around the world have already transformed social media in such unexpected ways and assess the consequences." (Back cover)
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